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中考105個(gè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法公式,!

 bookman1959 2025-01-14 發(fā)布于湖北
內(nèi)容圖片

?中考?100個(gè)?英語(yǔ)?語(yǔ)法?公式?

1.a+單數(shù)量詞+of+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

a set of keys一串鑰匙

a basket of eggs一籃子雞蛋

a group of children一群孩子

2.數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)量詞+of+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

four baskets of peaches 四籃子桃子

two boxes of matches兩盒火柴

two baskets of apples兩籃子蘋果

3.a+單數(shù)量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞

a piece of chalk一支粉筆

a bottle of water一瓶水

a bit of bread 一點(diǎn)面包

a cup of milk一杯牛奶

4.數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞

two glasses of milk兩杯牛奶

five bottles of water五瓶水

three cups of coffee 三杯咖啡

5.單數(shù)名詞詞尾+“ 's”表示所屬關(guān)系(名詞所有格的用法)

Tom's father湯姆的爸爸

the children' s toys兒童玩具

today' s newspaper今天的報(bào)紙

6、復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾(以 s結(jié)尾)加“ ' ”表示所屬關(guān)系,。

Jimmy's book(吉米的書(shū))

Jane's schoolbag(簡(jiǎn)的書(shū)包)

Children's Day (兒童的節(jié)日,、六一兒童節(jié))

the teachers' club教師俱樂(lè)部

someone else's wallet其他人的錢

the workers'rest room工人療養(yǎng)院

the students' dormitory學(xué)生宿舍

My parents' hometown 我父母的家鄉(xiāng)

7、A(+B..)+and +C+'s表示兩者或多者共同擁有,。

Professor Wang is Li Ming and Li Ling's mother. 王教授是李明和李玲的媽媽,。

Tom and Jack's room.湯姆和杰克的房間(共有一個(gè)房間)

8、A + 's( + B + 'S.)+ and + C + 's表示兩者或多者分別擁有,。

Tim's and Peter's fathers both teach in the same school. 蒂姆的爸爸和彼得的爸爸在同一所學(xué)校教學(xué),。

Tom's and Jack's rooms.湯姆的房間和杰克的房間(各人的房間)

9、“名詞+of+名詞”一般用于無(wú)生命事物的名詞所有格,,有時(shí)也可表示人或其他有生命事物的名詞間的所有關(guān)系,。

a map of China一張中國(guó)地圖

the door of the room房間的門

a picture of my family我的一張全家福

The windows of that house are broken.

那間屋子的窗戶破了。

△以下情況,,也可用's表示所有格,。

①表示時(shí)間,、距離和價(jià)格單位的名詞,單數(shù)加's,,復(fù)數(shù)加',。

a day's work 一天的工作

a year's salary 一年的薪資

ten years' time 十年的光陰

fifty miles journey 五十英里的行程

two miles' distance 兩英里的距離

million dollars' worth of ivory價(jià)值數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元的象牙

②表示交通工具的名詞,單數(shù)加's,,復(fù)數(shù)加',。

the ship's size 船的大小

the car's door. 汽車門

the plane's wings 飛機(jī)機(jī)翼

10、名詞+of+名詞的s所有格

I have only read four books of Dickens' .

我只看過(guò)狄更斯的四本書(shū),。

11,、“many等+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”

只修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)有a great many,quite a few等。

He made a great many mistakes.

他犯了許多錯(cuò)誤,。

12,、“much等+不可數(shù)名詞”只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)有a good/great deal of, a good/great/large amount of等。

We got little help from them.我們沒(méi)有從他們那兒得到什么幫助,。

13,、plenty of/lots of/a lot of/ quantities of/a quantity of等既可修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞,,表示 “很多的,,大量的”。

We had to save a lot of money before we could buy a house.我們當(dāng)時(shí)攢了很多錢才能買房,。

14,、a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

A square has four sides.正方形有四條邊。

a boy一個(gè)男孩

a desk一張桌子

an umbrella一把雨傘

An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一日一蘋果,,醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離我,。

15、the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

The tiger is without doubt the most magnificent of the big cats. 老虎無(wú)疑是大型貓科動(dòng)物中最威武的,。

16,、零冠詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞Plastic is hard to break up.塑料很難分解。

17,、a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指,、初次提到('一;每' 等意義)

He was born in a small mountainous village in Guizhou Province. 他出生在貴州省的一個(gè)小山村里,。

18,、“a/an+專有名詞”表示具有某種特性的人或物、某一個(gè)不認(rèn)識(shí)的人或不確定的時(shí)間,。

The story took place in an October in the 1980s.這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)80年代一個(gè)10月,。

19、“a/an+抽象名詞”:當(dāng)抽象名詞表示具體的人或事物,,或表示引起人們某種情緒,、情感的人或事時(shí),,視為可數(shù)名詞,可用不定冠詞修飾,。

Working with Jane is a great joy.

和簡(jiǎn)一起工作是一件很快樂(lè)的事情,。

20、“a/an+物質(zhì)名詞”(如 fog,rain,snow,wind等前面用不定冠詞),,表示'一……'之意,。

I'd like a coffee and a chicken sandwich, sir .

先生,我要一杯咖啡和一個(gè)雞肉三明治,。

21,、the的用法:“the+名詞”特指上文提到過(guò)的、特定的或談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物,。

I bought a new bike yesterday. The bike cost me eight hundred yuan.昨天我買了一輛新自行車,,這輛自行車花了我800元錢。

I visited a church in Jinan. The church was built in the early 1900s.我在濟(jì)南參觀了一座教堂,。這座教堂建于20世紀(jì)初,。

22~28、the 的用法

①the用在特定的人或物的名詞前,,表示特指,。

Who is the girl over there?那邊的女孩是誰(shuí),?

②用來(lái)指上文中已提到過(guò)或談話雙方都知道的人或事物,。

人There is a chair in the room. An old man is sitting on thechair.房間里有一把椅子,椅子上坐著一位老人,。

Give me the schoolbag,please.

③用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前以及普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前,。

the sun太陽(yáng)

the Mars火星

the moon月亮

the earth地球

the Great Wall長(zhǎng)城

the United States美國(guó)

the Pacific Ocean太平洋

the Tianshan Mountains天山山脈

④用在表示演奏的西洋樂(lè)器之前。

play the violin/piano/drums/guitar拉小提琴/彈鋼琴/敲鼓/彈吉他

注意:中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)樂(lè)器前不加the,。

注意:中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)樂(lè)器前可加the也可不加the,。

play (the)Erhu拉二胡

play (the) Pipe 彈琵琶

⑤the用于形容詞、副詞的最高級(jí)前,。

Tom is one of the tallest students in our class.湯姆是我們班最高的學(xué)生之一。

記:形容詞的最高級(jí)前用the,,副詞最高級(jí)前的the,可以省略,。如:

Tom runs(the)fastest in our school.

⑥用在序數(shù)詞或表示順序的其他詞前。

the first time(第一次)

the second one(第二個(gè))

All the students take five subjects in the first year.所有學(xué)生第一年要上五門課程,。

⑦“the+形容詞”或“the+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”表示一類事物,。

The rich/poor富人/窮人

The new is sure to replace the old.新事物一定會(huì)取代舊事物。

The dog is one of the cleverest animals in the world.狗是世界上最聰明的動(dòng)物之一,。

⑧用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前,,表示“全家人”或“夫婦倆”,。

The Blacks 布萊克一家

The Greens 格林一家

The Turners were having lunch when I got there.我到那里的時(shí)候,特納一家正在吃午飯,。

⑨用在next, last, same, only等詞前,。

—Are you the only child?你是獨(dú)生子嗎,?

—No. I have a sister.不是,,我有一個(gè)姐姐。

⑩用在一些固定短語(yǔ)中,。

around the world世界各地

do the dishes清洗餐具

go to the movies看電影

take the subway乘地鐵

in the countryside在鄉(xiāng)下,;在農(nóng)村

in the face of面對(duì)(問(wèn)題、困難等)

at the top of...在……頂部或頂端

in the end最后on the whole 大體上

【定冠詞the的用法口訣】

特指雙方熟悉,,上文已經(jīng)提及,。

世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二,方位名詞樂(lè)器,。

某些專有名詞,,外加復(fù)數(shù)姓氏。

序數(shù)詞最高級(jí),,習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)要特記,。

29、Such/what/half+a/an(+形容詞)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

He has never written such an interesting book as that.他從未寫過(guò)像那本書(shū)一樣那么有趣的書(shū),。

30,、that/as/so/too/how/enough+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞.

Lily is too young a child to be left by herself at home.莉莉還太小,不能把她單獨(dú)留在家里,。

31,、quite/rather+a/an(+形容詞)+名詞

I had quite/rather an easy test yesterday. 我昨天的考試很簡(jiǎn)單。

32,、
all/both/double/half/twice等+the+名詞,。

All the students in the class went out 班里所有的學(xué)生都出去了。

33~35,、人稱代詞的排列順序:

單數(shù)人稱二三一,,復(fù)數(shù)人稱一二三

33)“you+he/she+l”用于多個(gè)單數(shù)人稱并列的場(chǎng)合。

You and I have done our best

我和你都已經(jīng)盡全力了,。

34)“we+you+they ”用于多個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)人稱并列的場(chǎng)合,。

We,you and they are all Chinese.

我們、你們和他們都是中國(guó)人,。

35)“he +she”用于男,、女兩性并列的場(chǎng)合。

He and she don't agree with me.

他和她不同意我的看法。

36,、It+be/get+形容詞/名詞/介詞短語(yǔ).

it用作非人稱代詞時(shí),,常表示天氣、日期,、時(shí)間,、距離、溫度等,。

It gets colder and colder 天氣變得越來(lái)越冷,。

37、It+be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that..構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句,,強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語(yǔ),、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ),。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí),,that可以換成who,其他情況一律用that,。

It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我來(lái)到了這里我才意識(shí)到這個(gè)地方不僅以美景聞名,,而且它的天氣也很有名。

38,、It+be+形容詞(+for sb.)+to do sth. 做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是……的,。

It is very important for us to master the skills of puters.對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō),掌握計(jì)算機(jī)技能是非常重要的,。

39,、It+be+no use/no good + doing sth.意為“做.…是沒(méi)用的'(動(dòng)名詞是真正的主語(yǔ),it是形式主語(yǔ))

It is no good turning to him. He is always indifferent towards others' matters 向他求助沒(méi)用,,他對(duì)別人的事總是漠不關(guān)心,。

40、It+be+過(guò)去分詞+that 從句,。

在“ It + be + 過(guò)去分詞+ that 主語(yǔ)從句”句型中常見(jiàn)的過(guò)去分詞有:announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported,said, shown等,,常構(gòu)成下面句式.

①It is said that… 據(jù)說(shuō)……

It’s said that quite a few boys in your school like playing football in their spare time.聽(tīng)說(shuō)你們學(xué)校有不少男孩子喜歡在業(yè)余時(shí)間踢足球。

It is said that he's gone abroad. 據(jù)說(shuō)他已出國(guó)了,。

②It is believed that… 據(jù)說(shuō)……,,據(jù)信……

It is believed that the castle was built in the 16th century. 據(jù)信這座城堡建于16世紀(jì)。

③It is expected that… 據(jù)估計(jì)…,,預(yù)計(jì)……

It’s expected that the war would end soon. 預(yù)計(jì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不久即可結(jié)束,。It is expected that there will be a good harvest. 我們期望今年有個(gè)好收成。

④It is known that… 眾所周知…,,人們認(rèn)為……

It is well known that penguins live in the Antarctic. 企鵝生活在南極洲是眾所周知的,。

It is known that he is honest. 眾所周知,他是個(gè)老實(shí)人,。

⑤It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道……

It is reported that the waves are big today. 據(jù)報(bào)道,,今天浪大。It is reported that soon afterward it began to rain. 據(jù)說(shuō)之后不久就開(kāi)始下雨了,。It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon next year. 據(jù)報(bào)道,,明年會(huì)在月球上建一個(gè)空間站。

⑥It is suggested that … 有人建議(建議;據(jù)建議)……It is suggested that you spend more time in studying English. 你應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ).

⑦It is required that … 要求……It is required that every student ( should) wear a school uniform. 所有學(xué)生都要求穿校服,。

41,、It+be+名詞+不定式/that 從句。

此句型中常用的名詞有:a pity,,an honor,,a shame,a question, a good thing,,a fact,,a surprise,good news, one’s duty,,time等,。

It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week. 很遺憾,你錯(cuò)過(guò)了上周的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì),。

It is a question that who will hold the meeting.誰(shuí)來(lái)主持會(huì)議是個(gè)問(wèn)題,。

It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 英語(yǔ)正在被接受為一種國(guó)際語(yǔ)言,這是一個(gè)事實(shí),。

It is an honour for me to be invited to speak here.我很榮幸應(yīng)邀在這里講話,。

It is a surprise that the house was built on the top of the mountain. 那座房子建在山頂上,真令人驚奇,。

It is a wonder that he came here so early this morning. 他今天早晨到得這么早,,真是怪事。

It is no wonder that he should have succeeded. 他成功了,,這不足為奇,。

In a way, it is a good thing that you didn’t pass the exam, for you will realize your shortcoming.在某種程度上,你沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試是件好事,,因?yàn)槟銜?huì)意識(shí)到自己的缺點(diǎn),。

It is our duty that we should keep the room clean.保持房間清潔是我們的責(zé)任。

It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed.孩子們?cè)撍X(jué)了,。

It is the first time that I have been to Beijing this year.這是我今年第一次來(lái)北京,。

42、It+be+形容詞+that 從句

It is obvious that he doesn't know how to repair a car 很明顯,,他不知道怎樣修理汽車,。

43,、It+動(dòng)詞+that 從句

用于該句型的動(dòng)詞有appear,seem, happen等。

It appears that all the files have been deleted.所有的檔案好像都已經(jīng)被刪除了,。

44,、It+be+ (high) time.…

Now it is time for me to study hard. 現(xiàn)在是我努力學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候了。

45,、It+is/has been+時(shí)間段+since..主語(yǔ)連系

It is three months since they completed the great project. 他們完成這項(xiàng)大工程已經(jīng)3個(gè)月了,。

46、It+was/will be+時(shí)間段+before.(過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才…,;還要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才…)

It was several minutes before we realized what was happening .幾分鐘后我們才明白發(fā)生了什么事情,。

47、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+it+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

I thought it appropriate to invite her to speak at the meeting.我認(rèn)為邀請(qǐng)她在會(huì)上發(fā)言是合理的,。

48,、名詞+of+形容詞性物主代詞+own(完全屬于自己的;……自己的…)

There is only one success in the world——to be able to spend your life in your own way .世界上只有一種成功,,那就是能夠用自己的方式度過(guò)一生,。

49、one.….,the other.…(兩者中的一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……)

He has two sons. One is a doctor and the other is a soldier.他有兩個(gè)兒子,。一個(gè)是醫(yī)生,,另一個(gè)是軍人。

50,、some.…,others….(不確定范圍中的一些…….另一些.…)

Some boys are playing football, and others are playing basketball in the playground.操場(chǎng)一些男孩子在踢足球,,另外一些在打籃球。

51,、Some…….,the others.….(確定范圍中的一些……其余的全部……)

Of these students, some are from Peking University, and the others are from Tsinghua University.這些學(xué)生中,,一些來(lái)自北京大學(xué),其余的來(lái)自清華大學(xué),。

52,、one….another…..the other(三者以上中的 一個(gè)…… 一個(gè)…….另一個(gè)……)

The old man's three daughters are all abroad. One is in the US, another is in England and the other seems to be in France. 這位老人的三個(gè)女兒都在國(guó)外。一個(gè)在美國(guó),,一個(gè)在英國(guó),,另外一個(gè)好像在法國(guó)。

53,、(a) few/many(+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)(b) little/much(+不可數(shù)名詞)

I have got a few friends who live nearby. 我有幾個(gè)住在附近的朋友,。

54、“such+be..…”句型中be 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由其后的名詞或代詞決定,。

Such were her wishes.這就是她的愿望,。

55、none和no one的區(qū)別

1)對(duì)象不同

none:沒(méi)有一個(gè),。既可指人也可指物,。反義詞all.

no one:沒(méi)有人,。只能指人。

none,,一個(gè)都沒(méi)有,,強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量;no one不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量,。

2)謂語(yǔ)不同

none作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)均可,。如:None of these pens works/work.這些鋼筆沒(méi)有一支能用,。

no one作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù),。如:

No one knows the truth. 沒(méi)有人知道真相,。

3)用法不同

①none可接由of構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ);no one卻不能,。如:

None of us knew him.

No one likes him.

②none一般可用來(lái)回答:how many+名詞,、 how much+名詞以及含any+名詞引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。如:

-How many books are there on the desk?

-None.

no one用來(lái)回答“who,以及含 anyone/anybody”引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句,。

-Who is in the room?-No one.

56,、基數(shù)詞+
dozen/hundred/thousand/million+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(..…打/百/千/萬(wàn)..…)

There were about seven hundred students in the school building during the earthquake. 地震時(shí)教學(xué)樓里大約有700名學(xué)生。

The hall can hold 3000 people.這個(gè)大廳能容納3000人

57,、dozens/scores/hundreds/

thousands/millions +of +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(數(shù)十/百/千/百萬(wàn)……)

Hundreds of people came to Nanjing to attend Dao Lang's concert.成百上千的人來(lái)到南京參加刀朗的演唱會(huì).

She went to the bookstore and bought dozens of books. 她去書(shū)店買了幾十本書(shū),。

58~59、時(shí)間表達(dá)法

58,、如果所表述的時(shí)間恰好為半小時(shí),,可用【half + past + 小時(shí)】;

如果所表述的時(shí)間在半小時(shí)之內(nèi),,可以用【分鐘 + past + 小時(shí)】,;

所有的時(shí)間都可以用【小時(shí) + 分鐘】直接讀。

①11:30 (half past eleven)

2:30( half past two)

②6:10 (ten past six)

4:20( twenty past four)

10:25 (twenty-five past ten)

③6:10 (six ten)

8:30 (eight thirty)

2:40( two forty)

59,、如果所表述的時(shí)間超過(guò)了半小時(shí),,可用【(相差的)分鐘 + to + 下一小時(shí)】

10:35 (twenty-five to eleven)(11點(diǎn)差25分)

5:50( ten to six)(6點(diǎn)差10分)

9:49( eleven to ten)(10點(diǎn)差11分)

60、“at (the age of)+基數(shù)詞”('在….歲時(shí)'),,表示的是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),,常與一般時(shí)連用; by the age of(“到…歲時(shí)”),,表示的是一個(gè)時(shí)間段,,常與完成時(shí)連用;

①At (the age of) forty, he became the general manager of the pany. 他40歲時(shí),,成了公司的總經(jīng)理,。

②A man should be independent at the age of thirty.三十而立,。

③By the age of sixteen, he had learned to manage the company.到十六歲時(shí),他已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了管理公司,。

61,、a/an+名詞+aged+基數(shù)詞(一個(gè)……歲的)

He is an old man aged eighty.

= He is an eighty- year -old man.

他是一位80歲的老人。

62,、in one' s + 整十?dāng)?shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式 (在某人幾十多歲時(shí)),。

in one's fifties在某人五十多歲時(shí)

My mother became a professor in her thirties.我媽媽三十多歲時(shí)就成了一名教授。

63,、in+the+年數(shù)+s/'s(在.….世紀(jì)…年代)

This kind of hairstyle was very popular (in the 1990s/1990's).這種發(fā)型在20世紀(jì)90年代非常流行,。

64、倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as. (“.….是…的.…倍”)

The new stadium being built for the next Asia Games will be three times as big as the present one.正在為下一屆亞運(yùn)會(huì)修建的新體育場(chǎng)將是現(xiàn)在這個(gè)的三倍大,。

65,、倍數(shù)+the+名詞+of..(.…是…的…倍)

This street is twice/double the width of that one. 這條大街是那條街的兩倍寬。

66,、倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than..(為'.….是… 的….倍”)

This room is twice larger than yours.

這間房子的大小是你們那間的兩倍,。

67、形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than..+by+倍數(shù)(為'…… 是…….的….倍”)

This line is longer than that one by twice.

這條線是那條線的兩倍長(zhǎng),。

68,、the+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(第……);

the first book第一本書(shū)

a/an+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(另一個(gè),,再一個(gè))

In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language. 為了找一份更好的工作,,他決定再學(xué)一門外語(yǔ)

give me a second chance.再給我一次機(jī)會(huì)吧。

69,、時(shí)間介詞at,、on、in的用法,。

1)at多指時(shí)間點(diǎn)(鐘點(diǎn)),,或某個(gè)時(shí)刻(黎明、黃昏,、日出,、日落等)。例如:

at 6 o'clock( 在6點(diǎn))

at dawn (在黎明時(shí))

at sunset (在日落時(shí))

at the moment( 在此刻)

at present (在現(xiàn)在)

at that time (在那時(shí))

at也可以指一段時(shí)間(中午,、夜晚,、周末、節(jié)日等),。例如:

at noon (在中午)

at night (在夜晚)

at the weekend (在周末)

at Christmas (在圣誕節(jié)期間)

at還可以指年齡,。例如:

at my age( 在我的年紀(jì))

at the age of 18 (在18歲時(shí))

2)on常指具體的某一天(星期幾、具體日期,、具體某日等),。

on Sunday morning(在星期天的早上)

on a rainy night of August18(在8月18日的一個(gè)雨夜)

on Sunday (在星期天)

on the 24th of May (在5月24日)

on New Year's Day (在元旦)

3)in可以表示月份,、季節(jié)、年份,、年代,、世紀(jì)等。例如:

in April (在四月)

in summer( 在夏天)

in 2022 (在2022年)

in 1990's( 在20世紀(jì)90年代)

in the 21st century( 在21世紀(jì))

in還可以表示晝夜時(shí)間,。例如:

in the morning( 在早上)

in the afternoon (在下午)

in the evening (在晚上)

in the daytime (在白天)

70,、“for+表示時(shí)間段的名詞”:表示一個(gè)時(shí)間段,可用于完成時(shí),、過(guò)去時(shí),、將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中。

①I have lived in Shanghai for 5 years.我已經(jīng)在上海住了5年了,。(言外之意是現(xiàn)在還在住,往往還有可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)

②I practised playing basketball for 10 years,but after I got hurt, I had to quit.我練習(xí)打籃球已經(jīng)有10年了,,但是在我受傷后,,我不得不放棄。

③They have known each other for a long time.他們彼此認(rèn)識(shí)很久了,。

④I have studied English for three hours.我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)三個(gè)小時(shí)了,。

71、“after+表示時(shí)間段的名詞”:用于過(guò)去時(shí),,表示多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后,。

The old man left home in 1924 and came back after thirty years. 那位老人1924年離開(kāi)家,30年后才回來(lái),。

72,、on、over,、above,、up、beneath,、under,、below、down的用法,。

內(nèi)容圖片

1)on:在……上方,。某物直接位于另一物的上方,兩者之間有接觸,。

The book is on the table. 書(shū)放在桌子上,。

2)beneath:在……下方。某物直接位于另一物的下方,,兩者之間有接觸,。

The book is beneath the pillow. 書(shū)在枕頭下面,。

3)over:(垂直的)正上方。某物位于另一物的正上方,,兩者之間通常沒(méi)有接觸,。

The plane flew over our heads.飛機(jī)飛過(guò)頭頂。

4)under:(垂直的)正下方,。某物位于另一物的正下方,,兩者之間通常沒(méi)有接觸。

The car is under the bridge.汽車停在橋下,。

5)above:斜上方,。某物在另一物的斜上方,強(qiáng)調(diào)位置較高,。

The stars are above the clouds.

星星位于云層之上,。

6)below:斜下方。某物在另一物的斜下方,,強(qiáng)調(diào)位置較低,。

The valley is below the peak.

山谷在山峰之下。

7)up:表示向上移動(dòng)或朝向更高位置的動(dòng)作,。

Raise your arms up.舉起手臂,。

8)down:表示向下移動(dòng)或朝向更低位置的動(dòng)作。Please sit down.請(qǐng)坐下,。

73,、through/across/past/over+名詞意為“穿過(guò)/經(jīng)過(guò)/跨過(guò)某地”。

內(nèi)容圖片

1)past從......旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)

We drove past the house.

我們開(kāi)車經(jīng)過(guò)那座房子,。

2)across從物體表面橫過(guò)

She walked across the street.

她步行穿過(guò)街道,。

3)through從物體內(nèi)部穿過(guò)

The train run full speed through the tunnel.

火車飛速穿過(guò)隧道。

4)over從物體上方越過(guò)或跨過(guò)

We went over the river in a boat.

我們坐船過(guò)河,。

74,、between/among+名詞:“在…之間”

1)between 意為“在 兩者之間”

There is a fence between the two gardens. 兩個(gè)花園之間有一道柵欄。

What’s the difference between cheetahs and leopards? 獵豹和花豹有何不同呢,?

2)among 意為“在 (三者或三者以上的人或事物) 之中”,。

He saw a familiar face among the crowd. 他在人群中看見(jiàn)了一張熟悉的面孔。

75,、except/besides/except for+名詞意為“除了… 之外”,。

1)besides除了… 之外 (包括…)

2)except 除了… 之外 (不包括…)

Yesterday they went to the cinema besides Tom. = Yesterday they went to the cinema. Tom went there ,too.

Yesterday they went to the cinema except Tom. = Yesterday they went to the cinema, but Tom didn’t go there.

3)except for = not including / without 除了…之外;要不是…,;只是…

△except 和except for 都有“除了…”的意思,,但是在用法上有區(qū)別,except常常指從整體里排除個(gè)體,except for 表示對(duì)整體主要部分加以肯定外,,仍有部分不應(yīng)肯定,。

①We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.

②The composition is good except for the spelling.

76、介詞 by,with,in,on表示方式的用法

①【by 】 “用/通過(guò)......手段或方式”或“乘坐/憑借.......的交通工具”,。

He makes a living by writing novels.

I study English by practicing speaking it every day.

People across the world can travel by plane.

He goes to school by bus.

②【with 】 “用......(工具/人體部位)”

He writes with a pen.

We can cut things with a knife.

We eat with our mouths.

We listen with our ears.

③【in 】 “ 用......(語(yǔ)言/聲音/物質(zhì)材料)”

Can you sing the song in English?

Please say it in a loud voice.

We can write it in ink but we can’t write it in pencil.

④【on】 “用/通過(guò)......(電器或媒介)” “在......(電器或媒介)上”

I often watch football games on TV but my father watches them on the Internet.

小結(jié):

by+ doing/交通工具

with+工具/人體部位

in+語(yǔ)言/聲音/物質(zhì)材料

on+電器或媒介

77,、be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事

We' re busy (in) doing homework after school every day 我們每天放學(xué)后都忙于做作業(yè)。

78,、have
difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth.意為“做某事有困難/麻煩/問(wèn)題”,。

I have difficulty in learning English grammar.(我在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法方面有困難。)

Do you have trouble(in)finding the house? 你找房子有困難嗎,?

I have some trouble (in) working out this problem. 解出這道題我有些困難,。

79、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)stop/keep/prevent + sb + from doing sth.(阻止某人干某事)

①We must stop him (from) going to swim in the river. 我們必須阻止他去河里游泳,。

You must stop your father (from) smoking in public. 你一定要阻止你的父親在公共場(chǎng)合吸煙,。②My mother keeps me from playing computer games.媽媽不讓我玩電腦游戲。

注意:keep sb from doing sth中的from不可省略,。記:keep doing sth.(意思是“保持/繼續(xù)做某事”,,一般表示的是一直保持或繼續(xù)做同一件事,不間斷),;而keep on doing sth.(意思是“繼續(xù)做某事,,反復(fù)做某事”,,也強(qiáng)調(diào)某人做某事的決心,, 其中間有間斷,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在時(shí)間上的間隔性和動(dòng)作上的反復(fù)性,。在時(shí)間上如果表示將來(lái)或今后繼續(xù)做某事,,我們一般用keep on doing sth.):

【例句1】I have kept learning English for 10 years. 我已經(jīng)堅(jiān)持學(xué)英語(yǔ)10年了。(表示這10年的時(shí)間里,,沒(méi)有停止過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ),,表示在時(shí)間上的連貫性。)

【例句2】I can keep on learning English when I go back to China. 我回到中國(guó)后可以繼續(xù)學(xué)英語(yǔ),。(表示學(xué)英語(yǔ)的反復(fù)性,,)

③The traffic jam(交通堵塞)prevented him (from) arriving at the airport on time.

80、“be+of+名詞”的用法詳解

1)“be+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的具體用法

①“be+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于其中名詞所對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞的意思,,該結(jié)構(gòu)常用的名詞有
use/importance/value/interest/benefit等,。

I don’t want to hear what you are saying.It is of no interest to me.我不想聽(tīng)你說(shuō),我對(duì)此不感興趣,。(be of no interest=be not interesting)

Doing morning exercise will be of benefit to your health.做早操對(duì)你的健康有利,。 (be of benefit=be beneficial)

Coal is of great importance to the development of industry.煤對(duì)工業(yè)發(fā)展是相當(dāng)重要的。(be of great importance=be very important)

②“be+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞表種類,、數(shù)量,、度量等時(shí),,表示不同的人或物的共同特征,此時(shí)名詞前通常帶有冠詞,。常用的名詞有size/age/type/price/depth等,。

We are of the same age.我們同歲。

The twin sisters are of a size and the skirt fits each of them exactly.雙胞胎姐妹的身材一樣,,這件裙子兩個(gè)人穿都非常合適,。

Machines are of different types and sizes.機(jī)器有不同的型號(hào)和規(guī)格。

③“be+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示主語(yǔ)的根源關(guān)系,,此時(shí)的名詞多是表示親屬,、血統(tǒng)、種族,、國(guó)籍及出處的名詞,。常用的名詞有family/blood/race/origin等。

We are of the same blood.我們是同一家族,。 They are of noble race.他們出身名門,。

2)“(be)+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能

①作表語(yǔ)。

Don’t throw anything that may be of use.不要把任何有用的東西扔掉,。(=Don’t throw anything that may be useful.)

Flowers are of many colors.花的顏色很多,。

French wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.法國(guó)葡萄酒質(zhì)量很高,銷往世界各地,。

②作定語(yǔ)

Your sister is a girl of wisdom.你妹妹是一位有智慧的女孩,。(=Your sister is a wise girl.)

We don’t think there is anything of interest in your pictures.我們認(rèn)為你的畫(huà)并沒(méi)有什么有趣的地方。(=We don’t think there is anything interesting in your pictures.)

③賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

He found himself of absolutely contradictory points of view.她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于完全矛盾的觀點(diǎn)之中,。

81,、(for+)時(shí)間段/距離:for多用于某些表示時(shí)間段的短語(yǔ)前或last, stay, wait, live及表示“位移”意義的動(dòng)詞后,?!癴or + 時(shí)間段”只表示“一段時(shí)間”,可以對(duì)應(yīng)各種不同的時(shí)態(tài)

The meeting lasted (for) three hours.會(huì)議持續(xù)了3個(gè)小時(shí),。(一般過(guò)去時(shí))

I studied in English for a year.我在英國(guó)讀過(guò)一年書(shū),。(一般過(guò)去時(shí))

I had studied in England for a year before I went to US.在我去美國(guó)之前,我在英國(guó)讀過(guò)一年書(shū),。(過(guò)去完成時(shí))

I have studied in England for a year.我已經(jīng)在英國(guó)讀一年書(shū)了,。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

I will study in England for a year.我將要去英國(guó)讀一年書(shū)。(一般將來(lái)時(shí))

82,、or的用法

①or通常用于否定句表示“和,,與”之意。

There is no air or water in the moon.月亮上沒(méi)有空氣和水。

② or用在選擇疑問(wèn)句中,,意為“或者,,還是”。

Is he a doctor or a teacher? 他是醫(yī)生還是教師?

Did you do your homework or watch TV last night?你昨晚做作業(yè)還是看電視了?

Are they singing or reading English? 他們是在唱歌還是在讀英語(yǔ)?

③or在句型“祈使句+or+陳述句”中,,表示在以祈使句為條件下的相反假設(shè),,or意為“否則,要不然”

Work hard,or you will fall behind.你要努力學(xué)習(xí),,否則會(huì)落后,。

I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam. 我要努力學(xué)習(xí),否則考試要不及格了,。

④either…or?意思為'或者……或者……',。注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主謂一致采用就近原則。

Either you or I am right. 不是你對(duì),,就是我對(duì),。

⑤ or在“either…or…”結(jié)構(gòu)中,意為“要么……要么……”,。連結(jié)的并列成份可在句中作主語(yǔ),、表語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ),、賓語(yǔ)等,。

Either she or I am right.不是她對(duì)就是我對(duì)。(連接主語(yǔ))

The shoes in the shop were either too big or too small for me. 店里的鞋對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)不是太大就是太小(連接表語(yǔ))

He either does his homework or watches TV on Sundays.他星期天要么做作業(yè),,要么看電視,。(連接謂語(yǔ))

We play either football or basketball in the afternoon.下午我們不是踢足球就是打籃球。(連接賓語(yǔ))

⑥or表示不確切,、模糊的陳述,。

This story happened five or six years ago. 這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在四,、五年前,。

Is the street straight? More or less. 這棵樹(shù)直嗎?差不多。

She will find that she was wrong sooner or later.她遲早會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)她是錯(cuò)的

83,、Althoug/even though/though,,這些詞都有 “雖然、盡管” 的意思,,它們后面都不能加 but,,但可以加still。

although/even though/though 的區(qū)別只在于位置:although 放在開(kāi)頭,,but 放在中間,,though 后面。

although 可以用于過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在,,也可以用于將來(lái)時(shí),。

①Although I am very tired, I am still gonna go to the party. 雖然我很累,我還是要去參加派對(duì),。

②I was very tired, but I went to the party.

我很累,,但我還是去參加派對(duì)了。

③I am very tired, I am still going to go to the party, though. 我很累,,但我還是要去參加派對(duì),。(though 如果放在中間,聽(tīng)起來(lái)就很正式甚至帶有一些詩(shī)意,。)

④Although it will rain, my son still needs to go to his soccer practice. 盡管會(huì)下雨,,我兒子還是要去足球訓(xùn)練的。

84,、while /wa?l/:在……期間,;盡管

While I was working, my son was sleeping. 我在工作的時(shí)候,我兒子在睡覺(jué),。

While he is competent, he is not outstanding. 盡管他很能干,,但他并不出色。

85,、even though(盡管) 后面跟的是事實(shí), even if (即使)后面是假設(shè),。

The football game will go on, even if it rains. 即使下雨,足球比賽也會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,。Even though it's raining , the game has been continued. 盡管下著雨,,比賽還是繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。

86,、not….but….意為“不是……而是….”,。

Not money but teachers are what we need. 我們需要的不是錢,而是老師,。

87,、both….and….意為“既……又.……”;“….和….',。

He can both write songs and pose music.

他既會(huì)寫歌,,又會(huì)作曲。

88,、either...or.…意為“不是….就是……”,;“要么…要么……”。

You can talk with Mr Black either in English or in Chinese.你可以跟布萊克先生用英文或中文談話,。

89,、not only...but (also).意為'不但……而且……',。

He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read. 他不僅看過(guò)這本書(shū),而且還記得他看過(guò)的內(nèi)容,。

90,、neither..nor意為“….和……(兩者)都不'。

She likes neither butter nor cheese.

她既不喜歡黃油也不喜歡奶酪,。

91,、“ for+句子”意為“……. 因?yàn)椤?

The leaves of the trees are falling, for it already autumn .樹(shù)葉在飄落,因?yàn)榍锾煲呀?jīng)到了,。

92,、復(fù)合不定代詞+形容詞,形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)要后置,。

something interesting有趣的事情

nothing special沒(méi)什么特別的

93,、名詞+形容詞短語(yǔ),形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)需后置,。

Australia is a country famous for its beautiful scenery. 澳大利亞是一個(gè)以風(fēng)景秀麗聞名的國(guó)家,。

94、名詞+形容詞+and/or+形容詞兩個(gè)意義相近或相反的形容詞用and,,or等連詞連接作定語(yǔ)時(shí),,常需要后置。

People in the village, young and old, went to see the film yesterday evening這個(gè)村子里的老老少少昨天晚上都去看這場(chǎng)電影了,。

95,、名詞+基數(shù)詞+時(shí)間、度量類名詞+形容詞'基數(shù)詞+ 時(shí)間,、度量類名詞+形容詞”作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)要后置,。

Yesterda, a Mr Brown thirty years old, came to visit you .昨天一位30歲、叫布朗的先生來(lái)拜訪過(guò)你,。

96,、(限定詞+)觀點(diǎn)形容詞+大小、形狀詞+新舊,、長(zhǎng)幼詞+顏色形容詞+產(chǎn)地,、來(lái)源詞+材料、種類詞+用途詞(+名詞) ,。

巧記:縣官形令色國(guó)材類

縣:限定詞(the,,?my,,?a,,?this…)

官:表示觀點(diǎn)的形容詞,即描繪性形容詞(brave,,?beautiful,,?lovely,,?nice…?)

形:指形狀、大小,、高低,、長(zhǎng)短等形容詞(round,square,,big,,large,small…?)

令:年齡大小,、新舊,、年代等(young,old,,new…?)

色:顏色(red,,blue,green…)

國(guó):國(guó)籍,、地區(qū),、出處(Chinese,America,,Japanese…?)

材:物質(zhì)材料的形容詞(golden,,wooden,wax…?)

類:表示類別,、用途(medical,,chemical,writing…?)

a tall gray building一幢灰色的高樓

that square new red box那個(gè)新的紅色方形盒

A?pretty?little?square?old?black?Japanese?wooden?writing?desk.一個(gè)舊的很漂亮的黑色的日本式的方形木制小寫字桌,。

A?beautiful?short?new?red?Chinese woollen?coat.一件漂亮的中式新的短裝紅羊毛外套,。

a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket.一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮夾克衫

an old large brick dining hall 一個(gè)舊的紅磚砌的大餐廳

口訣法:“美小圓舊黃,中國(guó)木書(shū)房”

注:“美”代表“描述或性質(zhì)類”形容詞,;“小”代表“大小,、長(zhǎng)短、高低,、胖瘦類” 形容詞,;“圓”代表“形狀類” 形容詞;“舊”代表“新舊,、年齡類” 形容詞,;“黃”代表“顏色類” 形容詞;“中國(guó)”代表“來(lái)源,、國(guó)籍,、地區(qū)、出處類” 形容詞,;“木”代表“物質(zhì),、材料,、質(zhì)地類” 形容詞;“書(shū)”代表“用途,、類別,、功能、作用類” 形容詞,;“房”代表“中心名詞”,。

A beautiful small round old yellow Chinese wooden study.一間古老的很漂亮的黃色的中國(guó)式圓形的木制的小書(shū)房。

A?pretty?little?square?old?black?Japanese?wooden?writing?desk一個(gè)舊的很漂亮的黑色的日本式的方形木制小寫字桌

97,、…as+形容詞原級(jí)+as意為'….和……一樣………”,。

This table is as clean as that one.這張桌子和那張一樣干凈。

98,、….not as/so+形容詞原級(jí)+as.(意為“……不像…… 一樣……',。)

She is not as/so happy as she pretends.她并不像她假裝得那么高興。

99,、as+形容詞原級(jí)+不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+as. (意為“……和……一樣……',。)

I have as many books as Tom.我和湯姆的書(shū)一樣多。

There are not as many books as there were. 現(xiàn)在書(shū)沒(méi)有過(guò)去多了,。

100,、as+形容詞原級(jí)+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+as.…(….和………一樣.…)

Most doctors think that medicine is as much an art as it is a science. 多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為醫(yī)學(xué)既是一門科學(xué)又是一門藝術(shù)。

He is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人,。

I have as good a voice as you. 我的聲音和你一樣好,。

101、had better do sth.最好做某事

You had better get it down.你最好把它取下來(lái),。

You had better practice speaking English face to face.你們最好面對(duì)面地練習(xí)講英語(yǔ),。

102、as…as possible =as…as one can (“盡量”“盡可能”“拼命地”)

I want it (to be) done as quickly as possible. 我希望這件事盡快做好,。

Explain it as simply as you can. 盡可能簡(jiǎn)單地解釋一下,。

The children streaked off down the street as fast as they could. 孩子們拼命地沿街飛跑。

103,、used to do sth.過(guò)去(以前)常?!?/span>

I used to spend so much time on computer games that I lost interest in study.我以前在電腦游戲上花費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間以至于我在學(xué)習(xí)上失去了興趣。

I used to play football after school.過(guò)去我常常在放學(xué)后踢足球,。

I used to call on my friends.我過(guò)去常常拜訪我的朋友,。

He used to go swimming in the lake instead of in an indoor swimming pool.他過(guò)去常常到湖里游泳,而不是去游泳館游泳

104,、be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于……

He is used to living in the country now.他現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣了住在農(nóng)村,。

I am used to getting up early every morning.我習(xí)慣每天早起

105、be used to do sth.(是use'使用'的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),,意思是“被用來(lái)做……)

Wood can be used to make paper.木頭可以用來(lái)造紙,。

This knife can be used to cut things.這把刀能夠被用于切東西,。

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