”企業(yè)“的幾個(gè)譯法

• enterprise

  大中小企業(yè): small, medium, and large enterprises

  國有企業(yè)：state-owned enterprises (SOE)

  中小微企業(yè)：micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs),

  小微企業(yè)：small enterprises

  企業(yè)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金：enterprise workers’ old-age insurance funds

  制造業(yè)企業(yè)：manufacturing enterprises

  領(lǐng)軍企業(yè)：leading enterprises

• business：其中一些用法和前面的 enterprise 一樣了

  中小微企業(yè)：micro and small businesses

  小微企業(yè)：micro and small businesses

  民營企業(yè)：private businesses

  企業(yè)和員工：businesses and their employees

• corporate：這個(gè)在這里其實(shí)是用作形容詞吧,，公司的

  企業(yè)所得稅: corporate income tax credits

• Company:

  平臺企業(yè): platform companies

  外資企業(yè): foreign companies

• firm：這種規(guī)模比較小,，比如律師事務(wù)所等

  中小外貿(mào)企業(yè): small and medium foreign trade firms

比較幾個(gè)詞

我對這幾個(gè)詞的區(qū)別不是很專業(yè)，大致的理解(也許是錯(cuò)的）就是：

enterprise > corporation > company > firm

具體可以參考：Company,，Corporation,，Incorporation，Enterprise,，F(xiàn)irm 對應(yīng)中文分別是什么？在中美的法律層面有什么區(qū)別,？- 知乎^[1]

提取的與“企業(yè)”有關(guān)的雙語句子

幫助受沖擊最直接且量大面廣的中小微企業(yè)和個(gè)體工商戶渡難關(guān),。

And we helped micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and self-employed individuals, which are large in number, extensive in scope and took the most direct hit from Covid-19, weather what was a very tough time.

對中小微企業(yè)貸款延期還本付息，大型商業(yè)銀行普惠小微企業(yè)貸款增長 50%以上,，

MSMEs were allowed to postpone principal and interest repayments on their loans, and inclusive finance lending by large commercial banks to micro and small businesses increased by more than 50 percent.

對大企業(yè)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)加強(qiáng)“點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)”服務(wù),。

Point-to-point transportation services were provided to large enterprises to help them resume operations.

各地加大穩(wěn)崗擴(kuò)崗激勵力度，企業(yè)和員工共同克服困難。

Local governments across the country provided more incentives to stabilize and expand employment, thus enabling businesses and their employees to work hand-in-hand to overcome their difficulties.

出臺國企改革三年行動方案,。支持民營企業(yè)發(fā)展,。

We adopted a three-year action plan for SOE reform and supported the development of private businesses.

支持科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)用，促進(jìn)大中小企業(yè)融通創(chuàng)新,，推廣全面創(chuàng)新改革試驗(yàn)相關(guān)舉措,。

We supported the application of scientific and technological advances, encouraged collaborative innovation among small, medium, and large enterprises, and promoted pilot reforms on all-around innovation.

保障養(yǎng)老金按時(shí)足額發(fā)放，實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金省級統(tǒng)收統(tǒng)支,。

Pension benefits were paid on time and in full, and provincial-level collection and payout of enterprise workers’ old-age insurance funds was realized.

中小微企業(yè)和個(gè)體工商戶困難較多,，穩(wěn)就業(yè)壓力較大。

Our MSMEs and self-employed individuals are still finding the going tough, and the pressure in maintaining stable employment is mounting.

提升企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力,，激發(fā)人才創(chuàng)新活力,，完善科技創(chuàng)新體制機(jī)制，

We will enhance the capacity of enterprises to make technological innovation, unlock the creativity of talent, and improve the systems and mechanisms for making scientific and technological innovation.

對小微企業(yè)和個(gè)體工商戶年應(yīng)納稅所得額不到 100 萬元的部分,，在現(xiàn)行優(yōu)惠政策基礎(chǔ)上,，再減半征收所得稅。

On the basis of preferential policies already in force, we will halve the income tax of micro and small enterprises and self-employed individuals on annual taxable income below one million yuan.

進(jìn)一步解決中小微企業(yè)融資難題,。

Further steps will be taken to address the financing difficulties of MSMEs.

延續(xù)普惠小微企業(yè)貸款延期還本付息政策,，加大再貸款再貼現(xiàn)支持普惠金融力度。

We will continue the policy of allowing micro and small enterprises to defer principal and interest repayments on inclusive-finance loans, and increase support for inclusive finance via re-lending and rediscounting.

延長小微企業(yè)融資擔(dān)保降費(fèi)獎補(bǔ)政策,，完善貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制,。

We will continue the policy of providing rewards and subsidies to reduce financing guaranty fees for micro and small businesses, and improve mechanisms for risk sharing and compensation for loan defaults.

推廣隨借隨還貸款，使資金更多流向科技創(chuàng)新,、綠色發(fā)展,，更多流向小微企業(yè)、個(gè)體工商戶,、新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體,，對受疫情持續(xù)影響行業(yè)企業(yè)給予定向支持。

We will extend the pay-as-you-go lending model, channel more funds into scientific and technological innovation, green development initiatives, micro and small enterprises, self-employed individuals, and new types of agribusiness, and provide targeted support for enterprises and industries enduring a sustained hit from Covid-19.

大型商業(yè)銀行普惠小微企業(yè)貸款增長 30%以上,。

inclusive loans to micro and small businesses by large commercial banks will increase by over 30 percent this year.

適當(dāng)降低小微企業(yè)支付手續(xù)費(fèi),。

Appropriate reductions will be made to transaction fees levied on micro and small businesses.

今年務(wù)必做到小微企業(yè)融資更便利、綜合融資成本穩(wěn)中有降,。

This year, we must see that micro and small businesses have easier access to financing, and that their overall financing costs steadily drop.

著力穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)有崗位,，對不裁員少裁員的企業(yè)，

We will continue to provide adequate fiscal, tax, and financial policy support to businesses that do not cut jobs or only cut a small number of them.

完善市場主體退出機(jī)制,，實(shí)行中小微企業(yè)簡易注銷制度,。

The mechanism for market entities to exit the market will be refined, and the system for deregistering MSMEs with simplified procedures will be implemented.

用改革辦法推動降低企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營成本。

We will work to reduce enterprises ’ production and operating costs through reform.

允許所有制造業(yè)企業(yè)參與電力市場化交易,，

All manufacturing enterprises will be allowed to engage in market-based electricity transactions.

中小企業(yè)寬帶和專線平均資費(fèi)再降 10%,。

Average rates for broadband and dedicated internet access services for small and medium enterprises will be lowered by another 10 percent.

鼓勵受疫情影響較大的地方對承租國有房屋的服務(wù)業(yè)小微企業(yè)和個(gè)體工商戶減免租金,。

Governments in localities that were hit hard by Covid-19 will be encouraged to lower or waive rentals on state-owned property for micro and small businesses in the service sector and for self-employed individuals.

深入實(shí)施國企改革三年行動，做強(qiáng)做優(yōu)做大國有資本和國有企業(yè),。

We will continue to implement the three-year action plan for SOE reform, and work to strengthen, expand, and increase the returns on state capital and enhance the strength, quality, and size of SOEs.

深化國有企業(yè)混合所有制改革,。

We will also push ahead with mixed-ownership reform in SOEs.

構(gòu)建親清政商關(guān)系，破除制約民營企業(yè)發(fā)展的各種壁壘,。健全防范和化解拖欠中小企業(yè)賬款長效機(jī)制,。弘揚(yáng)企業(yè)家精神。

We will build a cordial and clean relationship between government and business, remove barriers to the development of private businesses, improve the long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving late payments to small and medium businesses, and promote an entrepreneurial spirit.

國家支持平臺企業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展,、增強(qiáng)國際競爭力,，同時(shí)要依法規(guī)范發(fā)展，健全數(shù)字規(guī)則,。

The state supports platform enterprises in pursuing innovative development and enhancing international competitiveness; it will ensure that their business operations are well-regulated in accordance with the law and take steps to refine digital rules.

運(yùn)用市場化機(jī)制激勵企業(yè)創(chuàng)新,。

We will leverage market forces to encourage enterprises to engage in innovation.

強(qiáng)化企業(yè)創(chuàng)新主體地位，鼓勵領(lǐng)軍企業(yè)組建創(chuàng)新聯(lián)合體,，

We will boost the principal role of enterprises in innovation, and encourage leading enterprises to establish innovation consortia.

延續(xù)執(zhí)行企業(yè)研發(fā)費(fèi)用加計(jì)扣除 75%政策,，將制造業(yè)企業(yè)加計(jì)扣除比例提高到 100%，

We will continue to implement the policy of granting an extra tax deduction of 75 percent on enterprises ’ R&D costs, and we will raise this to 100percent for manufacturing enterprises.

用稅收優(yōu)惠機(jī)制激勵企業(yè)加大研發(fā)投入,，著力推動企業(yè)以創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)發(fā)展,。

By employing such mechanisms for preferential tax treatment, we can encourage enterprises to increase R&D spending and pursue innovation-driven development.

對先進(jìn)制造業(yè)企業(yè)按月全額退還增值稅增量留抵稅額，提高制造業(yè)貸款比重,，擴(kuò)大制造業(yè)設(shè)備更新和技術(shù)改造投資,。

We will refund all due VAT credits to advanced manufacturing enterprises on a monthly basis, raise the proportion of loans to the manufacturing sector, and increase investment in the equipment upgrades and technology transformations of manufacturing enterprises.

實(shí)施好產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)再造工程，發(fā)揮大企業(yè)引領(lǐng)支撐和中小微企業(yè)協(xié)作配套作用,。

We will implement projects for upgrading foundational industrial infrastructure and give full play to large enterprises’ capacity to provide leadership and support, and to the collaborative and supporting role of MSMEs.

發(fā)展工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng),，促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和創(chuàng)新鏈融合，搭建更多共性技術(shù)研發(fā)平臺,，提升中小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力和專業(yè)化水平,。

We will further develop the industrial internet, promote the integration of industrial and innovation chains, and build additional platforms for generic technology R&D to enhance the capacity of MSMEs for making innovations and engaging in specialized production.

鼓勵企業(yè)創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，便利新產(chǎn)品市場準(zhǔn)入,，推進(jìn)內(nèi)外貿(mào)產(chǎn)品同線同標(biāo)同質(zhì),。

We will ensure that products sold domestically are produced on the same production lines, meet the same standards, and are of the same quality as exported products.

引導(dǎo)平臺企業(yè)合理降低商戶服務(wù)費(fèi),。

We will also encourage platform companies to reduce their service fees as appropriate.

簡化投資審批程序,，推進(jìn)實(shí)施企業(yè)投資項(xiàng)目承諾制,。

investment approval procedures will be streamlined, and the business-invested project commitment system will be put into practice.

加強(qiáng)對中小外貿(mào)企業(yè)信貸支持,，擴(kuò)大出口信用保險(xiǎn)覆蓋面、優(yōu)化承保和理賠條件,，

We will increase credit support to small and medium foreign trade firms, expand the coverage of export credit insurance and streamline the conditions for insurance acceptance and claims settlement.

穩(wěn)定加工貿(mào)易,，發(fā)展跨境電商等新業(yè)態(tài)新模式,，支持企業(yè)開拓多元化市場,。

We will keep the processing trade stable, develop new forms and models of trade such as cross-border e-commerce, and support enterprises in diversifying their markets overseas.

促進(jìn)內(nèi)外資企業(yè)公平競爭,，依法保護(hù)外資企業(yè)合法權(quán)益。

We will promote fair competition between domestic and foreign companies and protect the lawful rights and interests of foreign-invested enterprises.

堅(jiān)持共商共建共享,，堅(jiān)持以企業(yè)為主體,、遵循市場化原則，健全多元化投融資體系,，強(qiáng)化法律服務(wù)保障,，有序推動重大項(xiàng)目合作，推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通,。

We will, with enterprises as the main actors and acting on market principles, set up a sound, diversified investment and financing framework, provide better legal services and safeguards, and work to steadily advance cooperation on major projects and promote infrastructure connectivity.

擴(kuò)大環(huán)境保護(hù),、節(jié)能節(jié)水等企業(yè)所得稅優(yōu)惠目錄范圍，促進(jìn)新型節(jié)能環(huán)保技術(shù),、裝備和產(chǎn)品研發(fā)應(yīng)用,，培育壯大節(jié)能環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)，推動資源節(jié)約高效利用,。

We will expand the catalog of corporate income tax credits for environmental protection and the conservation of water and energy, and promote the development and application of new types of energy-efficient and eco-friendly technologies, equipment and products, and the cultivation of energy-saving and environmental protection industries to ensure the conservation and efficient use of resources.

參考資料