關(guān)于ICAO英語(yǔ)的一些愚見(jiàn)（針對(duì)level 4）
下面的大多都是針對(duì)第四部分OPI（oral proficiency interview） OPI包含5個(gè)部分：1 warm up 2 level check 3 probe 4 picture describe 5 wrap up 一） vocabulary (最后附有各個(gè)系統(tǒng)專業(yè)詞匯) 對(duì)于一些比較常見(jiàn)專業(yè)單詞詞組的歸納 三個(gè)應(yīng)答機(jī)特殊編碼 ：編碼自己查 不便說(shuō)。從小到大分別是hijack , radio failure , distress conditions PAN PAN和MAYDAY的區(qū)別： PANPAN：need assistance timely urgency situation MAYDAY：need assistance immediately distress situation 乘務(wù)員 flight/cabin attendant 駕駛艙職權(quán)梯度 cockpit authority gradient 機(jī)庫(kù) hangar 接通/斷開(kāi)自駕 engage/disengage AP 地形 terrain 人因 human factors 活物 牲畜 livestock 繞飛 detour 界面 交界處 interface 修改 modify amend 試車 engine runup 爛泥 slush 減速 妨礙 retard 積累 accumulation 濕度 humidity 降雨量 precipitation 氣喘asthma 腹瀉 diarrhea 調(diào)度 簽派 dispatch 信號(hào)員 marshaller 開(kāi)往 駛往 Bound for 放油 fuel dump jettison 預(yù)期anticipate 污染 contaminate 外形 configuration 致命的 fatal 分院 branch flight college 炸藥 dynamite 手榴彈grenade 恢復(fù) revert Human error chain: people makes mistake, and accident happens. one mistake leads to another to another to another which leads to an accident IRS: inertial reference system 慣性基準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng) 干預(yù) interfere 配件 附件 accessory 氣動(dòng)的pneumatic 有形的 具體的 concrete 臨界的 marginal 連續(xù) touch and go 起落 Traffic circuit 補(bǔ)充 replenish 全停 full stop 物質(zhì) 物品 substance 拉緊 繃緊 strain 踝關(guān)節(jié)ankle 肘部 elbow 對(duì)正跑道 align the runway POB: people onboard 改裝訓(xùn)練 transition training 劫機(jī)犯 hijacker 陸空對(duì)話 radiotelephony communication 前輪轉(zhuǎn)彎?rùn)C(jī)構(gòu) nose wheel steering 執(zhí)行 execute 疏散 evacuation 機(jī)長(zhǎng)的四條杠的含義： 1 flying skill 2 knowledge 3 profession 4 responsibility 提供飲食及服務(wù) cater（主要在地面裝載時(shí)會(huì)用到） RNP----required navigation performance 所需導(dǎo)航性能 RDH----threshold height 跑道入口高度 二）幾個(gè)主要系統(tǒng)組成及功用 1 LANDING GEAR SYSTEM 很多圖是關(guān)于重著陸,，事故以及事故癥候的，事故大多數(shù)的情況都包含有起落架的一些情況,，damaged,，unable to extend, tires blow-out, smoke from main gear等情況，所以遇到這一類型的圖就可以引申出對(duì)于LANDING GEAR SYSTEM的問(wèn)題來(lái)考驗(yàn)對(duì)系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)知,。 Tricycle gear arrangement 前三點(diǎn) shock strut 減震支柱 bumper減震器 Manual extension handles 人工放下起落架手柄 Nose wheel arrangement advantages: 1) it allows more forceful application of brakes for higher landing speed without nosing over. 2) it permits better visibility for the pilots during landing and taxing 3) it tends to prevent aircraft from ground-looping by moving the C.G forward of the main gear. Landing gear safety devises : 1) Mechanical downlock----------to prevent accidental operation of the mechanical downlocks, electrically operated safety switches are installed. 2) Safety switches-----------------The torque links spread apart or move together as the shock strut piston extends or retracts in its cylinder. 3） Ground lock----------------one common type of a pin installed in aligned holes drilled in 2 or more units of the landing gear support structure. 2 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM 第四部分里面有一張圖是關(guān)于hydraulic system的,，建議這個(gè)系統(tǒng)多熟悉一下 Units commonly operated by hydraulic system : Landing gears , wing flaps , slats , speed and wheel brakes , nose wheel steering , Primary flight surfaces hydraulic system components: an engine driven pump , a filter , a reservoir , a pressure regulator , an accumulator , a pressure gauge , a relief valve , an emergency pump , two check valves , a selector valve , an actuating cylinder operation the engine driven pump which is directly coupled to the engine will operate when the engine is running. The pump draws fluid from reservoir and expels to the system through the filter and a check valve and the pressure can be built up. the pressure regulator unloads or relieves the engine driven pump when the desired pressure in the system achieved . thus it’s often referred to as an unloading valve.In the event of malfunction of pressure regulator , the relief valve will release any pressure above that maintained by the regulator. 3 AIR CONDITIONING AND PRESSSURIZATION SYSTEM The cabin air conditioning and pressurization system supplies conditioned air for heating and cooling the cockpit and cabin spaces. This air also provides pressurization to maintain a safe and comfortable cabin environment. Some of the air conditioning systems installed in modern aircraft utilize air turbine refrigerating units to supply cooled air. These are called air cycle system. Function of air conditioning system: To maintain a comfortable temperature within the fuselage. In a typical system the temperature is measured and compared to the desired setting of the temperature controls. 1 supply ventilation air 2 supply heated air 3 supply cooled air Function of cabin pressure control system: To provide cabin pressure regulation , pressure relief , vacuum relief ,and the means of selecting the desired cabin altitude.
4 WINGTIP DEVICES-----------improve the efficiency of fixed-wing aircraft, intended effect id always to reduce the drag by altering the airflow near the wingtips.
5 APU-------AUXILIARY POWER UNIT Function----- to provide power to start the main engines. Turbine engines must be accelerated to a high rotational speed in order to provide sufficient air compression for self-sustaining operation. Before engines are to be turned, the APU is started, generally by a battery or hydraulic accumulator. Once the APU is running, it provides power (electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic, depending on the design) to start the aircraft's main engines. APUs fitted to ETOPS (Extended-range Twin-engine Operations) aircraft are a critical safety device, as they supply backup electricity and compressed air in place of the dead engine or failed main engine generator.
三）特勤處置 先說(shuō)一下CRM-----COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CRM 包括4部分 1：establish good communication with crew members , so that we can prevent and correct any mistakes. 2：take full advantage of the facilities onboard and the ground navaids. 3：operate the aircraft strictly according to the manual and SOPs. 4：comply with the aviation regulations. 關(guān)于EMERGENCY ，處置
這里只是提供一個(gè)大致框架,，具體特勤具體分析,，如ENGINE FAILURE, BOMB ONBOARD,GEAR JAM等，具體的細(xì)節(jié)就只有自己去豐滿,。 關(guān)于SICK PASSENGER ONBOARD的處置：
我在考試的時(shí)候遇到關(guān)于SUFFER FROM HEART ATTACK的乘客 四）口試 OPI的前三部分只會(huì)涉及很少的專業(yè)問(wèn)題,，所以這三部分可以一起來(lái)看和準(zhǔn)備,。說(shuō)的直白一點(diǎn)，這幾部分就是和考官扯淡,，但是扯淡要注意尺度,，不要使勁扯，扯淡變成扯蛋會(huì)有一點(diǎn)痛的,。這里部分會(huì)過(guò)渡到一些飛行相關(guān)的問(wèn)題。分院,，飛行經(jīng)歷,，所飛機(jī)型，小時(shí)數(shù),，所遇特勤,，職業(yè)特性，基本可以概括為一次完整的飛行過(guò)程,。建議考前寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于自己飛行的文章,，涵蓋以上一些信息。到時(shí)候遇到可以觸類旁通,，把你準(zhǔn)備的說(shuō)出來(lái),。同時(shí)也是做一個(gè)引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)考官就你的信息中挖掘問(wèn)題,，這樣會(huì)比較占主動(dòng)性,。 E.G: That choosing to be a pilot as my career makes me proud and makes my family proud. This is a noble job. Come on, think about it. Because of our works, a boy can meet his bonny lass, a father back from business trip can give his daughter a warm hug, businessmen can sign their contracts in time, and packages are delivered to your door on time. All these give me a feeling of success, a feeling of happiness. And besides, this is a job with good salary and comparatively high social status. I used to consider that it’s easy to be a pilot. You know, just like the unprofessional people thinks: pilots engage the AP after takeoff, then planned route, planned level, planned everything. All the pilots need to do is disengaging the AP when the aircraft comes to the short final, and make a perfect landing, taxi to the right gate. That’s all. It looks easy and seems that everybody can do that. But I’ve changed my mind after all the things I’ve been through in the GUANGHAN flight college where I actually learnt how to control and manage an aircraft and how to be a professional pilot. There’s a long way to go, and that takes time. The very first rule I learn is to be patient, always. And there is a “13-hours-checkride” which is set to check whether the student is skillful or talented enough to be a pilot. This is a cruel check for the students, and some are doomed to fail. I sweated my shirt and the headphone that day in the cockpit. But lucky me, I passed. This is the most precious treasure in my life that I wish I would never experience again. 附加：各個(gè)系統(tǒng)詞匯 Air Conditioning System PACK空調(diào)主件 HOT BLEED AIR熱引氣 OUTLET DUCT外流管 BYPASS VALVE旁通活門(mén) RAM AIR 沖壓空氣 INLET SCOOP 進(jìn)氣口 TRIM AIR VALVE 調(diào)節(jié)空氣 EXTRACTOR FAN排氣風(fēng)扇 GUARDED FLAP 有保護(hù)蓋的導(dǎo)片 BLOWER 鼓風(fēng)機(jī) EXTRCTOR排風(fēng)扇 OVERBOARD 機(jī)外 ONBOARD機(jī)上 OPEN-CIRCUIT開(kāi)路 CLOSED-CIRCUIT閉路 CONFIGURATION 形態(tài) PASSENGER LOAD乘客載荷 DOWNSTREAM下游 STANDING WATER積水 ATLN（ALTERNATE）備份C HANNEL通道 PNEUMATIC氣源 DUAL 雙的 SWITCH OVER交換 PRE-COOLER預(yù)冷機(jī) COOLANT冷卻劑 AMBER琥珀色 VENTILATION通風(fēng) CIRCUIT BREAKER跳開(kāi)關(guān) PRESSURIZATION （增壓） FLAPPER VALVES 瓣?duì)罨铋T(mén) PROFILE 剖面 TOGGLE 扳鈕開(kāi)關(guān) VACUUM 真空 ISAO BARIC 等壓 BAROMETRIC 氣壓 PRESSURE DIFFERENTIALS 壓差 ANEROID SWITCH 膜盒氣壓 STBY （STANDBY）備份 DC DIRECT CURRENCY 直流電 DITCH 水上迫降 SUPERCHARGER 增壓器 INADVERTENT 偶然的 LEAKAGE 漏、滲 APRON 停機(jī)坪 CEILING 頂板 ACCESSORY 副件 THROTTLE LEVER 油門(mén)桿 CRUISE 巡航 NEGATIVE RELIEF VALVE 負(fù)壓釋放活門(mén) POSITIVE PRESSURE 正壓 AIRPORT ELEVATION 機(jī)場(chǎng)標(biāo)高 AUTOPILOT（自動(dòng)駕駛） MOMENTUM 動(dòng)量 MIMICKING 模仿 GLARE-SHIELD 遮光板 Performance ACTUATORS 制動(dòng)器 SURVEILLANCE 監(jiān)視 QUADRANT 油門(mén)操縱桿 FLEX（FLEXIBLE）靈活的 MCT（MAXIMUM CONTINUE THRUST） 最大連續(xù)推力 ELEVATORS 升降舵 AILERON 副翼 NAVAID 助航 SID（STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE） 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儀表離場(chǎng) STAR（STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL ROUTE）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)場(chǎng)程序 MISSED APPROACH （GO AROUND） 復(fù)飛 DYNAMIC 動(dòng)力的 AUGMENTATION 增加,、增益 FLIGHT ENVELOPE 飛行包線 CDU（CONTOL DISPLAY UNIT）控制顯示組件 FMA（FLIGHT MODE ANNUNCIATOR）飛行方式顯示器 ADIRS（AIR DATA AND INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM）大氣數(shù)據(jù)及慣性基準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng) MCP（MODE CONTROL PANEL）方式控制面板 GPS（GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM）全球定位系統(tǒng) FLARE 平飄 TOUCHDOWN 接地點(diǎn) FLY-BY-WIRE 電傳操縱 ACELEROMETER 加速器 ALIGNMENT 對(duì)準(zhǔn),、校準(zhǔn) SERVOMOTOR 伺服馬達(dá) GYROSCOPE 陀螺 THRUST REDUCTION ALT 減推力高度 REVERSE 反推 ARM 預(yù)位 FPA（FLIGHT PATH ANGLE）飛行航徑角 LOCALIZER 航向道 IDLE 慢車DETENT 卡位FPV（FLIGHT PATH VECTOR）飛行航徑矢量 CRM（COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT）駕駛艙資源管理 PF（PILOT-FLIGHT）把桿飛行員 PFD（PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY）主飛行顯示 PULLEY 滑輪 ROLL 滑跑 SCROLL 翻動(dòng)、卷起 SLEW 上下選頁(yè) VELOCITY 速度 DATA BASE LOADER 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)裝載機(jī) ALPHA/NUMERIC KEY BOARD 字母/數(shù)字鍵盤(pán) DYNAMIC AND BACKGROUD DATA 動(dòng)態(tài)和背景數(shù)據(jù) TROPOPAUSE 對(duì)流層頂 ALIGNMENT 校準(zhǔn) EFOB（ESTIMATED FUEL ON BOARD） 預(yù)計(jì)機(jī)上燃油 ETA（ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVING）預(yù)計(jì)到達(dá)時(shí)間 ADC（AIR DATA COMPUTER）大氣數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算機(jī) CRT（CATHODE RAY TUBE）陰極射線管 LSK（LINE SELECT KEY）行選鍵 TERMINAL AREA 終端區(qū)域 COORDINATE 經(jīng)緯度 RNVA AREA NAVIGATION 區(qū)域?qū)Ш?/p> EN-ROUTE 在航路上 CFDS（CENTRALIZED FAULT DISPLAY SYSTEM）集中顯示系統(tǒng) VIBRATIONS 振動(dòng) IMPULSES 脈沖 CURVATURE 彎曲 曲度 TRANSCEIVER 無(wú)線電收發(fā)機(jī) INTERPHONE 內(nèi)話機(jī) EVACUATION 疏散 KNOB 旋鈕 BUZZER 蜂鳴聲 FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM REJECTED T/O 中斷起飛 CONVENTIONAL 通用的 WHEEL 駕駛盤(pán) COLUMN 駕駛桿 PEDAL 腳蹬 SURFACE 舵面 RUDDER 方向舵 SPEED-BRAKE 減速板 FLAP 襟翼 STAB TRIM 調(diào)整片 OVERRIDE SWITCH 超控電門(mén) AW DAMPER 偏航阻尼器 CENTERING MECHANISM 定中機(jī)械 SWEEP BACK 后掠 SPOILER 擾流板 JAM 卡阻 ROLL 滾轉(zhuǎn)（橫滾） PITCH 俯仰 STABILIZER 安定面 YAW 偏航 YAW DAMPER RATE GYRO 偏航率陀螺儀 LONGITUDINAL AXIS 縱軸 VERTICAL AXIS 垂軸 LATERAL AXIS 橫軸 ACTUATING CYLINDER 作動(dòng)筒 AIRFOIL 翼部面 SECONDARY FLIGHT CONTROL 輔助飛行操縱 HIGH LIFT DEVICE 增升裝置 TRAILING EDGE（TE）后緣 LEADING EDGE（LE）前緣 POWER TRANSFER UNIT（PTU）動(dòng)力傳輸裝置 STALL 失速 MANEUVER 機(jī)動(dòng)飛行 INBOARD 內(nèi)側(cè) OURBOARD 外側(cè) SLOTTED 開(kāi)縫的 THREE SLOTTED FLAP 三開(kāi)縫襟翼 DRAG 阻力 COMPARATOR 比較儀 ROLL RATE 滾轉(zhuǎn)率 MIXER 混合器 DEFLECTION 偏轉(zhuǎn) AERODYNAMIC MEAN CHORD 平均空氣動(dòng)力弦 TORQUE 扭力 JACK 千斤頂 FIRE PROTECTION OVERHEAT 超溫 FIRE DETECTION 探火 FIRE DETECTION LOOP 探火環(huán) FIRE ALERT 火警戒 FAULT MONITORING CIRCUIT 失效監(jiān)控電路 WARNING BELL 火警鈴 GROUND PROXIMITY 近地 ENGINE INDICATING AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM （EICAS）發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)指示和機(jī)組警戒系統(tǒng) ENGINE NACELLE 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)艙 CARGO COMPARTMENT 貨艙 MALFUNCTION 失效 SMOKE DETECTION 煙霧探測(cè) LOCK DOWN 下鎖 SHUTDOWN 關(guān)車 UNLOCK 開(kāi)鎖 TRIP 跳開(kāi)關(guān) THRUST REVERSER 反推 CARBON DIOXIDE（CO2）二氧化碳 TOXICITY 毒性 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM GENERATE 發(fā)電 DISTRIBUTE 配電 ESSENTIAL POWER 重要設(shè)備電源 VOLTAGE 電壓 PHASE 相 BUS 匯流條 TRANSＦＯＲＭER RECTIFIER UNIT（TRU）變壓整流器 LIGHTING CIRCUIT 照明電路 EMERGENCY POWER 應(yīng)急電源 STANDBY POWER 備用電源 ONBOARD 機(jī)載 STATIC INVERTER 靜變流機(jī) BATTERY 電瓶 FREQUENCY 電頻 RAM AIR-DRIVER GENERATOR 沖壓空氣驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī) ENGINE-DRIVEN GENERATOR 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的發(fā)電機(jī) BATTERY CHARGER 電瓶充電器 LOAD 載荷,、電荷 TRIP OFF 跳開(kāi) CHARGE 充電 SERVICE BUS 勤務(wù)匯流條 SPLIT BUS 分裂匯流條 BUS TIE BREAKER （BTB）匯流條連接斷路器 GENERATOR CONTROL UNIT（GCU）發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制組件 MONITOR 監(jiān)控 DIVISION 分配 FUEL INNER FUEL TANK 內(nèi)側(cè)燃油箱 INTEGRAL TANK 整體油箱 WING/FUSELAGE STRUCTURE 機(jī)翼/機(jī)身結(jié)構(gòu) WING TIP 翼尖 FUEL NOZZLE 燃油噴嘴 VENT SURGE TANK 通風(fēng)（防震動(dòng)）油箱 SPILLAGE 溢出 DIVERT 轉(zhuǎn)向 GROSS WEIGHT （GW）全重 E/WD ENGINE AND WARNING DISPLAY 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)警告指示 CROSS FEED VALVE 交輸供油活門(mén) CONDENSATION OF MOISTURE 水氣凝結(jié) SURGE TANK 通風(fēng)油箱 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM RESERVOIR 液壓油箱,、水庫(kù) FILTER 濾器、濾紙 ACCUMULATOR 儲(chǔ)壓器,、儲(chǔ)蓄器 EXPEL 排出,、趕出 PISTON 活塞 CHARGE 釋放、放出 WHEEL BRAKE 機(jī)輪剎車裝置 NOSE WHEEL STEERING 前輪轉(zhuǎn)向操縱 PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACE 主飛行操縱面 PRESSURE REGULATOR 調(diào)壓器 EMERGENCY PUMP 應(yīng)急泵CHECK VALVE 單向活門(mén) SELECTOR VALVE 選擇活門(mén)ACTUATING VALVE 卸荷活門(mén) PREDETERMINED VALVE 預(yù)定值BALL VALVE 球形活門(mén) RETURN LINE 回油管路 SPRAY 噴,、向……噴射 PERFORATE 穿孔于 HERMAL ANTI-ICING SYSTEM 熱防冰系統(tǒng) WINDSHIELD 風(fēng)擋 ENGINE COWL 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)整流罩 STATIC PORT 靜壓口 BIRD-STRIKE 鳥(niǎo)擊 AOA（THE ANGLE OF ATTTACK）迎角 TAT（TOTAL AIR TEMPERATURE）全溫 SAT（STATIC AIR TEMPERATURE）靜溫 EIS（電子儀表系統(tǒng)） ATTENTION GATTER 提醒燈 CHRONOGRAPH 記時(shí)器 ELAPSED TIME 已飛時(shí)間 PARAMETER 參數(shù) CHECKLIST 檢查單 DISPENSE WITH 省略 UN-CLUTTER 混亂 SIDE SLIP 側(cè)滑 UTC（COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME）協(xié)調(diào)世界時(shí) SCHEMATIC 圖解形式 EADI 電子姿態(tài)指示器 EHSI 水平狀態(tài)指示器 BEARING POINTER 方位指針 DECISION HEIGHT 決斷高度 ADF（AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER） 自動(dòng)定向機(jī) INTERFACE 界面,、接口 REFERENCE LINE 參考線 DFDR（DIGITAL FLIGHT DATA RECORDER）數(shù)字式飛行數(shù)據(jù)記錄器 RAW DATA 原始數(shù)據(jù)AIDS 飛機(jī)集成數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng) ECAM（ELECTRONIC CENTRALIZED AIRCRAFT MONITOR ）電子飛機(jī)集中監(jiān)控 LANDING GEAR GROUND LOOP 打地轉(zhuǎn) NOSE OVER 拿大頂 MARGIN 斜度 CHOCK 輪擋 BUNGEE CORD 彈簧索（減震支柱） SHOCK ABSORBER 減震器、緩沖器 RUBBER BLOCK 橡皮塊（減震器） OIL-AIR STRUT 油氣式減震支柱 TAILWHEEL GEAR 后三點(diǎn)式起落架 TRICYCLE GEAR 前三點(diǎn)式起落架 ANTISKID 防滑裝置 SHOCK STRUT 減震支柱 NAVIGATION DEW POINT 露點(diǎn) NOISE ABATEMENT 減噪 VOR（VERY-HIGH-FREGUENCY OMINI-DIRECTIONAL RANGE）甚高頻全向信標(biāo) VOR ORIENTATION VOR 定向,、定位 THRESHOLD 跑道入 AIR DATA INERTIAL REFERENCE UNITS（ADIRU）大氣數(shù)據(jù)慣性基準(zhǔn)組件 DIGITAL DISTANCE AND RADIO MAGNETIC INDICATOR （DDRMI）數(shù)字距離無(wú)線電磁指示器 GPWS（GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING SYSTEM） 近地警告系統(tǒng) ADF（AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER）自動(dòng)定向儀 DME（DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT）測(cè)距儀 PFV（FLIGHT PATH VECTOR）飛行航經(jīng)引導(dǎo) TCAS（TRAFFIC AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM）空中交通避撞系統(tǒng) CAGING KNOB 鎖定旋鈕 AIR MISS 危險(xiǎn)接近 APUAUXILIARY POWER UNIT輔助動(dòng)力裝置） GAUGE 表 INDUCTION SYSTEM 進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng) TRANSITION 過(guò)渡 FACILITY 設(shè)施 MSA（MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE）最低安全高度 PLAN VIEW 平面圖 OUTBOUND 背臺(tái)HOLDING 等待 MOCA 最低超障高度 MAP 復(fù)飛點(diǎn) LDA 可用著陸距離 MLS 微波著陸系統(tǒng) SDF 簡(jiǎn)易定向設(shè)施 PAR 初始進(jìn)近雷達(dá) MSL 平均海平面 TEARDROP PATTERN 修正角 HAT 高出接地點(diǎn)的高 HAA 高出機(jī)場(chǎng)的高 MEA 最小航路高 RVR 跑道視程 ROTATE 抬輪 STICK SHAKER 抖桿 OVERSHOOT 目測(cè)過(guò)高 （來(lái)源：愛(ài)游藍(lán)天） 飛行員培訓(xùn)是飛行員自己的家園,。微信號(hào)：feixingyuanpeixun,在這里我們?yōu)槟阏故撅w行員從招飛、體檢,、培訓(xùn),、學(xué)習(xí),、就業(yè)以及關(guān)于飛行員的各個(gè)方面的信息。個(gè)人微信號(hào)：feifeii521,投稿郵箱：[email protected] |
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