◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.
A. will show B. would show
C. am going to show ? D. am showing
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選,。
【分析】正確答案選B,。根據(jù)上文的語(yǔ)境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個(gè)虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我沒(méi)忘記我在哪兒讀過(guò)這篇文章的話——但事實(shí)上忘了）,。
2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
A. He’d better give up drinking
B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選,，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響。
【分析】最佳答案為D,。關(guān)鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,，句子既然用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也就是說(shuō),，“他喝醉了”不是事實(shí),，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D,。
3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are
C. will D. would
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C,。選A者，認(rèn)為前后兩句的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)應(yīng)一致,；選C者,，認(rèn)為其后帶有if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從語(yǔ)氣上看,，主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。分析如下：
(1) “so + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)”是一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu),，它表示“……也一樣”時(shí),。如：
He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視,，我也一樣。
When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當(dāng)動(dòng)植物消失的時(shí)候,，人類也會(huì)隨之消失,。
(2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣（這是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will,，即答案應(yīng)選D,。
4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”
A. will come B. is coming
C. came ? D. had come
【陷阱】容易誤選A或B。根據(jù)上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應(yīng)填一個(gè)一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),。
【分析】但此題的最佳答案是 C,。按照英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，would rather 后接that 從句時(shí),，從句謂語(yǔ)通常要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,，即用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去,。又如：
I’d rather you left right now. 我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就離開,。
I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿這事被遺忘掉。
I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我寧愿他沒(méi)告訴我這事,。
請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鲆韵略囶}(答案均為B)：
(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you ______.”
A. won’t ? B. didn’t
C. don’t D. wouldn’t
(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you ______.”
A. didn’t ? B. hadn’t
C. don’t D. wouldn’t
(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he ______.”
A. won’t ? B. didn’t
C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t
5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
A. should be; be operated on
B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated
D. was; be operated on
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選,。
【分析】最佳答案選 D。insist后的從句謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,，有時(shí)不用,，具體要看該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的含義。一般說(shuō)來(lái),，若該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生,，或尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,；若該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，則要用陳述語(yǔ)氣,。分析上題的句意,，可知只有選D最合適。請(qǐng)做以下類似試題（答案選B）：
(1) The patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital.
A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent ? B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent
C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent ? D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent
(2) The man in prison insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ set free.
A. should do, should be B. had done, should be
C. had done, had been ? D. should do, had been
(3) I advised that he ______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ quite well then.
A. was sent; felt ? B. be sent; was feeling
C. he sent; feel ? D. should be sent; should feel
6. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up
C. Did he give ? D. If he gave up
【陷阱】容易誤選 D,。
【分析】正確答案應(yīng)選B,。之所以不能選D，是因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)前后有矛盾,。由于主句謂語(yǔ)是would not have got,，這表明是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)作出的假設(shè)，所以從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是 had given up,，而不是像D項(xiàng)那樣用一般過(guò)去時(shí),。另外,，當(dāng)虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時(shí),，通?？梢允÷?if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首,。又如：
Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他們停止做廣告,，價(jià)錢會(huì)降下來(lái)。
Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里,，我會(huì)把那場(chǎng)面拍攝下來(lái)了,。
◆精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練◆
1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.”
A. do B. did
C. had ? D. would
2. If I hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.
A. don’t know ? B. hadn’t known
C. wasn’t knowing ? D. wouldn’t know
3. “I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you _____.”
A. don’t B. hadn’t
C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
4. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.
A. can’t get ? B. won’t get
C. hadn’t got ? D. wouldn’t get
5. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”
A. knew, live ? B. knew, lives
C. know, lives D. know, lived
6. “Isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?”
A. begin B. have begun
C. began D. had begun
7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall ? D. were to fall
8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
A. had scored ? B. scored
C. would score ? D. would have scored
9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies ? B. lay
C. had lain ? D. should lie
10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold ? B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
11. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said
C. might say D. might have said
12. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
A. breaks ? B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
14. But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.
A. would have passed ? B. would pass
C. wouldn’t have passed D. wouldn’t pass
【答案與解析】
1. 選B。It’s time you did 為 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略,。按照英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,，it’s time 后從句通常要用過(guò)去式。
2. 選A,。雖然前有虛擬條件句, 后有使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的賓語(yǔ),，但 I don’t know 卻宜用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因?yàn)?I don’t know 表述的是現(xiàn)在的真實(shí)情況,，句意為“我要不是有幸遇到你,，我真不知(指現(xiàn)在不知)我會(huì)做出什么蠢事來(lái)”。
3. 選B,。I’d rather 后接從句時(shí),，從句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律是：用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成式表示過(guò)去,。
4. 選A,。we can’t get there by tomorrow 為客觀事實(shí)，故宜用陳述語(yǔ)氣,。
5. 選B,。第一空填 knew，因?yàn)?I wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(即用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在的想法),；第二空要填lives,，即用陳述語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)?where he lives 是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí),，而不是 I wish 的內(nèi)容,。
6. 選C。It’s time… / It’s high time… / It’s about time… 等后接從句時(shí),，從句謂語(yǔ)通常用過(guò)去式,。
7. 選 B。此題涉及錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句,，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,，條件句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,。句意為：要不是在七歲時(shí)就迷上了 Melinda Cox 圖書館，我真不能想像我如今會(huì)在做什么,。
8. 選 D,。這是otherwise 引出的含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣，再根據(jù)前面的 hesitated 可進(jìn)一步知道這是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,，由此可推知答案選 D,。
9. 選 C。if only 意為“要是……就好了”,，其后的句子謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,，同時(shí)根據(jù) as the doctor instructed 中的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)可知從句是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故選 C,。
10. 選 A,。without 引出的介詞短語(yǔ)為一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的含蓄條件句。
11. 選 D,。otherwise 在此相當(dāng)于 if she had not walked away from the discussion,，即暗示一個(gè)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。
12. 選 D,。根據(jù)句中的 didn’t let me drive 可知,，這是一個(gè)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句，條件句的謂語(yǔ)用 had+過(guò)去分詞,，主句謂語(yǔ)用 would / should / could / might have+過(guò)去分詞,。
13. 選 C。as if 引導(dǎo)的句子,，有時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,，有時(shí)不用。原則上說(shuō),，若指事實(shí)或可能為事實(shí),，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；若指現(xiàn)在,，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be 用 were),；若指過(guò)去用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，若指將來(lái)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)或用 were to do sth,。又如下面一題要選 C：
It seems as if the sun ____ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.
A. circles ? B. is circling
C. were circling ? D. has been circling
14. 選C,。but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”,，用于引出與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),，通常與虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用。根據(jù)句中的 the help you gave me,，可知它表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,，故選C,。
