撿起,，挑選, 接某人pick up 挑選pick out =recognize　　make a noise 制造噪音 =din

震驚 be shocked=amazed =surprised (at)

怕 be in fear= frightened / afraid (of)

滿意be satisfied with =pleased

悲He was painful (in pain) =sad =unhappy

應(yīng)該做某事.. be supposed to do sth =should =ought to

樂(lè)He was cheerful =happy =delighted= pleased

玩得高興have fun = have a good time = enjoy oneself have fun doing sth

裝扮,、打扮dress up 給(某人)穿衣服dress sb (in)

穿著、戴著(表狀態(tài))wear 穿上(表動(dòng)作put on

bring 拿來(lái) take 帶走 carry 攜帶,，搭乘,，運(yùn)載，抬 fetch 取回=get

achieve =get / come true

I believe I will achieve my dream one day.

= I believe my dream will come true one day.

出現(xiàn),、出席show up=be present at…=turn up 熬夜stay up

at times = sometimes有時(shí) sometime 某時(shí) in time on time

some times幾次,，幾倍 =a few=several some time 一段時(shí)間

for the time being=at present目前 =now one at a time 一次

at one time=once曾經(jīng) for a time = moment

It's time for you to do it. =It's _____ ____ to do it.

take turns to do sth.=do sth. in turns 輪流做某事

the best way to do sth做某事的最好方法

be famous for 因……而出名 (跟出名的原因) be famous as以……而出名　　(跟職業(yè)/身份/地位)well-known = famous

想做某事：want to do sth. = would like to do sth. feel like doing sth.

….much too + adj =very=a most beautiful girl =terribly=quite=rather=fairly

=not …a little =pretty (相當(dāng))

太多….too much +不可數(shù)n too many + 可數(shù)n

by the way順便說(shuō)一下 in the way妨礙、擋路 on the way在途中

以這種方式(方法)in this way =by this means =with this method

Show (=tell) me the way to the shop

總是,，一直all the time =always 仍然,、還是all the same=still

How is the weather today?= What’s the weather like today?

有點(diǎn)兒a little = a bit =a little bit= kind of

What’s the matter= What’s the trouble?=What’s wrong? (with)=What’s up?

Which is the way to…? How can I get to the …? Is there a … near here?

Can you tell me the way to the …? =show =nearby

He wasn not in =absent (from) Be in =wear =join =be at home

What good news / weather / information / work!

what else：別的什么 easily enough a house nearby the things alike

The living people= The people alive something wrong nothing serious

have to ：不得不=be forced to do = must = be sure to

in fact=actually=as a matter of fact：事實(shí)上;實(shí)際上 =really =truly

agree with sb.：同意某人意見(jiàn) =agree with what one says

agree sb. to do sth.同意某人做某事 He nods =agree

He has the same idea as mine= He agree with me.

don’t mind(=care)/like：+doing不介意/喜歡 care about關(guān)心

care for=like =go in for=be keen on =enjoy=prefer=(be fond of)

常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：keep, mind, finish, enjoy, practice, advise.其他重要的動(dòng)詞：

suggest：Jenny suggested leaving for Paris this afternoon.

(珍妮建議今天下午動(dòng)身去巴黎。)

只能跟ing形式 miss(What a miss doing sth.)：He missed winning the first prize.(他錯(cuò)過(guò)獲得第一名的機(jī)會(huì),。)

escape: escape being punished(逃避被懲罰)

admit: The thief admitted stealing the purse.(小偷承認(rèn)偷了錢(qián)包,。)

risk: risk travelling to the unknown(冒險(xiǎn)去沒(méi)開(kāi)發(fā)地帶旅行)

ask for要求得到、要求見(jiàn)到=request Call for =require=need 需要

used to do sth. 過(guò)去經(jīng)?！?/ be (get) used to (doing) sth.習(xí)慣于… / be used to do sth. / be used for doing sth.被用來(lái)做…

fall (fell/ fallen) down from…= fall off…從…摔下來(lái) /fall over向前摔倒

fall into…跌進(jìn)… feel (felt / felt) drop =go down= fall rise=go up=stand up

raise = put up one’s hand = lift = bring up養(yǎng)大= come up with提出

how to deal with …/ what to do with… 怎樣處理…

◆perhaps / maybe . probably Maybe she is at home. = She may be at home.

save (v.) 儲(chǔ)蓄,節(jié)省, 挽救 save time / money save one’s life

own (vt.) =have owner(s) (n.)

I own the book.

=I am the owner of the book.=The book is mine= The book belongs to me.

on one’s own = (all) by oneself = alone

(adj.) my own book / a book of my own

make a deal作成交易 make a face做鬼臉 make friends with與……交朋友

make one’s living維持生活 make one’s way to前往某處 make use of利用

make a fool of捉弄，使出洋相 =make fun of

make jokes about =play jokes (=tricks)on =make fun of取笑

make a note (notes) of注意,，記下來(lái)=write down=take down

make…into把……作成,，使變成 sth. be made into

make it成功，到達(dá)某處 succeed in doing sth = be successful in

make room騰出地方for =space leave room留出地方for

make up編造 be made up of = consist of

be made of be made from be made in be made by

make breakfast, make dinner, make tea do some cooking 做飯

make a list of 列出清單 make sb do be made to do make sth done

all over (=around/across) the world全世界,，世界各地

a year or two 一兩年=one or two years; a day or two=one or two days一兩天an hour or two=one or two hours一兩個(gè)小時(shí)

move somewhere= move to somewhere搬到(不具體的)某一地方

at the age of…在……年齡時(shí) = when sb was …years old

take part in參加,、加入 =join the club

=attend the meeting

all day = all day long 整天 all night = all night long整夜

in (不用under) the sun在陽(yáng)光下 with(不用under) the help of=with one’s help

in the rain在雨中 in the dark在黑暗中 in the snow在雪中

at the beginning of…在..開(kāi)始的時(shí)候 at first = first of all

at the end of…在……結(jié)束的時(shí)候，在……的盡頭 in the end= finally

take photos=take a photo=take pictures=take a picture照相

it’s easy to do sth. 做某事容易 =simple

it’s hard to do sth. 做某事難 =difficult

It’s essential to do sth. 做某事必要 =necessary

It’s helpful to do sth =useful

It’s nice of you =kind He is kind =friendly

It’s a fine day =nice He is fine. =well

put up舉起,，抬起,，掛起,，張貼，建造; put on穿上,，戴上,，上演(戲劇);

put down=write down=copy down 寫(xiě)下來(lái);put out 伸出，撲滅;

put away 收起來(lái),，收好; put off推遲;

put one’s heart into…全神貫注于……,全身心投入…

go to lots of parties經(jīng)常參加聚會(huì) =often go to the party

try to do sth. 努力(企圖)做某事 try doing sth.試著做某事

try one’ best to do sth. 盡力做某事

Please keep quiet! 請(qǐng)保持安靜 =remain calm

keep+形容詞表示“保持某種狀態(tài)”

keep+(sb.)+doing 表示“(使某人)不停地做某事”

keep sth. 保存某物

use sth. to do sth.=do sth.. with sth. 使用…做…

區(qū)別:use…for… use…as…

給某人打電話的幾種說(shuō)法：call (up) = phone = ring

call sb. up, call sb. phone sb., phone to sb.

telephone sb. telephone to sb. phone sb. up,ring sb.

give sb. a ring, give sb. a phone

with the name= called = named call for=require=need

the number of….的數(shù)量,，謂語(yǔ)是單數(shù) a number of=many 許多

number前可用large(=huge=big), great, small (=tiny)修飾其謂語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)

become a member of =be in=join

have a large / small population of 人口不能用:many/much/a few /a little

what is the population? 不能用: how many/how much

doing sth. takes sb. Some time/ money =It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.

=sb. spends some time/money (on sth.)

=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.

=sth. costs sb. some time/money

=sb. pay some money for sth.

take the subway 乘地鐵 ride a bike 騎自行車(chē) take the bus乘公共汽車(chē)

take the train乘火車(chē) take a taxi乘坐出租車(chē) go in a parent’s car 坐父母的車(chē)

He went there by bus. =He a bus there

He went there by bike. =He a bike there

He went there by car. =He a car there

He went there by air . =He there

He went there on foot. =He there

He went by the shop. He went across the street.

He went into the classroom. He went down the street.

He went back there. My dog goes after me to school.

區(qū)別older / elder與farther / further

older(年齡較老的)

elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)

My ______ brother is ______ than me.

farther (指距離“較遠(yuǎn)的”)

further(指抽象事物的“更進(jìn)一步的”)

He went abroad for ________ studies.

Tom is _________ from our school than Alice.

表示“是……幾倍”時(shí)用“twice; three times等 + as…as”

This book costs twice as much as that one. 這本書(shū)的價(jià)錢(qián)是那本書(shū)的兩倍。

表示二者相差多少用 “具體數(shù)量 + 比較級(jí)”

My brother is two years older than me.

= My brother is two years as old as me.

= My brother is older than me by two years.

not as / so… as = less than 不及;不如

This book isn’t as interesting as that one

= This book is ___ ________ _____ that one

比較級(jí)：兩者進(jìn)行比較(常與than/or連用)

I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的蘋(píng)果多,。

Which is more interesting, this one or that one?

最高級(jí)：三者(或三者以上)進(jìn)行比較(常與表范圍的in , of短語(yǔ)連用)

( 注意：of + 個(gè)體名詞單數(shù) in + 集合名詞 )

He runs fastest in our class.

He is the tallest of the three boys.

Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?

表并列關(guān)系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等,。

表選擇關(guān)系的or, either…or等。

表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, while(然而)等,。

表因果關(guān)系的because,for, so等,。

and: “和”在肯定句中表并列 另外：1)or “或者”用于選擇疑問(wèn)句

or: “和”在否定句中表并列 2)or “否則”

①.Which do you like better, tea or milk?

②.Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.

but “但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折: 注意：1)though(雖然), but(但是)不能連用

2)not … but 不是…而是

I listened, but I heard nothing. =I listened, however, I heard nothing.

=Though I listened, I heard nothing.

=didn’t hear anything.

This book isn’t mine but yours. =This book is yours mine.

both… and : 既…又(連接主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù))

neither…nor: 既不…也不 連接兩主

either…or: 或者…或者 語(yǔ)后者決

not only … but also:不但…而且 定單、復(fù)

Both he and I are students.

Neither he nor I am a student.

1.Help others whenever you can _____ you’ll make the world a nicer place to live.

A. and B. or C. unless D. but

2.______ scientists have done a lot of research on A (H1N1) flu, there are still some cases for further study.

A. As B. Once C. If D. Although

3.---Did you call Sara back?

---I didn’t need to, ______ we’ll have a meeting together tonight.

A. though B. unless C. because D. if

4.______ they may not succeed, they will try their best.

A. Though B. When C. Because D. Unless

5.He will come here right away __________ he hears the news.

A. so B. as soon as C. because D. though

in , on , to表方位

in(范圍內(nèi));on(范圍外且接壤);to(范圍外但不接壤),。

Taiwan is _____ the southeast of China.

Hubei is _____ the north of Hunan.

Japan is _____ the east of China.

cross: 動(dòng)詞“跨過(guò),，越過(guò)”=go across

across: (表面)跨過(guò)

through: (內(nèi)部)穿過(guò)，貫穿 介詞

Can you swim _____ the river?

The road runs _____ the forest.

_____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.

in + 時(shí)間段：與將來(lái)時(shí)連用

after + 時(shí)間段：與過(guò)去時(shí)連用

但after + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)：可與將來(lái)時(shí)連用,。

I’ll leave _______ three o’clock.. That is, I’ll leave ________ about ten minutes.

They left _______ two weeks.

in the tree(外加在樹(shù)上的事物)

on the tree(樹(shù)上自身具有的花,、果、葉等)

in the wall(鑲嵌在墻內(nèi)部的事物)

on the wall(墻表面的事物)

There is a map ___ the wall

There are four windows ___ the wall.

by bike / bus / car / ship (單數(shù)且無(wú)冠詞)

但當(dāng)這些交通工具名詞前有其它修飾詞時(shí),，則應(yīng)使用相應(yīng)的介詞,。

by bike = on a(the; his) bike by car = in a(the ; her) car

on: 在…(表面)上——接觸

over: 在…的正上方

above: 在…的斜上方 未接觸

The moon rose ______ the hill.

There is a bridge _____ the river.

There is a book ______ the desk.

between: 在(兩者)之間

among :在(三者以上)之間

Tom sits ________Lucy and Lily.

on與about : 關(guān)于

on用于較正式的演講、學(xué)術(shù),、書(shū)籍等

about用于非正式的談話或隨便提及

He gave a talk ____ the history of the Party

in front of :在…前面/方(范圍外)= before

in / at the front of:在……前部(范圍內(nèi))

There is a big tree _______ of the classroom.

A driver drives _________ of the bus. 　　類(lèi)似區(qū)別：at the back of與behind

with和in: 表示“用”:

with: 指“用工具,、手、口等”

in: 指“用語(yǔ)言,、話語(yǔ),、聲音等”

Please write the letter ____ a pen.

Please speak ____ a loud voice.

on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for: 動(dòng)身前往某地

一些固定搭配：listen to , laugh at, get to, look for; wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。

介詞與名詞的搭配:on time, in time, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等,。

介詞與形容詞的搭配:be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等,。

We're all going to the games, why don't you come _______.代入

A.up B.across C.along D.to

Some students often listen to music ____ classes to refresh themselves.陷阱反應(yīng)

A.between B.among C.over D.during

--It is said that a new zoo will be built in our town.

---I’m ___________it. Zoos are terrible for animals.

A. through B. besides C. against D. except

Look, Tina is waiting _________ the bus stop.

A. for B. at C. in D. to

We must take care of the baby. Take good care of

→The baby must be taken care of. =Look after well

The boss made the workers work 12 hours.

→The workers made 12 hours.

My bike needs to be mended.

→My bike .

Lesson 5 = the fifth lesson three fifteen = a quarter past three.

分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)：one third 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二

注意：1.分子超過(guò)1時(shí)，分母加s

2.含分?jǐn)?shù)的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)由分?jǐn)?shù)后的詞決定謂語(yǔ)

One third of the students are girls.

一二三,，特殊記;詞尾分別tdd：one—first two—second three—third

八去t ,，九去e ;ve則以f替： eight—eighth nine—ninth twelve—twelfth

ty 則變作 ti ; 后面還有一個(gè)e： twenty—twentieth

要是遇到幾十幾;只將個(gè)位變成序：twenty-one –-twenty-first

1.---There are sixty students in our class. And ______ of us are boys.

---Wow! You have forty girls!

A. one fourth B. one third C. two fifths D. two thirds

2.A new study proves a_____ walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fat.

A.30-minute B.30 minute’s C.30-minutes D. 30 minutes

3.Today is my mother’s ________ birthday. I will buy her a gift.

A. fourteen B. fourteenth C. forty D. fortieth

4.---How long will Philip stay here?

---Two ______ weeks till he lives. (many)

5.Today is my mother’s ________ birthday. I will buy her a gift. (forty)

當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是指客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理,、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí),，則只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

She said (that) the sun rises in the east.

此類(lèi)賓從的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)(或賓語(yǔ))相同時(shí),，可替換為“疑問(wèn)詞 + to do”

①.I haven’t decided where I will go what to do

=I haven’t decided where to go = what I can /should do

②.He asked me what I bought we,he,she,they

= He asked me what to buy.

“so… that +否定句”與“too… to”的替換:

1)He is young he go to school.

= He is too young to go to school(主,、從句主語(yǔ)相同)

2)He ran fast that we catch up with .

= He ran so fast that us to catch up with. (主,、從句主語(yǔ)不同)

3)The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it

= The box is heavy me to carry.(注意carry后省去賓語(yǔ)it)

“so… that +從句”與“enough to”的替換:

1)He’s so weak that he can’t carry the box.

= He’s to carry the box.

2)The question is so easy that I can answer it

=The question is me to answer.

用whether不用if的幾種情況

后接不定式: I can’t decide (A.whether B.if ) to go to Beijing.

接or / or not: want to know (A.whether B.if ) you will go to the park or not.

定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞(關(guān)系詞)：位于從句與先行詞之間，起連接作用,，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分,。先行詞分兩類(lèi)：

1.關(guān)系代詞 who(作主語(yǔ)), whom(作賓語(yǔ)), whose(作定語(yǔ)), which(作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)), that(作主語(yǔ),、賓語(yǔ)).

2.關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why.

注意：1.如果關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略.

The trees (that) we have planted grow well.

2.關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可放在介詞后,。但當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞是that時(shí),，不能放在介詞后。This is the house Lu Xun once lived

= This is the house Lu Xun once lived .

=This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in

=This is the house Lu Xun once lived

如何選用引導(dǎo)詞：一般情況引導(dǎo)詞的選用是受先行詞決定的——先行詞是人時(shí)用that , who , whom , whose; 先行詞是物時(shí)用that , which; 先行詞是時(shí)間,、地點(diǎn)時(shí)用when , where.

The boy who / that is standing under the tree is Jim.

Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver?

Have you been to the factory where your father works?

但注意區(qū)別:who / that (指人);which / that (指物)

1.修飾人只用who的情況：

a. 先行詞是one , ones , anyone , those 時(shí),。

b. there be句型中修飾名詞時(shí)。

c. 先行詞后有一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ),。

1)Anyone who hasn’t handed in his home- work should stay after school.

沒(méi)交作業(yè)的任何人放學(xué)后都要留下,。

2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate.

校門(mén)口有位想見(jiàn)你的女孩。

3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt?

昨天下午在公園你見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)穿紅襯衫的人嗎?

2.修飾人或物只用that的情況：

a.先行詞為指物的不定代詞all , much , little, few , everything , something , anything , nothing

b.先行詞前有最高級(jí),、序數(shù)詞及l(fā)ast , only , very , all , no時(shí)

c.先行詞既有人,，又有物時(shí)

d.主句是who / which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，而先行詞又指人或物時(shí),。

1) Is there anything that I can do for you? 有讓我做的事嗎?

2) He is the only one that can help us at the moment.

他是現(xiàn)在能幫助我們的唯一的人,。

3) He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

他談?wù)撝菰L過(guò)的老師和參觀過(guò)的學(xué)校。

4) Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?

我們上周星期天用過(guò)的機(jī)器是哪一臺(tái)?

3.修飾物只用which的情況：

a. 先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)

b. 先行詞為that時(shí)

1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 這就是魯迅以前住過(guò)的房子,。

2)What’s that which you are holding in your arms? 你抱著的那個(gè)是什么?

定語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為短語(yǔ):

1.定語(yǔ)從句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)可簡(jiǎn)化為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ);定語(yǔ)從句為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可簡(jiǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ),。

2.定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)(be)后是介詞短語(yǔ)，可簡(jiǎn)化為介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),。

3.定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,，可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式。

1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun.

= I bought a book by Lu Xun.

2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.

= Tell the children there not to do that.

3)The book on the table is mine.

= The book on the table is mine.

4) We have nothing that we should fear.

= We have nothing .

反意疑問(wèn)句:陳述部分含否定意味的詞(few, little, never, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none),，附加疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)使用肯定形式(但前綴詞unhappy, unlike, disappear等列外)

They are unhappy, aren’t they?

陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everything, something, nothing, anything時(shí),，附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用it;陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用they,。

1)Everything is ready, ___________?

2)Everyone is here, ____________?

陳述部分是祈使句時(shí),，附加疑問(wèn)句一般用：will you? 但注意：

Let’s … , shall we? Let us … , will you?

陳述部分含must時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句一般用needn’t.

I must finish my work now, _________?

陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),，應(yīng)用there be結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)完成。

There’s little water, ___________

陳述部分含賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),，疑問(wèn)部分通常與主句一致,。但當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe且主語(yǔ)是I , we時(shí),，即：I / We think (believe) + 賓從，則附加問(wèn)句應(yīng)與從句一致,。I’m sure + 賓從也是如此

1)She said I did it, ____________?

2)We don’t think you are right, ________?

3)I’m sure you’ll help me, ____________?

I’m… , aren’t I? I am older than you, __________?

陳述部分含had better, 疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)用had better來(lái)回答,。

You’d better go out , ___________?

陳述部分是感嘆句，附加問(wèn)句的人稱(chēng)代詞應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)一致,。

1)What a kind girl, __________?

2)What a fine day, ___________?

新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)(初二)下冊(cè)預(yù)習(xí)(復(fù)習(xí))資料unit 1 Will people have robots?

知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

1. 形容詞,，副詞的比較等級(jí)考查熱點(diǎn)透視：

a) 表示A與B在程度上相同時(shí)， “as+形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+as”結(jié)構(gòu),。表示A不如B時(shí),，可用“not as/so+形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+as”結(jié)構(gòu)。

b) 表示A比B在程度上“更…..”時(shí),，可用“形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)+than”結(jié)構(gòu)

c) 表示三者或三者以上的比較,，其中一個(gè)在程度上“最…..”時(shí)，常用“the+形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，后面可帶“of/in的短語(yǔ)”來(lái)說(shuō)明比較的范圍,。(注意：副詞的最高級(jí)在句中常省略“the”.)

d) 在形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)前,，可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等詞語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾,，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。

e) 表示“越來(lái)越….”時(shí),，常用“形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)+and+形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu),，但要注意，對(duì)于多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞,，副詞而言，若要表達(dá)此意時(shí),，要用“more and more+形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)“結(jié)構(gòu)。

f) 在表示“其中最….之一“的含義時(shí),，常使用 “one of+the+形容詞最高級(jí)形式+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu),，其中的定冠詞the不可以省略,。

g) 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)“兩者中比較…的(一個(gè))”的意思時(shí),，可使用“the+形容詞比較級(jí)+其它”結(jié)構(gòu)。

h) 表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)，the+形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu),。

2 .一般將來(lái)時(shí)

a) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成：由助動(dòng)詞shall或will加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,，shall用于第一人稱(chēng)。在口語(yǔ)中,，will在名詞或代詞后常簡(jiǎn)略為’ll,， will not常簡(jiǎn)略為won’t。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定,，否定和疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)可表示如下：

肯定句否定句疑問(wèn)句

I (We)shall(will) go.

You(He, She, They) will go.I(We)shall(will) not go.

You(He, She, They)will not go.Shall I(we) go?

Will you (he, she, they) go?

用”be going to +動(dòng)詞原形”也可表示將來(lái)時(shí),，表示將要發(fā)生的事，打算或決定要做的事,。

b)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法：1)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況;2) 不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移,，肯定要發(fā)生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是國(guó)慶日。

3. in/after:in是指以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)的“在一段時(shí)間以后”,。也可以表示“在將來(lái)多少時(shí)間之內(nèi)”,，句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài);after常指以過(guò)去時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)的“一段時(shí)間之后”，所以它與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用,。當(dāng)after指某個(gè)特定的未來(lái)時(shí)刻或日期之后,，或指以將來(lái)某一時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)的若干時(shí)間之后時(shí)，它可以與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用,。

4.more, less, fewer的用法區(qū)別：more為many, much的比較級(jí),，意為“更多”，可修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞,。Less是little的比較級(jí),，意為“更好，較少”,，修飾不可數(shù)名詞,。Fewer是few的比較級(jí)，意為“更少”,，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),。

【注意】few, little表示否定“幾乎沒(méi)有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一點(diǎn),，幾個(gè)”,。

5.would like sth意思為“想要某物“; would like to do意思為”想要做某事“?；卮饂ould like句型的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),，其肯定回答為 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “I’d like /love to, but….”

6. Such作形容詞，意思是“如此的”“這樣的”,，修飾各種名詞,。

? Such這樣的。如It is such bad weather.天氣如此惡劣,。

? Such常和as搭配,，表示一種類(lèi)別。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我們喜歡象她那樣的嗓子,。

? Such常和表示結(jié)果的that從句搭配,，表示“如此….以至于…”如

It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.

A.Such…that…和so…that…都可用來(lái)引出一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。由于such是形容詞,，所以that從句前有一個(gè)受such修飾的名詞;而so 是副詞,，用以修飾形容詞或副詞，因此that從句前一般不出現(xiàn)名詞,。如

They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.

The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.

(3)如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式,，such和so的位置不同：

such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞

so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞

(4)如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或名詞復(fù)數(shù),，只可用such,不能用so.:

such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞

(5)如果被修飾的不可數(shù)名詞被much, little, 或復(fù)數(shù)名詞被many, few等表示量的形容詞修飾時(shí)，用so,，不用such.

(6)當(dāng)little表示“年紀(jì)小的”時(shí),，可用such+little+名詞,。

7.be able to 為“能,，會(huì)”，表示能力,，在這個(gè)意義上與can的意思相同,，一般情況下兩者可以互換,，但can只有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式(could)而be able to則用于更多的時(shí)態(tài),，主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化,。兩者在用法上有一些差異：can (could)表示主觀能力不表示意愿,，它的將來(lái)時(shí)用will be able to而 be able to表示主觀意愿強(qiáng)調(diào)克服困難做某事,。

unit 2 What should I do?

知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

1..loud是形容詞,loud-louder-loudest意思是“響亮的”;作副詞時(shí)，常與talk, sing, laugh 等詞連用,，如speak loud; loudly “大聲地”帶有喧鬧的意味，常用來(lái)修飾shout, cry, call, knock等動(dòng)詞,，通常沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),，作狀語(yǔ);aloud 副詞，出聲地,，大聲地,，僅指發(fā)出聲音(以使能被聽(tīng)得見(jiàn))。

2.Enough為形容詞,，意思是“足夠的”;enough +n.修飾名詞enough money; adj/adv+enough修飾形容詞或副詞;enough to do 足夠做某事

3.present, gift禮物：gift帶有一定的感情色彩,，通常指昂貴的“禮物”，強(qiáng)調(diào)送禮人的誠(chéng)意,，有時(shí)有“捐贈(zèng)”之意,，多用于正式場(chǎng)合;present指為表達(dá)情誼，敬意或出于禮節(jié),，在某特定時(shí)刻或場(chǎng)合贈(zèng)送的“禮物”,，此禮物價(jià)值不一定高,。make sb a present of把…作為禮物送給

4.borrow, lend: borrow“借入，借給”即說(shuō)話人向他人借東西borrow sth from sb.; lend-lent-lent“借出,，借給”即說(shuō)話人把自己的東西借給他人lend sb sth= lend sth to sb

5 except,，besides除…之外: except除了…都，besides強(qiáng)調(diào)“除了…之外還有…”在no one, nobody, nothing等詞后加介詞but也表示“除了”,。

6.find out, find, look for: find out“找出,，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明”多指通過(guò)調(diào)查,，詢(xún)問(wèn),，打聽(tīng)，研究之后搞清楚,，弄明白或指找出較難找到的,，無(wú)形的抽象的東西;find“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”通常指找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)有形的東西也可指偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)某物的某種情況,，強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果;look for“尋找”強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,。

7.talk about談到，談?wù)?talk of談到,，說(shuō)到;have a talk with與..談?wù)?，做?bào)告;talk to sb對(duì)…談話;talk with sb與…交談;talk to sb和talk with sb 均表示“和某人談話”，“講話”,。talk to sb比較常用,，側(cè)重一方談，一方聽(tīng);talk with sb側(cè)重雙方交談;talk about sb則表示“談?wù)撃橙恕?/p>

8.miss 和lose:miss意思為“發(fā)現(xiàn)丟失”“覺(jué)得不在”;lose意思為“丟失”“失去”,。在本質(zhì)上,，miss是一種主觀感覺(jué)，而lose是一種客觀結(jié)果,。

9.be used to doing習(xí)慣于做某事;used to do過(guò)去常常,，暗含與現(xiàn)在明顯的不同，只用于過(guò)去時(shí);be used to do是use的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),，意思是….被用來(lái)做某事,。

10.own 與 have: own強(qiáng)調(diào)的是擁有，占有某物為自己的財(cái)產(chǎn),，但所占有的東西目前不一定是由人使用,，強(qiáng)調(diào)所有權(quán);have為普通動(dòng)詞，表示的所有關(guān)系,。own +n. egWho owns the dog? ;own +賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) eg. He owns himself wrong.;own+從句eg. He owns that he is wrong. ;of one’s own完全屬于某人自己的;on one’s own獨(dú)立地,，自愿地;with one’s own ears親耳

11. attend, join, take part in: attend“出席，參加,，上學(xué)”attend school 上學(xué),，attend meeting出席會(huì)議;take part in 參加,，是指參與某項(xiàng)活動(dòng) take an active part in積極參加;join 參加，當(dāng)join用于加入某個(gè)團(tuán)體或組織,，成為其中的一員,，后面直接跟名詞，當(dāng)join表示參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)時(shí)后面跟介詞in .

unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

a) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“was/were+動(dòng)詞ing形式”構(gòu)成,。以動(dòng)詞work為列,，其肯定式，否定式,，疑問(wèn)式以及簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)見(jiàn)下表：

肯定式：I/He/She/It was working. We/You/ They were working.

否定式：I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were not working.

疑問(wèn)式和簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)：Was I working? Yes, you were.

Was he working? No, he wasn’t.

【注意】was not常簡(jiǎn)略為wasn’t; were not常簡(jiǎn)略為weren’t

b) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,。這一特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間，除有上,，下文暗示以外,，一般用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)表示

2. not …until直到…才。表示動(dòng)作在某時(shí)之前尚未開(kāi)始,，直到此時(shí)動(dòng)作才開(kāi)始,。not…until可以用after或when來(lái)代替，但主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用肯定形式,。Until為連詞時(shí)后接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,，until作介詞時(shí)，后面接表示時(shí)間的名詞,。Until 用于肯定句多表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到until所表示的時(shí)間為止,，意思為“直到…” from..till…中till往往表示不太具體的時(shí)間。From …to…或from…until常用來(lái)表示具體的時(shí)間,。

3. find it…to do,，it在此句中為形式賓語(yǔ)代表動(dòng)詞不定式,，動(dòng)詞不定式為真正的賓語(yǔ),，常用于這種用法的動(dòng)詞有find, feel, think, make等。

4. “疑問(wèn)詞+不定式“結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞性從句,，常?？捎猛瘸煞值膹木浯妗８膶?xiě)時(shí),，只需在疑問(wèn)詞后面加一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)(這個(gè)主語(yǔ)一般與主句的主語(yǔ)一致),，并將不定式改成適當(dāng)形式的謂語(yǔ)即可。如,，Where to go is still a question.= Where we should go is still a question.

5. when 與while:when連接的狀語(yǔ)從句是個(gè)特殊句型,，“前一個(gè)分句(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))+when(作并列連詞，意思為“這時(shí),，突然”)+后一個(gè)分句(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí))”表示在前一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的過(guò)程中突然發(fā)生了后一個(gè)動(dòng)作,， when強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的突然性,，when后面的動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;while表示“在….過(guò)程中”，強(qiáng)調(diào)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi),，所以while引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,。在狀語(yǔ)從句中，若從句放在句首時(shí),，應(yīng)用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi),。

6. 感嘆句的構(gòu)成：What +a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!What a good book it is!

What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!What easy questions they are!

What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!What cold weather it is!

How+形容詞+主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞!How nice the watch is!

How +副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!How hard they are working!

8.take place, happen“發(fā)生”：take place指“發(fā)生事先計(jì)劃或預(yù)想到的事物”;happen指“一切客觀事情或情況的偶然或未能預(yù)見(jiàn)地發(fā)生”。兩者都是不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ),，后面不能跟賓語(yǔ),，也不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);happen的意義很廣泛，而take place 僅用于歷史上的事件,，集會(huì)等,，是先行布置而后發(fā)生或舉行的事件，它不用于地震等自然界的現(xiàn)象,。

happen to do 巧遇 sth happens to sb某人遭遇某事

9.不定代詞all, both, each,every與not連用時(shí),，只表示部分否定，在否定句中用and連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),，表語(yǔ),，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)時(shí),，只表示部分否定,，并且否定 and后面的部分;如用or連接句中兩個(gè)部分，則表示全部否定,。如,，She isn’t a bright and beautiful girl.她并不是一個(gè)既聰明又漂亮的女孩。(部分否定) She isn’t a bright or beautiful girl.她是一個(gè)既不聰明又不漂亮的女孩,。(全部否定),。　　　　unit 4 He said I was hard-working.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

A.在稱(chēng)述句中直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換：

B.直接引語(yǔ)：說(shuō)話人直接引用別人的原話,。

C.間接引語(yǔ)：說(shuō)話人用自己的話把別人的意思轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái),。

D.直接引語(yǔ)一般前后要加引號(hào);間接引語(yǔ)不用引號(hào)。

E.規(guī)則：1)人稱(chēng)變化：從句中的第一人稱(chēng)多改為第三人稱(chēng);第二人稱(chēng)根據(jù)情況改為第一或第三人稱(chēng);第三人稱(chēng)不變,。2)時(shí)態(tài)變化：如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí),，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要做以下變化：

直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)(客觀真理除外)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),，從句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)保持不變;直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),，時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。3)其他指示代詞,，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞等的變化,。直接引語(yǔ)中的一些指示代詞，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)須作相應(yīng)的變化：

直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)

指示代詞this這 these這些that那 those那些

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now現(xiàn)在then那時(shí)

today 今天that day 那天

tonight 今晚that night那天晚上

this week 這星期that week那個(gè)星期

yesterday 昨天the day before前一天

last week 上星期the week before前一個(gè)星期

ago以前before 以前

tomorrow明天the next/following day第二天

next week 下星期the next week 第二個(gè)星期

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)here 這里there 那里

動(dòng)詞come來(lái)go 去

【注意】1)直接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況轉(zhuǎn)述為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),，有時(shí)不需要改變,，如tomorrow。如果轉(zhuǎn)述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在當(dāng)天,，無(wú)需改變;如果轉(zhuǎn)述的動(dòng)作不在當(dāng)天,，則需將tomorrow變?yōu)閠he next day.

2.habit, practice, custom: habit指“個(gè)人由于自然條件，社會(huì)環(huán)境,，愛(ài)好或經(jīng)常接觸而導(dǎo)致可以為常的行為或特性”;practice語(yǔ)氣比habit弱,，指“個(gè)人或大家都習(xí)慣了的做法或工作與生活的方式?！?custom指“經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)期在某人,，地區(qū)或社會(huì)中形成的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣或風(fēng)俗?！?/p>

3.bring, take, carry: bring指“從別處把東西或人帶來(lái)”“拿來(lái)”,，表示將人或物帶到或拿到說(shuō)話者所在的位置的這個(gè)動(dòng)作;take指“把東西帶走或拿走”，表示將人或物拿開(kāi)或帶離說(shuō)話者所在的位置的這個(gè)動(dòng)作; carry指“隨身攜帶(不說(shuō)明方向)有時(shí)含有 “負(fù)擔(dān)”的意思,。

4.Surprise用法：1)surprise作名詞,，表示“驚奇，詫異”;2)surprise作幾物動(dòng)詞(后接某人作賓語(yǔ))表示“使…驚奇”;surprise的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),，表示“感到驚奇”;to one’s surprise表示“使…吃驚的是”;be surprised at sth/sb表示“對(duì)…感到驚奇”,。

5.however 與 but:兩者均可作“但是，然而”,，而且都引出并列分句,。從語(yǔ)義上看，but所表示的是非常明顯的對(duì)比,，轉(zhuǎn)折的意味較however要強(qiáng);從語(yǔ)法上看,，but是并列連詞，而however卻是連接副詞;從語(yǔ)序上看,，but總是位于所引出的分句前,，而however卻可位于句首,，句中和句末,，但是譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)一定要把它放在分句之首;從標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)上看，but之后一般不使用逗號(hào),，而however則必須用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),。However當(dāng)連詞用時(shí)，“無(wú)論以何種方式,，不管怎樣”,，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,。

6.first, at first與first of all：1)first可以做副詞，意思是“首先,，第一次,，最初地”，指第一次做某事或首先做某事,，first還可以用作形容詞,，意思是“第一的，最初的,，主要的,，一流的”，first作名詞,，意思是“首要,，第一，最初”2)at first的意思是“起初,，當(dāng)初”,，指剛剛開(kāi)始做某事的時(shí)候，暗示后來(lái)的情況有所改變3)first of all的意思是“第一,，最初,，首先”，同first的用法相同,，但語(yǔ)氣上比f(wàn)irst要強(qiáng),，常常用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。

7.true, real: true意思為“真的”“真正的”,，強(qiáng)調(diào)與實(shí)際相符,，而不是杜撰的，它與real相對(duì),。與to連用,，意思是“忠實(shí)的”，true用作名詞,，與定冠詞the連用,，表示“真實(shí)，真理”等;real無(wú)此意,。Real是形容詞,，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀存在的“真實(shí)”“實(shí)在”，不是想象的,。

8.above, on,over:三者都有“在…上”之意,。1)on表示兩者上下緊貼在一起2)over表示一種直接的垂直概念，但沒(méi)有上下緊貼的意思，反義詞為under.3)above既不表示垂直的上下概念,，也無(wú)相互緊貼的意思,，反義詞是below.

unit5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

1. If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句：1)構(gòu)成：if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示“如果…”。構(gòu)成形式為“主句+一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)+if從句+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)”,，或“If從句+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),，主句+一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)”。2)用法：表示假設(shè)或條件

2. half 與half of的用法：1)half the class中的“half”為形容詞,，意思“一半的,，半個(gè)的”2) “half of+代詞/the+名詞”中的half為名詞，意思為“一半,，半個(gè)”,。當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)在句子作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須和該詞組中的代詞或名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致,。即當(dāng)代詞或名詞為單數(shù)時(shí),，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式;若所接名詞或代詞為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,。

3. all the time與always: all the time是個(gè)副詞性的短語(yǔ),，意思為“一直”“始終”，表示某一特定階段開(kāi)始一直到結(jié)束,，不表示頻度,，多置于句末。除此,，all the time還有“不斷”的意思;always為表示頻度的副詞,，意思為“總是”，表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù),，狀態(tài)的繼續(xù),，中間沒(méi)有間斷，其反義詞為never,。它與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),，常翻譯成“總是”,，“老是”，帶有贊美，厭煩,，不滿等感情色彩,。

4.Enough的用法：1)enough to do sth表示“足夠…可以做…”2)enough也可以用“for+賓語(yǔ)+to do sth的結(jié)構(gòu)”3)enough修飾名詞時(shí)前面不用冠詞4)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),，enough可以作表語(yǔ),。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),，enough不能做表語(yǔ),。

5.Choose的用法：1)choose+名詞 意思為“選擇…”;2)choose+between/from從…中選擇;3)choose to do選擇做某事

6.Exercise的用法：1)運(yùn)動(dòng),，鍛煉,，是不可數(shù)名詞2)體操,，練習(xí),，是可數(shù)名詞。3)動(dòng)詞,，使….運(yùn)動(dòng)

7.wear, put on, have on, dress: wear“穿著”“戴著”,，表示狀態(tài),，是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常狀態(tài),，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示暫時(shí)狀態(tài);put on“穿上”“戴上”,，表示動(dòng)作，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;have on“穿著”“戴著”,，表示狀態(tài)可以與wear互換;dress“穿上”“穿著”,，既表示狀態(tài),，也表示動(dòng)作,，既可以作及物動(dòng)詞，也可以作不及物動(dòng)詞,。Dress作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“給自己或別人穿(衣服)”,，賓語(yǔ)是人，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),。dress oneself給,。,。穿衣服,。dress up化裝

8.a lot, a lot of與lots of三者都有“許多，很多”的意思,。a lot of, lots of一般用于肯定句,，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞;a lot作名詞時(shí)=a lot of thins,作副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞,，副詞比較級(jí),。

unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?

知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的意義：1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有already, yet,ever, never, just等2)表示從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),，常常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。常見(jiàn)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)有：for+一段時(shí)間,，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),。2)構(gòu)成形式：助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞3)a.It is the first / second time…. that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),。

b.This is the… that…結(jié)構(gòu),，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).

注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的,。

2.怎樣區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在讓我們來(lái)比較一下現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),。在比較這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本概念是否理解,，因?yàn)閷?duì)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)我們已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)基本的理解了,。

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是一兼有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)二者基本特點(diǎn)的時(shí)態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn),，所以它可以表示某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響,。由于它有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，所以它也可以表示某一動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性,、臨時(shí)性,、重復(fù)性、生動(dòng)性乃至感情色彩。

現(xiàn)在就現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的這些特點(diǎn)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)作一簡(jiǎn)單的比較：

(1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)皆可表示動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,，但前者所表示的結(jié)果是直接的,，而后者所表示的則是最后的結(jié)果。

(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)有延續(xù)性,，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往沒(méi)有,。如：

Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978.(a)

Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979.(b)

(a)句有“史密斯先生在倫敦久居”的含義，(b)句則沒(méi)有,。

(3)但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)并不總是具有臨時(shí)的性質(zhì),，如：

My moth! er has been teaching English for twenty years.(a)

My mother has taught English for twenty years.(b)

(a)句在此并無(wú)臨時(shí)性質(zhì)，但較口語(yǔ)化,。(b)句則較為正式,。又，(a)句表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù).并將延續(xù)下去,，(b)句的動(dòng)作是否延續(xù)下去,，須由上下文決定，但在一般情況下都是延續(xù)下去的,。

(4)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù),，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。如：

Have you been meeting her lately?(a)

Have you met her lately?(b)

(a)句有“經(jīng)常相會(huì)”之意,，(b)句則沒(méi)有,。(b)句如與often，every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,，當(dāng)然也表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù),。

(5)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng)，有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩,，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí),，一種影響或結(jié)果，平鋪直敘,，沒(méi)有什么感情色彩可言。如：

What have you been doing?(a)

What have you done?(b)

(a)句表示驚異,。(b)句只是一個(gè)問(wèn)題,。

下面還有一例，頗為有趣:

Who's been eating my apples?(a)

Who's eaten my apples?(b)

(a)句有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩,，表示憤怒不滿,，(b)句只是希望回答的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。又,，(a)句兼有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),，所以有“蘋(píng)果未被全部吃光”的意思，(b)句是完成時(shí)態(tài)，說(shuō)明“蘋(píng)果一個(gè)不剩了”,。

3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義：表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動(dòng)作,。

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has been+v.ing形式。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)十,，助動(dòng)詞用has,其他人稱(chēng)用have.

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：主要表示現(xiàn)在以前這一段時(shí)間里一直在進(jìn)行的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,，這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能仍然在進(jìn)行，也可能停止了一會(huì)兒,。

4,。for 的用法：1)在回答How long…?的問(wèn)句時(shí)，for表示所指時(shí)間或距離的全部,，在這個(gè)含義上與表示“特定期間中某個(gè)長(zhǎng)度”的during 不同,。2)可以用在過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在時(shí),，將來(lái)時(shí)中,，但是若表示持續(xù)進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在為止時(shí)，則不能用現(xiàn)在時(shí),，而要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),。3)表示某事物在所述時(shí)間要發(fā)生。

5.since 用法：1)conj.自…以后;自從,，后接從句表示以過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間為起點(diǎn),，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候。Since之后可以接過(guò)去時(shí)的句子,，也可以接表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),。2)prep.自…來(lái)，從…(至今)

【注意】since除了可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用外,，還可以與過(guò)去完成時(shí),，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。

【擴(kuò)展】since, for都可以與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用,。Since用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間,，而for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間，因此,，since后跟表示某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)的名詞短語(yǔ),，for后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的名詞短語(yǔ)。

6.each 的用法：1)adj.各個(gè)的,，各自的,，每一個(gè)的。置于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,。2)pron.各個(gè),，各自,。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

Each, every: each指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物中的“每個(gè)”;every指三個(gè)以上的人或事物的全體,，和all的意思相近;every只修飾單數(shù)名詞,，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，each為形容詞修飾單數(shù)名詞,，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù),。作代詞，單獨(dú)使用,，接單數(shù)動(dòng)詞,，放在復(fù)數(shù)名詞和代詞后作同位語(yǔ)，接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;代表each與every的物主代詞可以用his也可以用their.

【擴(kuò)展】each of之后接名詞或代詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,，接名詞時(shí)一定要附加the或my等詞,，即“each of+代詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”或“each of+the/my+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式,。

7.ago與before“以前”：ago表示從現(xiàn)在算起一段時(shí)間“以前”,，和動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。放在所修飾詞的后面,。Before則表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)算起若干時(shí)間以前,，用于完成時(shí)。ago,before前可以與具體時(shí)間連用“多少時(shí)間之前”

8.含有half的表達(dá)方式：數(shù)詞+名詞(單/復(fù)數(shù))+and +a half; 數(shù)詞+and+a half+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))

9.Because, since, as, for：四個(gè)詞都表示“原因”的連詞,。以上連詞的語(yǔ)氣由強(qiáng)到弱依次為because-since-as-for其中because,since,as從屬連詞,，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句;for為并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列句,。a)because“因?yàn)椤?，表示直接原因回答why的提問(wèn)，一般放在主句之后,，可單獨(dú)存在,。b)since“因?yàn)椤薄凹热弧保瑐?cè)重主句從句表示雖然的或已知的理由,。c)as“由于”,，主從句并重，從句說(shuō)明原因,，主句說(shuō)明結(jié)果,。d)for“因?yàn)椋捎凇?，表明附加或推斷的理由，引?dǎo)的從句前常有逗號(hào)，for從句不放在句首。

10.Probably副詞,，相當(dāng)于almost certainly,意思為“或許,，大概,，很可能”一般不放在not等含有否定意義的詞之后,。

11.run out, run out of: run out“用完了”,，主語(yǔ)通常為時(shí)間,，食物,，金錢(qián),，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);run out of“用完了”，表示主動(dòng)含義,，主語(yǔ)一般為人,，多用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成時(shí)。

14.Teach的用法：teach sb sth教某人學(xué)某事;teach doing教導(dǎo)做…, 教…;teach sb to do教某人做某事;teach sb+that從句 教育人…. 　　　15.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞be+構(gòu)成形式2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是通過(guò)助動(dòng)詞be的變化來(lái)體現(xiàn),。這個(gè)助動(dòng)詞必須與主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)相一致,。3)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)相比(箭頭表示動(dòng)作方向)

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作發(fā)出者)→謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)→賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作承受者)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作承受者)←謂語(yǔ)(be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)←賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作發(fā)出者)

He wrote the letter. →The letter was written by him.

4)主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的基本句式：

a) 主：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)

被：主語(yǔ)(原賓語(yǔ))+助動(dòng)詞(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+by+原主語(yǔ)

如，We will help him.→He will be helped by us.

b) 主：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)

被：主語(yǔ)(圓賓語(yǔ))+be+動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞+by+原主語(yǔ)

如,，They looked after the babies.→The babies were looked after by them.

c) 主：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)

被：主語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ))+be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+原直接賓語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)))+be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+to(for)+原間接賓語(yǔ)+(by+原主語(yǔ))

如,，We gave him some magazines.→He was given some magazines.

Some magazines were given to him by us.

【注意】一般將主動(dòng)句中表示人的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)。

d) 主：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

被：主語(yǔ)(原賓語(yǔ))+be+過(guò)去分詞+原賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

如,，They elected him their monitor.→He was elected their monitor.

【注意】如果主動(dòng)句中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to的不定式,，變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后一般要加to.

I saw him go to the church.→He was seen to go to the church.

【擴(kuò)展】一般在以下幾種情形時(shí)，需要使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),。

1) 不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,，只知道動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。

When we got there, the room had been cleaned already.

2) 不必要說(shuō)出或出于禮貌不便說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),。

I was told that you were not honest enough.

3)有必要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),。

You were asked to answer this question.

16.if與whether:if和whether均可用于賓語(yǔ)從句中，意為“是否”;if用于條件句中,，表示“如果”,，不能和or連用;whether常與or連用，表示兩種條件或情況,。

【擴(kuò)展】if not..如果不是…,表示驚訝或憎惡等情緒;if only意為“若…那就好了,，我多么希望…”相當(dāng)于how I wish;only..if..意為“決不…除非…”

If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I should not be speaking to you now.如果不是醫(yī)生的照顧，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)和你說(shuō)話了,。

If only he arrives in time!若他及時(shí)到達(dá)就好了,。

I’ll only come if you promise me that you won’t invite Henry.除非你答應(yīng)不請(qǐng)亨利，否則我不會(huì)來(lái),。

unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?

知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

1. 基本用法：1)Would you mind doing?=Do you mind doing..?“你介意…?”　“請(qǐng)你…好不好?”是一種比較客氣的表達(dá)方式,。2)如果要表示“請(qǐng)你不要做…好嗎?”只需在doing 前面加not.應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)：1)如果同意表示不介意時(shí)，可用如下用語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)：Certainly not.; Of course not.;No,not at all.;Not at all.“好,，可以”2)如果不同意表示介意時(shí),，常用“Sorry.”“I’m sorry, but…”及陳述某種理由來(lái)表示拒絕或反對(duì),。;這一句型中的邏輯主語(yǔ)只能是談話的對(duì)方y(tǒng)ou，如果想要對(duì)方允許自己做某事,，可以用 “Would you mind my doing..?句型,。

2. 形容詞與副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化：1)以le結(jié)尾去e變y，possible→possibly;2)在形容詞后直接加ly,usual→usually;3)在以輔音字母+e結(jié)尾直接加ly,wide→widely;4)以元音字母+e結(jié)尾,，去e加ly,true→truly;5)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i+ly,happy→happily

3. put on, wear, dress,have on, in: put on強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作過(guò)程“穿上”為瞬間動(dòng)詞;wear表示結(jié)果或狀態(tài)“穿著”,持續(xù)動(dòng)詞;dress強(qiáng)調(diào)穿的動(dòng)作,，后面不能跟賓語(yǔ)(衣服)等，還可以作名詞,，意思是“服裝”,，dress up化裝，dress oneself 給某人穿衣服,，dress in穿衣服,，have on表示“穿…”，相當(dāng)于wear,，但沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);in介詞,，后跟表示顏色的名詞，表示穿著某種顏色的衣服,。

4. in a minute, soon等多用于將來(lái)時(shí),，表示即將去做某事

in+時(shí)間段，after+時(shí)間段：1)“in+時(shí)間段”只能用于一般將來(lái)時(shí),，“after+時(shí)間段”可以用于過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)2)當(dāng)二者都用于將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候“in+時(shí)間段”表示從現(xiàn)在算起在一定時(shí)間內(nèi),，動(dòng)作將在未來(lái)一周之內(nèi)的某一個(gè)具體時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生?！癮fter+時(shí)間段”是從這段時(shí)間之后算起,，動(dòng)作將在這段時(shí)間之后發(fā)生。

5. very, too, so, quite以上幾個(gè)副詞均修飾形容詞,，副詞表示程度，“很,，太,，非?！?very應(yīng)用最普遍“很”,，只是一個(gè)表示程度的副詞,，它表示的程度比quite要強(qiáng)得多，very只用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí);too“太”,，一般表示“相對(duì)某人而言”;so“如此…,那么…”,往往表明某一事物的程度時(shí),，會(huì)引起另一種后果,。換言之，so所修飾的人或物表示原因后面會(huì)有表示結(jié)果的句子,。So…that…如此…以致于;quite既可以表示充分肯定,，意思是　“完全;十分”，也可以表示程度,，意思是“完全,，十分”，也可以表示程度,，意思是“相當(dāng)”,，quite可修飾動(dòng)詞，v.ing,，形容詞,，副詞，分詞等,。quite a +adj+n. a very+adj.+n

6. move from…to …從…搬到…,，遷移;move on繼續(xù)向前走

7. yet, already,still:yet用于疑問(wèn)句中，意為“現(xiàn)在,，已經(jīng)”;用于否定句中,，意為“還沒(méi)”;already與still用于肯定句中，already意為“已經(jīng)”,，still意為“還,，仍然”,，already若用于疑問(wèn)句中，表示驚訝或意外;yet與still都可以修飾比較級(jí),，意為“更加,，益發(fā)”。

8. put away收好,，儲(chǔ)蓄,，放棄;put down放下，撲滅,，寫(xiě)下;put…into…把…翻譯成…;put off延期;put up舉起,，張貼，修建;put on穿上,，上演

9. See的用法：1)see+從句,，意為“看到…,留意…”如，I saw that you weren’t among the students.2)see sb do sth.看到某人做某事;see sb doing看到某人正在做某事;see+名詞 看到

10. voice, sound, noise:在這組詞中,，voice可以作名詞或動(dòng)詞;sound可以作名詞,，動(dòng)詞，形容詞和副詞;noise只能用作名詞,。這里僅就它們作名詞表示“聲音”時(shí)的用法進(jìn)行辨析,。1)voice專(zhuān)指人的聲音(如說(shuō)話，唱歌,，笑的時(shí)候發(fā)出的聲音等),。偶爾也指禽，蟲(chóng)鳴叫的聲音,，但一般不用于指其他動(dòng)物的叫聲,。2)sound表示能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)的任何聲音。3)noise通常是指大而令人不快的噪音,，嘈雜聲,，喧鬧聲等。4)sound和noise常與動(dòng)詞make連用,，而voice則不能和make連用,。

11. take care意為“當(dāng)心”，可單獨(dú)使用或后接從句和動(dòng)詞不定式,。同義詞組為be careful和look out;take a seat坐下同義詞組為sit down;take an interest in對(duì)…感興趣;take away拿走,，使離開(kāi)，消失;take back收回(語(yǔ)言,，話語(yǔ));take care of照顧,，注意，保養(yǎng);take charge of負(fù)責(zé)，接管;take down拿下來(lái),，取下來(lái),，記下來(lái)，拆除;take for granted 想當(dāng)然,，認(rèn)為,，后接賓語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)常以it作形式賓語(yǔ);take hold of抓住;take in接受,，理解,，包括;take off脫下，匆匆離開(kāi),，起飛，停止使用;take office就職;take on接受,，雇傭;take out取出,，帶。..出來(lái);take part in參加;take place發(fā)生,，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);take pride in為,。..感到自豪;take sb’s place代替某人;take up從事，占用;take it easy不要過(guò)于緊張,，別著急,。unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?

知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

1. get, receive,accept:get有“得到”“獲得”的意思，在表示“獲得”某物時(shí),，可能是被動(dòng)接受也有可能是主動(dòng)爭(zhēng)取;receive指收到了什么東西,，不一定接受，receive a letter from…收到…的來(lái)信;accept著重指以愉悅的態(tài)度或經(jīng)過(guò)自己的爭(zhēng)取而得到或取得某物,。

2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should：1)表示義務(wù),，意為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng),，最好”,，比must較為委婉;2)與疑問(wèn)詞連用，表示意外,，納悶,，驚訝等，意為“究竟是…;到底…”.

3. 表示建議：1)How/What about+名詞/代詞/動(dòng)詞-ing形式?2)Why don’t you +動(dòng)詞原形?=Why not+動(dòng)詞原形?3)Let’s…以let’s開(kāi)頭的祈使句,，表示建議對(duì)方和自己一起做某事,。Let’s后接動(dòng)詞原形。4)Shall we…?以Shall we…?開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句,，用于建議對(duì)方和自己一起做某事,。回答時(shí)如贊成，常用Yes, let’s.

4. too…to……而不能…,to后面接動(dòng)詞原形具有否定含義,。這一句型?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成so…that…句型。當(dāng)這種too…to…句型轉(zhuǎn)換成so…that句型時(shí),，為保持句意的一致,，that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句要根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can’t或couldn’t加動(dòng)詞原形，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要帶賓語(yǔ),。

The boy is too young to go to school.=The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.

The box is too big for me to carry.= The box is so big that I can’t carry it.

【注意】當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式和主語(yǔ)在邏輯上構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),，該動(dòng)詞后面不能再用it或them作賓語(yǔ)，該動(dòng)詞如果是不及物動(dòng)詞,，則必須在其后面加上相當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞,，方可與主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成搭配。如,，The ice is too thin for me to skate on.

5. instead, instead of: instead為副詞,，在句中獨(dú)立作狀語(yǔ)，instead of為介詞短語(yǔ),，后面一般接名詞,，代詞，介詞和接動(dòng)詞-ing形式,。

6. for example, such as: for example例如,，諸如。多作插入語(yǔ),，當(dāng)它表示“例如“時(shí),，其后面必須有逗號(hào);such as相當(dāng)于like，意思為 “象…那樣,，例如,，諸如”，其后面直接加名詞,。

7. contest, compete,contend三者都有“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”的含義,，均為動(dòng)詞：contest指在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中毫無(wú)保留地展示自己;compete指在體育或辯論等需要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的活動(dòng)中，為征服或取勝而進(jìn)行的努力,。有時(shí)暗指在獎(jiǎng)賞的鼓勵(lì)或刺激下進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng);contend暗示競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的緊張程度,。通常指雙方成功的機(jī)會(huì)相等，所以為取勝或征服對(duì)方就需要艱苦的努力,。強(qiáng)調(diào)奮斗或斗爭(zhēng)的必要性,。

8. contest,competition:contest指雙方或多方對(duì)壘比賽，多指體育比賽,，并且在比賽中的每一個(gè)人或每一個(gè)隊(duì)都力圖戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)方;competition多指能力,，技巧，知識(shí)等方面的比賽，競(jìng)爭(zhēng),。

9. By的用法：by后跟表示交通工具的名詞,，意思為“乘，坐”;by意思為“憑借,，用,，靠”，表示方法或手段,，常與v.-ing連用;by意思為“在…旁邊”,，用來(lái)表示地點(diǎn)，意義和用法近似于beside;by意思為“按照…,根據(jù)…”;by意思為“經(jīng)過(guò)”,，后常跟go, run, walk之類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞;by用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,，后跟的名詞表示行為的執(zhí)行者，意思為“被,，由”;by意思為“按…(計(jì)算)”,，用來(lái)表示計(jì)量;by oneself獨(dú)自;by the way順便

10. as well的同義詞為too,意思是“也”;as well as意思為“同，和,，也”。用來(lái)連接名詞和代詞等,。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式,，要根據(jù)as well as前的名詞或代詞確定。與動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),，用v-ing形式;as well as同義詞組為not only…but also…但側(cè)重順序不同,。

unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?

知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常表示短暫動(dòng)作或位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞(非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用;也可以表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始,，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。也就上說(shuō),，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)雖與過(guò)去有關(guān),，但實(shí)際上強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,，且常與表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(these days,all this year, recently,for+時(shí)間段,，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn))

2. 通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already,recently,just, ever,never,before,yet等。表示不確定時(shí)間的時(shí)間詞連用,。Already,just多用于肯定句;yet,ever,never多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句,。

3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞

4. have been to, have gone to:have been to“到過(guò)某地”說(shuō)話時(shí)此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來(lái),，側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷;have gone to“已經(jīng)去了某地”,，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng),。

5. neither開(kāi)頭的倒裝句：在英語(yǔ)中“Neither+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/+主語(yǔ)”這個(gè)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)是一種否定形式,，表示“兩者都不”。如,，I can’t work out the problem. Neither can Li Ming.

6. be from, come from:兩者都為“從…來(lái),，出自…”;表示“出身于…”，應(yīng)用come from

【注意】問(wèn)別人的出身或敘述自己的出身時(shí),，時(shí)態(tài)一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),，如果時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則表示“從…地方來(lái)”,。

7.Population的用法：1)population是個(gè)集合名詞,，意思為“人口，人數(shù)”,，常用來(lái)指人口的總稱(chēng),。被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí)，一般不加-s,，在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。如,，The population of China is about1,300,000,000.

2)如果指一個(gè)整體中有多少人數(shù)是干什么的時(shí)候,，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，這時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一部分人,。如,，Half of the population in that country are farmers.3)表示“…的人口”時(shí)，既可用“the population of+地名”,，也可用“the population in +地點(diǎn)”,，作主語(yǔ)中心詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如,，The population in Shenyang is about 8 million.4)表示某國(guó),，某城市有多少人口時(shí)，用have/has a population of…結(jié)構(gòu),。如,，New Zealand has a population of 3,800,000.5)對(duì)人口數(shù)量提問(wèn)用what或what large。用large或big表示人口多,，用small表示人口少,。

8.If的用法：if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示“如果…”。構(gòu)成形式為“主句+一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)+if從句+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)”,，或“If從句+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),，主句+一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)”;if還可以引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣,，表示假設(shè)的情況或是發(fā)生的可能性不大的情況，從句用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài),。

9.Sleepy,sleeping:sleepy可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ),，意思為“想睡的，困的”,，可用very 修飾;sleeping所修飾的名詞可以是人也可以是物,。

unit10 It’s a nice day, isn’t it?

知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

1. 反意疑問(wèn)句：1)反意疑問(wèn)句的含義：當(dāng)對(duì)所陳述的某種情況不確定而反問(wèn)對(duì)方時(shí)，常用反意疑問(wèn)句來(lái)表達(dá),。2)反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成：陳述句+簡(jiǎn)略疑問(wèn)句→前部分肯定陳述句+后部分否定疑問(wèn)句;前部分否定陳述句+后部分肯定疑問(wèn)句,。3)使用反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)：a.前后兩部分要在人稱(chēng)上保持一致。b.時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致(或動(dòng)詞要保持一致)c.回答的一致性(特別注意中文翻譯),。注意：yes與no后面的回答部分要一致,。4)使用反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)的特殊情況：a.在祈使句后進(jìn)行附加疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用will you表示請(qǐng)求,。b.在Let’s后面,，常用shall we，表示征詢(xún)意見(jiàn),。c.在Let us…后面進(jìn)行附加疑問(wèn)時(shí),，用will you，這一點(diǎn)屬于祈使句范圍,。d 在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中,，I am 后面的附加疑問(wèn)句部分常用aren’t I .e 由nothing作主語(yǔ)的句子，附加問(wèn)句中人稱(chēng)代詞用it.f.由nobody作主語(yǔ)的句子,，附加問(wèn)句中用they代替nobody.g.如果陳述句部分主語(yǔ)是everyone,someone,anyone,no one等不定代詞，其附加疑問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)可以用he,也可用they.h There be…后面的附加疑問(wèn)句部分仍用there. i.s如果陳述句部分含有否定副詞never,few,little等詞時(shí),，則其附加疑問(wèn)句部分用肯定形式,。J.反意疑問(wèn)句要求用yes或no來(lái)回答，當(dāng)陳述句部分為否定形式時(shí),，回答要特別注意兩種語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)習(xí)慣的不同,，注意根據(jù)實(shí)際情況前后保持一致。

2. cost, price:cost作名詞時(shí)表示“費(fèi)用”,，通常指服務(wù)費(fèi),，學(xué)習(xí)費(fèi)，生活費(fèi)或房租費(fèi)等,，price通常指具體物品的價(jià)格,。詢(xún)問(wèn)價(jià)錢(qián)用how much來(lái)提問(wèn)。

3. at lest:至少,，最少,。其中l(wèi)east為little的最高級(jí),，little的比較級(jí)為less; 無(wú)論如何

4. Prepare的用法：1)prepare for為…做準(zhǔn)備，相當(dāng)于get ready for2)prepare+名詞+for +名詞,，意思為“為…準(zhǔn)備…”.3)prepare+名詞+to do sth意思為“為…而做準(zhǔn)備,。”4)prepare to do準(zhǔn)備做某事　　

中考英語(yǔ)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)：易錯(cuò)題匯編及分析一,、名詞,、冠詞　　1.– What can I do for you? -- I’d like two _______.

A. box of appleB. boxes of applesC. box of applesD. boxes of apple

答案: B. (選擇其它三項(xiàng)的同學(xué)要注意仔細(xì)看題.不要馬虎, 這里box 和apple都是可數(shù)名詞)

2.Help yourself to _________.

A. some chickensB. a chickenC. some chickenD. any chicken

答案: C (選擇A的同學(xué)要注意chicken當(dāng)雞肉講時(shí)不可數(shù))

3..________ it is today!

A. What fine weatherB. What a fine weatherC. How a fine weatherD. How fine a weather

答案: A. (選擇B的同學(xué)要注意weather不可數(shù). 選擇C和D的同學(xué)要注意weather是名詞, 要用what來(lái)感嘆.)

4.Which is the way to the __________?

A. shoe factoryB. shoes factoryC. shoe’s factoryD. shoes’ factory

答案: A. (選擇D的同學(xué)注意這里不是指名詞所有格, 而是名詞作形容詞的用法.類(lèi)似的用法如: pencil box; school bag等.)

5.This class ______ now. Miss Gao teaches them.

A. are studyingB. is studyingC. be studyingD. studying

答案: A. (選擇B的同學(xué)要注意, 當(dāng)這種概念名詞當(dāng) “人”講的時(shí)候要做復(fù)數(shù)處理.類(lèi)似的還有: the police are running after the thief等)

6.We will have a _______holiday after the exam.

A. two monthB. two-monthC. two month’sD. two-months

答案: B (選擇C的同學(xué)要注意應(yīng)用two months’; 選擇D的同學(xué)要注意名詞之間有 “— ” 后的組合詞當(dāng)作形容詞來(lái)用, 因此就不用所有格形式了.)

7.____trees are cut down in the forests every year.

A. ThousandB. ThousandsC. Thousand ofD. Thousands of

答案: D. (選擇C的同學(xué)注意詞組記憶的準(zhǔn)確性)

8.Our sports meeting will be held ________.

A. on 24, Tuesday, April B. in April 24, TuesdayC. on Tuesday, April 24D. in April Tuesday 24

答案: C. (選B的同學(xué)是受到中文的影響,要特別注意中英文的差異)

9_________ people here are very friendly to us.

A. The B. / C. A D. An

答案: A. (選擇B的同學(xué)要注意這里的people是特指這里的, 因此要用定冠詞the)

10..There is no enough ________ in the corner to put the table.

A. placeB. roomC. floorD. ground

答案：B (根據(jù)句意知道，這里表示沒(méi)有地方放桌子,。選A的同學(xué)要注意place表示地點(diǎn),，是可數(shù)名詞)

二、代詞

11.Some people like to stay at home, but ________ like to go to the cinema.

A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. other one

答案: C. (選擇B的同學(xué)要牢記: some…., others….)

12.-- Is this your shoe? -- Yes, but where is _________?

A. the other oneB. other oneC. another oneD. the others

答案: A. (選擇C的同學(xué)要注意鞋是兩只, another指的是三者或者三者以上)

13.– When shall we meet again next week?

-- ______day is possible. It’s no problem with me.

A. EitherB. NeitherC. EveryD. Any

答案: D. (選擇C的同學(xué)要注意every指的是每一天都見(jiàn)面, any指的是任何一天都可以.注意中文的干擾)

14.Have you ever seen _______big panda before?

A. a suchB. such aC. so aD. a so

答案: B (選擇A的同學(xué)要注意詞組記憶的準(zhǔn)確性)

15.-- _______ do you write to your parents?

-- Once a month.

A. How longB. How soonC. How oftenD. How far

答案: C. ( 選擇A的同學(xué)要注意中文的干擾. 由回答知道這里指的是寫(xiě)信的頻率, 用how often表示.)

16.Robert has gone to _____ city and he’ll be back in a week.

A. otherB. the otherC. anotherD. any other

答案：C　(選擇其它三項(xiàng)的同學(xué)要注意,，這里沒(méi)有說(shuō)只有兩座城市,，因此不能用.)

17.– A latest magazine, please.

-- Only one left. Would you like to have ________?

A. itB. oneC. thisD. that

答案：A　(選擇B的同學(xué)要注意這里指的是上一句中提到的那本雜志，不能用表示泛指的不定代詞one )

18.– Which book would you like to borrow?

-- ________ of the two books is OK with me.

A. EitherB. BothC. AnyD. None

答案：A　(選擇B的同學(xué)要注意is 表示單數(shù).)

19.He knows _________ English ________ French. But he’s very good at Japanese.

A. either; orB. both; andC. neither; norD. either; nor

答案：C　(選擇A和B的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境.)

20.– What do your parents do?

-- One is a teacher; _________ is a driver.

A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. that one

答案: C (選擇其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的同學(xué)要注意, one is …, the other is …的用法)

21.Mrs. Lee teaches ________ math. We all like her.

A. weB. usC. ourD. ours

答案: B (選擇C的同學(xué)要注意, teach +人+科目, 而不能用teach +某人的+ 科目)

22.There are many trees on ________ side of the street.

A. eitherB. anyC. allD. both

答案：A (選擇D的同學(xué)要注意side為單數(shù),。選擇B的同學(xué)要注意：街道只有兩邊,，因此不能用any)

23.________ is the population of the city?

A. How many B. What C. How many peopleD. How much

答案：B (在問(wèn)到人口是多少時(shí)，其實(shí)是在說(shuō)“人口數(shù)是什么”,，因此不能用A,，要注意排除中文的干擾。)

三,、介詞,、連詞

24.Japan is ________ the east of China.　A. inB. toC. onD. at

答案: B ( in 表示在范圍里的, on表示緊挨著的; to 表示在范圍以外的)

25.The postman shouted, “ Mr Green, here is a letter ________ you.”

A. to B. fromC. forD. of

答案: C ( 選擇A的同學(xué)要注意to 表示動(dòng)作的方向, for表示有從屬關(guān)系或者利益關(guān)系)

26.We can’t do it ________ your help.

A. withB. ofC. underD. without

答案: D. (選擇C的同學(xué)要注意中文的干擾, 借助某人的幫助要用with,反之用without)

27.He hasn’t heard from his friend __________ last month.

A. sinceB. by the end ofC. forD. until

答案: A (選擇B的同學(xué)要注意B選項(xiàng)為過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間;選擇C的同學(xué)要注意, for+時(shí)間段; 選擇D的同學(xué)要注意不是not…until 句型.until + 句子)

28.I didn’t buy the dictionary yesterday _________ my aunt would give me one.

A. untilB. becauseC. ifD. before　答案: B (選擇A的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境)

29.I’m going to look for another job ________ the company offers me more money.

A. afterB. unlessC. whenD. for

答案: B ( 選擇其它三項(xiàng)的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境, 這里是指除非公司給我更多工資,否則我就要找其它工作.)

30.Don’t hurry. The bus won’t start ______everybody gets on.

A. sinceB. asC. untilD. when

答案: C (選擇D的同學(xué)要注意前面是否定.)　　31.Please show me _________ to send an e-mail, John. It’s the first time for me to do it.

A. howB. whatC. whenD. where

答案：A　(選擇C的同學(xué)要注意認(rèn)真看題，這里的time不是時(shí)間,，而是指第一次)

32.You’ve passed the exam. I’m happy ______ you.

A. onB. atC. inD. for

答案：D　(選擇A的同學(xué)要注意記憶詞組的準(zhǔn)確性.)

33.I wonder ________ they finished so many different jobs in such a short time.

A. whyB. howC. whenD. where

答案：B　(選擇A的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境,，這里指他們?cè)趺茨茉谌绱硕痰臅r(shí)間里完成如此多的困難的工作.)

34.-- Do you speak English?

-- Yes, I speak __a little English ___ some French.

A. neither, notB. both, orC. either, orD. not only, but also

答案：D　(選擇C的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境.)

35.______ the maths problem is difficult, I’ll try very hard to work it out.

A. ThoughB. WhenC. BeforeD. After

答案：A　(選擇B的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境.不能說(shuō)當(dāng)題目難的時(shí)候，我將努力.而是說(shuō)盡管題目難,，但我將努力解決.)

36.The accident took place ________ a cold February evening.

A. onB. inC. atD. for

答案：A　(選擇B的同學(xué)要注意,，在特指的早上、下午,、晚上,，不用in要用on)

37.He turned ________ the radio because his father was asleep.

A. onB. downC. upD. over

答案：B　(根據(jù)語(yǔ)境：他爸爸睡著了，因此不能用A-打開(kāi),，也不能用C-調(diào)大.D表示反過(guò)來(lái))

38.I don’t know the homework _______ today.

A. onB. inC. ofD. for

答案：D　(選擇C的同學(xué)要注意of表示從屬關(guān)系,，要注意中文的干擾.)

39.– Oh, it’s raining heavily.

-- Please don’t leave ________ it stops.

A. whenB. afterC. sinceD. until

答案: D (選擇其它選項(xiàng)的同學(xué)要注意讀懂句子, 只有把語(yǔ)境搞清楚才能答對(duì)問(wèn)題.)

40.Jane said she would come here ________ 9:00 and 9:30 tomorrow morning.

A. fromB. atC. betweenD. around

答案: C (選擇B的同學(xué)沒(méi)有把體看完整; 選擇A的同學(xué)沒(méi)有注意到from…to…的搭配.)

四、動(dòng)詞

41.My father went to Shanghai yesterday. He ______ back in two weeks.

A. comesB. has comeC. will comeD. came

答案: C ( 選擇D的同學(xué)要注意in +時(shí)間段, 表示在未來(lái)的一段時(shí)間,應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí))

42..It’s spring now. The students _______ trees these weeks.

A. plantB. are plantingC. will plantD. planted

答案: B (選擇A的同學(xué)要注意 these weeks 并不表示經(jīng)常做某事,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)這幾個(gè)星期同學(xué)們一直在種樹(shù).)

43..-- __________ you ________ your book to the library?

-- Yes. I returned it yesterday.

A. Did, returnB. Have, returnedC. Will, returnD. Do, return

答案: B ( 選擇A的同學(xué)過(guò)分注意回答用了一般過(guò)去時(shí), 但在上一句中, 并沒(méi)有給出過(guò)去的時(shí)間,強(qiáng)調(diào)你現(xiàn)在是否還書(shū)了, 應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).)

44.– Must I finish it now? -- No, you ________.

A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. can’tD. shouldn’t

答案: B (選擇A的同學(xué)要注意mustn’t意思指不允許, needn’t指的是不必要.)

45..Though it’s cloudy now, it _________ get sunny later.

A. can B. mayC. mustD. need

答案: B ( 選C的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境, 這里強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)些時(shí)候也許會(huì)晴天, 表示推測(cè)性.)

46.It is in the library, you _______ talk loudly.

A. may notB. can’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t

答案: D ( 選擇B的同學(xué)要注意中文的干擾.can’t表示不能夠,。)

47..If anyone wants to say something in class, you ________ put up your hands first.

A. mustB. mayC. shouldD. can

答案: A ( 選其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境,，anyone暗示出語(yǔ)氣。表明是一個(gè)規(guī)定,，而不是建議,。)

48.– I called you last night but no one answered the phone.

-- I ______ dinner with my friends in the restaurant.

A. haveB. hadC. was havingD. have had

答案：C　(選擇B和D的同學(xué)要注意分析語(yǔ)境.這里指我當(dāng)時(shí)正在和朋友在飯館吃飯.)

49..If you have lost a library book, you have to _________ it.

A. find outB. look afterC. pay forD. take care

答案：C　(選擇A的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境)

50..He will call me as soon as he _______ the city.

A. reachesB. reachedC. will reachD. is reaching

答案：A　(選擇B的同學(xué)要注意主將從先)

51.The pen _________ him ten yuan.

A. paidB. costC. tookD. spent

答案：B　(選擇C的同學(xué)要注意took通常用在時(shí)間上;選擇A和D的同學(xué)要注意,，這里的主語(yǔ)是物品，因此不能用paid 和spent)

52..The train _________ for twenty minutes.

A. leftB. has leftC. is leavingD. has been away

答案：D　(選擇B的同學(xué)要注意,，當(dāng)用完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作時(shí),，要選擇可持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，不要用瞬間動(dòng)詞.)

53..– How many books _____ they ________?

-- Five. But they haven’t finished reading even one.

A. did…borrowB. had…borrowedC. will…borrowD. do…borrow

答案：A　(選擇B的同學(xué)要注意,，這里只是問(wèn)過(guò)去發(fā)生的一件事，并不是過(guò)去時(shí)間之前發(fā)生的.)

54.He _________ his bike so he has to walk there.

A. lostB. has lostC. had lostD. loses

答案：B　(選擇A的同學(xué)注意句子并沒(méi)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),，因此要注意時(shí)態(tài)的前后一致.)

55.– Why did the policeman stop us?

-- He told us not _______ so fast in this street.

A. driveB. drivingC. to driveD. drove

答案：C (這里考查的是tell sb. not to do sth.)

五,、形容詞、副詞

56.The population of the world in 20th century became very much _________ than that in 19th.

A. bigger B. larger C. greater D. more

答案: B.(選擇其它三項(xiàng)的同學(xué)要注意population的固定搭配是large)

57.Miss Li is one of _______ in our school.

A. a popular teacherB. more popular teacherC. most popular teacherD. the most popular teachers

答案:D.(選擇其它三項(xiàng)的同學(xué)要注意one of + 復(fù)數(shù)的用法.)

58.The magazines are ________ easy that the children can read them well.

A. suchB. soC. tooD. very

答案: B (選擇A的同學(xué)要注意easy是形容詞,，要用so…that, 而不用such…that)

59.– Would you like ________ more tea?

-- Thank you. I’ve had ________.

A. any, muchB. some, enoughC. some, muchD. any, enough

答案：C　(選擇B的同學(xué)要注意enough是形容詞,，　不能說(shuō)had enough)

60.I think basketball is _______. I like to watch it.

A. boringB. boredC. excitingD. excited

答案：C　(選擇D的同學(xué)要注意basketball本身很令人激動(dòng)，excited表示被什么所感染而激動(dòng),。)

61.This dinner looks _______ to me, and I like it.

A. terribleB. goodC. badlyD. nicely

答案：B　(選擇D的同學(xué)要注意look在這里是系動(dòng)詞,，后面要加形容詞。)

62.The math problem is so hard that ________ students can work it out.

A. a fewB. a littleC. manyD. few

答案：D　(選擇A,、C的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境,，這里指沒(méi)有什么學(xué)生能做出來(lái)。)

63.– What’s the weather like tomorrow?

-- The radio says it is going to be even ______.

A. badB. worstC. badlyD. worse

答案：D　(選擇A的同學(xué)要注意,，even+比較級(jí))

64.Though she talks ______, she has made ____ friends here.

A. a little, a fewB. little, fewC. little, a fewD. few, a few

答案：C　(選擇A的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境,，這里指雖然她不怎么說(shuō)話，但她有一些朋友.)

65.He never does his work _______ Mary.

A. as careful asB. so careful asC. as carefully asD. carefully as

答案：C　(選擇A和B的同學(xué)要注意work 是行為動(dòng)詞,，要用副詞來(lái)修飾.)

六,、句法

66..If it ________ tomorrow we’ll go to the park.

A. will not rainB. doesn’t rainC. is not rainingD. didn’t rain

答案: B (選擇A的同學(xué)要注意if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句主句用將來(lái)時(shí), 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).)

67.The radio says the snow ______ late in the day.

A. stopsB. will stopC. has stoppedD. stopped

答案: B. (選擇A的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境, late in the day表示 “晚些時(shí)候”, 要用將來(lái)時(shí))

68.The nurse told the children the sun ______ in the east.

A. risesB. roseC. will riseD. has risen

答案: A ( 選擇B的同學(xué)要注意, 雖然主句中用了told, 但太陽(yáng)從東方升起是真理性事實(shí), 應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示.)

69.– Are you sure you have to? It’s been very late.

-- I don’t know ______ I can do it if not now.

A. whereB. whyC. whenD. how

答案: C ( 選擇D的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境, 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境知道這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是必須先在做,否則就沒(méi)有時(shí)間了)

70.- Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?

-- Her cousin, Susan.

A. thatB. whoseC. whomD. which

答案: C (選擇其它三項(xiàng)的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境,這里是指找Susan這個(gè)人)

71.– When are the Shutes leaving for New York?

-- Pardon? -- I asked ___________.

A.when are the Shutes leaving for New York

B.when the Shutes are leaving for New York

C.when were the Shutes leaving for New York

D.when the Shutes were leaving for New York

答案: D ( 選擇B的同學(xué)注意到了賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序,但同時(shí)要注意時(shí)態(tài)要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí).)

72.Would you please tell me ________ next, Mr Wang?

A. what should we doB. we should do whatC. what we should doD. should do what

答案: C ( 選擇A的同學(xué)要注意賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序.)

73.Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.

A. when does his son come backB. when his son comes back

C. when did his son come homeD. when his son came home

答案: D ( 選擇C的同學(xué)要注意考慮賓語(yǔ)從句的陳述語(yǔ)序)

74.Alice has gone to the classroom and she didn’t say ________.

A. when did she come backB. when would she be back

C. when she came backD. when she would be back

答案：D　(選擇C的同學(xué)要注意語(yǔ)境，這里要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí).)

75..– I’m sorry I broke your coffee cup.

-- Oh, really? _________.

A. It doesn’t matterB. I don’t knowC. it’s OK with meD. You’re welcome

答案：A　(選擇C和D的同學(xué)要注意中文的干擾.D是用來(lái)回答別人的致謝的.)

76.– Would you mind calling me back tomorrow again? -- _________.

A. Not at allB. You’re welcomeC. You’re rightD. Nice to meet you

答案：A　(同62題)

77.He hardly had anything to eat, ________ he?

A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. had D. did

答案：D　(選擇A的同學(xué)要注意hardly表示否定;選擇B和C的同學(xué)要注意,，反意疑問(wèn)句要用助動(dòng)詞.)

2014中考英語(yǔ)高頻易錯(cuò)詞總結(jié)　一,、將下列名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式：　　month watch stomach hero photo city play

三、易寫(xiě)錯(cuò)的數(shù)詞

① 將下列基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞：

five nine twelve twenty

②將下列數(shù)詞寫(xiě)成英語(yǔ)：

14 40 3/4

四,、將下列形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞：

fortunate immediate safe true possible comfortable terrible simple gentle lucky happy angry shy (repeat-- hurry--- expect---)

五、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式,，過(guò)去分詞：

carry destroy pay lay lie write feel bite fall stop plan occur rise throw flow choose drive eat fly run beat steal strike stick cost cut hurt spread shut shine hold hide

六,、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：

study carry pay refer prefer offer sit develop write eat swim

七、注意歸納下列動(dòng)詞的變化形式,。

bend, spend, send, build, lend(from “d” to “ t”)

lead,flee,bleed,feed, speed(from“ead or ee(d)” to “ed”)

grow, blow, fly, throw (ew; own)

ride, write, forget(from “i” to “o”; “dden” or “tten”)

drive, rise, arise, awake(from “i” to “o” ; “en” )

ring, begin, sing, sink, drink, swim ( i---a---u)

bid, forbid(i--a—idden) dig, spin, swing(i-u-u)

buy, fight, think, seek, bring(--ought)

catch, teach(--aught)

bear, wear, swear (---ore; ---orn)

burst,cast,cost,cut,hit,hurt,let,put,read,rid,set,shut,split,

spread(the same form)

答案：

一,、months watches photos cities plays

三、①fifth ninth twelfth twentieth

②fourteen forty three-fourths/three quarters

四,、fortunately immediately safely truly possibly comfortably terribly simply gently luckily happily angrily shyly(shyness) (repeatedly; unhurriedly; unexpectedly)

五,、carried,、carried; destroyed、destroyed; paid,、paid; laid,、laid; lay、lain; wrote,、written; felt,、felt; bit, bitten; spent、spent; fell,、fallen; stopped,、stopped;planned、planned; occurred,、occurred; rose,、risen; threw、thrown;flowed,、flowed; chose,、chosen; drove、driven; ate,、eaten; flew,、flown; ran、run; beat,、beaten; stole,、stolen; struck、struck ; stuck,、stuck; cost,、cost; cut、cut; hurt,、hurt; spread,、spread; shut、shut; shone, shone ; held, held; hid, hidden

六,、studying carrying paying referring preferring offering sitting developing writing eating

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：不定冠詞的10個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)不定冠詞(a/an)的用法較復(fù)雜,，以下幾點(diǎn)須注意：

1. 用 a還是 an：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，輔音或半元音[j, w]開(kāi)頭的詞要前用a,。如：

He has a computer (watch). 他有一臺(tái)電腦(一塊手表),。

He’s a university student (European). 他是大學(xué)生(歐洲人)。

元音開(kāi)頭的詞前要用 an,。如：

This is an egg (honest boy). 這是一只雞蛋(誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩),。

注意，有的字母(如 a, e, f, h, i等)或縮略詞,，若第一個(gè)音是元音也應(yīng)用an,。如：

He missed an “n” in the word. 他寫(xiě)的這個(gè)單詞漏了一個(gè) n,。

2. 不要從漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣出發(fā)，漏掉必用的 a/an,。如：

他父親是著名詩(shī)人,。

誤：His father is famous poet.

正：His father is a famous poet.

3. 用于轉(zhuǎn)化為普通名詞的專(zhuān)有名詞前，表示某某人或某某人的一部作品,、藝術(shù)品等,。如：

A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位叫史密斯先生的人想見(jiàn)你。

He bought a complete Lu Hsun. 他買(mǎi)了一套魯迅全集,。

4. 用于轉(zhuǎn)化為普通名詞的物質(zhì)名詞前,，表示相應(yīng)的產(chǎn)品或種類(lèi)，有時(shí)表示數(shù)量關(guān)系,。如：

It’s a good wine. 這是(一種)好酒,。

Two coffees and a tea, please. 請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯咖啡和一杯茶。

5. 用于具體化的抽象名詞前,，表示與該抽象名詞意義相關(guān)的人或事等,。如：

The party was a great success. 晚會(huì)開(kāi)得非常成功。

It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 同你談話是件愉快的事,。

6. 用于某些由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)或具有動(dòng)作意味的名詞前,，表示一次、一番等意義,。如：

Let me have a look. 讓我看看吧,。

I’ll give the car a good wash. 我要把車(chē)好好洗一洗。

7. 用于序數(shù)詞前表示數(shù)量或序數(shù)的增加,。如：

He bought a second computer. 他又買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)(即第二臺(tái))電腦,。

Later she borne a third son. 后來(lái)她又生了第三個(gè)兒子?！?. 有的不可數(shù)名詞或本來(lái)應(yīng)該帶定冠詞(the)的名詞,，由于受定語(yǔ)(尤其是形容詞)的修飾，其前一般要用不定冠詞或改用不定冠詞,，表示某種狀態(tài),，此時(shí)的不定冠詞通常含有 a kind of 的意思。如：

have breakfast 吃早餐→have a quick breakfast 吃快餐

the world 世界→a world like ours 像我們這樣的世界

注：有些不可數(shù)名詞即使受形容詞的修飾也不能用不定冠詞,，容易弄錯(cuò)的有：news(消息),，advice(忠告)，luck(運(yùn)氣),，fortune(運(yùn)氣)，work(工作),，fun(娛樂(lè),，有趣的事),，weather(天氣)，homework(家庭作業(yè)),，housework(家務(wù)活),，information(情報(bào))，behavior(行為),，harm(傷害),，damage(損害)，progress(進(jìn)步),，furniture (家具),，baggage(行李)，luggage(行李),，poetry(詩(shī)),，scenery(風(fēng)景)等。

9. 兩個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用表示一個(gè)整體時(shí),，只用一個(gè)不定冠詞,。如：

He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老師又是詩(shī)人。

There’s a horse and cart on the road. 路上有一輛馬車(chē),。

10. 不定冠詞可用來(lái)表示“類(lèi)屬”,，這是其基本用法，它表明的是某一類(lèi)屬中的每一個(gè)人和東西都能說(shuō)明該類(lèi)屬的整體情況 (有類(lèi)似漢語(yǔ)的“舉一反三”或“以此類(lèi)推”的含義),。此時(shí)也可用定冠詞或名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式來(lái)表示,。如：

馬是有用的動(dòng)物。

正：A horse is a useful animal.

正：The horse is a useful animal.

正：Horses are useful animals.

若不是說(shuō)明每一個(gè)人和東西的情況,，而是說(shuō)整個(gè)類(lèi)屬,，則不能用不定冠詞，而要用定冠詞：

The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎面臨絕種的危險(xiǎn),。

Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亞歷山大·格雷漢母·貝爾于1876年發(fā)明了電話,。　　                                                中考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題：語(yǔ)境·交際·常識(shí)

打好語(yǔ)境基礎(chǔ)

所謂語(yǔ)境就是指上下文,。解答中考單項(xiàng)填空 題,，不要只盯在空格那個(gè)地方，也不要只盯在含空格的那一個(gè)句子,，而要理解整個(gè)上下文的意思才能作出選擇,。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考題：

-You’re very ______, aren’t you? -Yes. Our team has won the game.

A. happyB. worriedC. sadD. afraid

解答此題時(shí)你若只看問(wèn)句，填任何一個(gè)答案都是正確的,，當(dāng)看到答句中的has won the match才知道只有答案A正確,。

打好交際基礎(chǔ)

就是指考生還要懂得英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人與中國(guó)人由于歷史文化和思維方式的不同所造成日常交往中語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的不同。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考題：

-Your spoken English is much better! -______.

A. Oh, noB. You’re right C. thank you D. Not at all

當(dāng)被別人稱(chēng)贊時(shí)，謙虛的中國(guó)人常說(shuō)“不,，哪里哪里”或“不,，還差得遠(yuǎn)咧”等等，若按這種思維,，很容易錯(cuò)選答案A或D,；而西方人卻是向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖兄x，所以答案是C,。

打好常識(shí)基礎(chǔ)

有的中考試題既不是考詞匯知識(shí)也不是考語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,，而是考查考生的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和科普常識(shí)，比如超市,、加油站,、公園、學(xué)校等公共場(chǎng)所的標(biāo)志和電視中的一些圖標(biāo)等等,。因此,，在平時(shí)的日常生活中要細(xì)心觀察，多看書(shū)報(bào)多看電視,，廣泛涉獵,，并注意生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和科普常識(shí)的積累。請(qǐng)看下面這道中考試題：

Which of the following weather signs means “windy”?

答案是D,，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)圖表示windy,。答案A表示cloudy，B表示rainy,，C表示sunny,。 初中英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題考點(diǎn)分析：名詞、冠詞

1.-What can I do for you? -I'd like two _______.

A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple

答案：B.（選擇其他3項(xiàng)的同學(xué)要注意仔細(xì)看題,。不要馬虎,，這里box和apple都是可數(shù)名詞。）

2. Help yourself to _________.

A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken

答案：C.（選擇A的同學(xué)要注意chicken當(dāng)雞肉講時(shí)不可數(shù),。）

3. ________ it is today!

A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather

答案：A.（選擇B的同學(xué)要注意weather不可數(shù),。選擇C和D的同學(xué)要注意weather是名詞，要用what來(lái)感嘆,。）

4. Which is the way to the __________?

A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe's factory D. shoes' factory

答案：A.（選擇D的同學(xué)注意這里不是指名詞所有格,，而是名詞作形容詞的用法。類(lèi)似的用法如：pencil box,；school bag等,。）

5. This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them.

A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying

答案：A. （選擇B的同學(xué)要注意， 當(dāng)這種概念名詞當(dāng)“人”講的時(shí)候要做復(fù)數(shù)處理,。類(lèi)似的還有：the police are running after the thief等,。）

6. We will have a _________ holiday after the exam.

A. two month B. two-month C. two month's D. two-months　答案：B.（選擇C的同學(xué)要注意應(yīng)用two months',；選擇D的同學(xué)要注意名詞之間有 “- ” 后的組合詞當(dāng)作形容詞來(lái)用， 因此就不用所有格形式了,。）

7.____ trees are cut down in the forests every year.

A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of

答案：D.（選擇C的同學(xué)要注意詞組記憶的準(zhǔn)確性,。）

8. Our sports meeting will be held ________.

A. on 24, Tuesday, April B. in April 24, Tuesday

C. on Tuesday, April 24 D. in April Tuesday 24

答案：C.（選B的同學(xué)是受到中文的影響，要特別注意中英文的差異,。）

9. _______ people here are very friendly to us.

A. The B. / C. A D. An

答案：A. （選擇B的同學(xué)要注意這里的people是特指“這里的”， 因此要用定冠詞the,。）

10. There is no enough ____in the corner to put the table.

A. place B. room C. floor D. ground

答案：B.（根據(jù)句意知道,，這里表示沒(méi)有地方放桌子。選A的同學(xué)要注意place表示地點(diǎn),，是可數(shù)名詞,。）　初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)常考易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

1) 表時(shí)刻表的情況下,，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)用;

The plane takes off at 10p.m.

2) 主將從現(xiàn) 符合的原則是：if條件句,，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，方式狀語(yǔ)從句和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,。如：

If he comes, I'll let you know.

He will be happy when I tell him.

Next time I'll do as you say.

Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.

3) be to do 表示有責(zé)任,、有義務(wù)做某事

be about to do 表示正要做某事

I was about to leave when the telephone rang.

be going to do 表示有計(jì)劃性、準(zhǔn)備做某事

will do 一般情況下使用

4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)注意以下情況:

1) 和always, constantly, forever, continually連用表示說(shuō)話人的感情色彩,，責(zé)備,，埋怨等;

He is always thinking of others.

He is always making the same mistake.

2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)情況的暫時(shí)性;

He is walking to school because his bike is being repaired.

5). 一般將來(lái)時(shí)注意以下三點(diǎn)。

1) 表傾向,，習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,。意為"會(huì)，不能,，沒(méi)法";

We will die sooner or later. The medicine won't help.

2) 表推測(cè)

The man in the middle will be visiting president.

3) 表容量

The hall will seat 500 people.　6). 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的適用范圍,。

1) 過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果;

I've already finished my homework, so I can leave now.

2) 過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在;

Great changes have taken place in China in the past five years.

7). 過(guò)去完成時(shí)注意兩點(diǎn)。

1) 它是和一般過(guò)去時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)存在的,，沒(méi)有一般過(guò)去時(shí),，就不存在過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

His family hadn't heard from him for six months until he came home.

2) 用在no sooner…than, scarcely…when, hardly…when,等句型中,。

No sooner had I seen him than I told him.

8.下列 that從句用完成時(shí)：(注意：主句用is從句用have/has+過(guò)去分詞 ;主句用was 從句用had+過(guò)去分詞)

1.It/This/That is the first/second/last time that… 如：

This is the first time that I have been in Beijing.

2.It/This/That is the only…that… 如：

That is the only book that I have really enjoyed in my life.

3.It/This/That is the + 最高級(jí)…that…

It is one of the most interesting book that I have ever read.

4.It is/ has been……since

It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(從我上次見(jiàn)到他以來(lái)已經(jīng)10年了,。)

初中英語(yǔ)因定短語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)句型詳解　1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她過(guò)去是一位漢語(yǔ)老師?！　用法] used to + 動(dòng)詞原形,，表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，含有現(xiàn)在不再如此之意,。

[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn't to do或didn't use to do.

[比較] used to do sth. 過(guò)去常做某事,；be/ get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于做某事；be used to do sth. 被用來(lái)做某事。

2.…return it sooner or later.

……遲早要將它歸還,。

[用法] l)sooner or later意為"遲早",、"早晚"。

2)return此處用作及物動(dòng)詞,，意為"歸還",，相當(dāng)于give back.

[拓展]return還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為"返回",，相當(dāng)于go back或come back,。

3.No matter what the weather is like…無(wú)論天氣……

[用法]no matter what 相當(dāng)于whatever，其意為"無(wú)論什么",，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,。

[拓展]類(lèi)似no matter what的表達(dá)方式還有：

no matter when無(wú)論什么時(shí)候

nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where無(wú)論什么地方

no matter who無(wú)論誰(shuí)

no matter how 無(wú)論怎么樣

4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.

一位年經(jīng)人與格林先生練習(xí)講英語(yǔ)。

[用法]practise doing sth. 表示"實(shí)踐,、練習(xí)（做）某事",。

[拓展]practice名詞，"實(shí)踐",、"實(shí)施",、"練習(xí)"；put a plan into practice實(shí)行某計(jì)劃,。

5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.

他鼓勵(lì)大家參加保護(hù)我們的湖泊,、河流和海洋的活動(dòng)。

[用法]1)encourage用作動(dòng)詞,，意思是"鼓勵(lì)",、"支持"。

2)take part in"參加",，常表示參加活動(dòng),。

3)protect 是動(dòng)詞，表示"防御",、"保護(hù)",。

[搭配]1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓勵(lì)或支持某人

nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人干某事

2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵襲或傷害

6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人們當(dāng)心水里的鯊魚(yú)。

[用法] warn用作動(dòng)詞,，意思是"警告",、"警戒"。

[搭配]1)warn sb.+ that從句

2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事

3)warn sb. to do sth.告誡某人做某事

4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告誡某人當(dāng)心某事/不要做某事

初中英語(yǔ)固定短語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：初中12重點(diǎn)句型解析1．I think…意為"我認(rèn)為……",，是對(duì)某人或某事的看法或態(tài)度的一種句型,。其否定式常用I don't think…，

2．give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為"把……給……",，動(dòng)詞give之后可接雙賓語(yǔ),，可用這兩種句型,；若指物的賓語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，則只能用give it/ them to sb.

3．take sb./ sth. to…意為"把……(送)帶到……",，后常接地點(diǎn),，也可接人。

4．One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為"一個(gè)是……,；另一個(gè)是……",，必須是兩者中。

5．Let sb. do sth. 意為"讓某人做某事",，人后應(yīng)用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,，其否定式為Don't let sb，do sth.,，或Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Let's 與Let us的含義不完全相同,，前者包括聽(tīng)者在內(nèi),，后者不包括聽(tīng)者在內(nèi)，

6．help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為"幫助某人做某事",，前者用不定式作賓補(bǔ),，后者用介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)，二者可以互換.

7．What about…,？/How about…,？意為"……怎么樣？"是用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)或征求對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn),、意見(jiàn),、看法等。about為介詞,，其后須接名詞,、代詞或V-ing等形式。

8．It's time to do…/ It's time for sth. 意為"該做……的時(shí)間了",，其中to后須接原形動(dòng)詞,，for后可接名詞或V-ing形式。

9．like to do sth./like doing sth.意為"喜歡做某事",， 前一種句型側(cè)重具體的一次性的動(dòng)作,；后一種句型側(cè)重習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，

10．a(chǎn)sk sb.(not) to do sth. 意為"讓某人(不要)做某事",，其中ask sb.后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式,，

11．show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意為"把某物給某人看"，該句型的用法同前面第2點(diǎn),。

12．introduce sb. to sb. 意為"把某人介紹給另一人",；introduce to sb.則是"向某人作介紹",。another

[誤] I have two sisters, one in America and another in English.

[正] I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.

[析] 要注意英語(yǔ)中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法，現(xiàn)分別說(shuō)明如下：another作形容詞其意為：泛指的另一個(gè)或再一個(gè),，別的,，類(lèi)似的。一般在句中作定語(yǔ),，如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another還可以作為代詞用,，如：One student said："I want to play baskball."another said："I want to play football."　other作形容詞其意為"泛指其余的，別的",。如：I have other books besides these. 又如：Ask some other people please. the other則為特指,，作形容詞時(shí)其后面可接單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指,，單數(shù))又如：There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指,，復(fù)數(shù))但當(dāng)the other作為代詞時(shí)，它代表的可以是單數(shù),，也可以是復(fù)數(shù),，如：He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (單數(shù))又如：There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(復(fù)數(shù))are boys. 要注意的是當(dāng)the other作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要視具體情況而定,，它可能是單數(shù),，也可能是復(fù)數(shù)。others則只能作代詞,，其意為other ones即為：泛指某些,，某一部分人或物，如：Each of us must think of others. 而the others只能作為代詞,，它是特指某一些人或物,，如：I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.　中考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)考題：spend/take/pay/cost　　稍微研究一下歷年中考英語(yǔ)真題，不難發(fā)現(xiàn),，英語(yǔ)中的四個(gè)“花費(fèi)spend/take/pay/cost幾乎是中考英語(yǔ)的?？停?，一定要完全掌握這四個(gè)詞的用法,。下面我們具體講解一下。

一,、spend的主語(yǔ)通常是人,，句型有：

1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth

2. (sb) spend some money/some time (in) doing sth

例如：

I spent fifty yuan on the coat. = I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元買(mǎi)了這件大衣。

He spent three days on the work. = He spend three days (in) doing the work. 他干這項(xiàng)工作用了3天,。

3. spend money for sth. 花錢(qián)買(mǎi)……

例如：His money was spent for books. 他的錢(qián)用來(lái)買(mǎi)書(shū)了,。

二、take常用于“占用,、花費(fèi)”時(shí)間,，后面常跟雙賓語(yǔ),，其主語(yǔ)通常為形式主語(yǔ)"it"或物。句型有：

1. It takes/took sb. some time to do sth

例如：It will take me two days to do the work. 這項(xiàng)工作將會(huì)花去我2天時(shí)間,。

2. Doing sth./sth. takes sb. some time.

例如：The work will take me two days. 這項(xiàng)工作將會(huì)花去我2天時(shí)間,。

Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修車(chē)。

It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. =Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years. 畫(huà)這些漂亮的馬花費(fèi)了我3年時(shí)間,。

三,、pay為“付款、賠償”之意,，主語(yǔ)通常是人,，句型有：

1. sb. pays some money for sth

例如： I paid fifty yuan for the coat. 我花50元買(mǎi)了這件大衣。

2. pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢(qián)（給某人）買(mǎi)……

例如：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個(gè)月要付20英磅的房租,。

3. pay money back 還錢(qián)

例如：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借給我12塊錢(qián)嗎,？下周還你。

4. pay off one's money　還清錢(qián)

四,、cost的主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng),， 還可以表示“值”。句型有：

1. sth. costs (sb.) +money　某物花了（某人）多少錢(qián)

例如：A new computer costs a lot of money. 買(mǎi)一臺(tái)新電腦要花一大筆錢(qián),。

2. (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +time 某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少時(shí)間

例如：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量時(shí)間才記住了這些單詞。

注意：cost的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞都是cost,，并且不能用于被動(dòng)句,。　重點(diǎn),、難點(diǎn),、考點(diǎn)

一、重點(diǎn)是：

(1)常見(jiàn)的構(gòu)詞法

1)合成詞：合成詞是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)新的詞,。如：blackboard(黑板),，newspaper(報(bào)紙)，afternoon(下午) ,pencil-box(鉛筆盒),。

2)派生詞：派生詞是由詞根加派生詞綴構(gòu)成的詞,，詞根是派生詞的基礎(chǔ)，同一詞根加不同的派生詞綴可以表示不同的意義,，還可以表示不同的詞的詞性,。

動(dòng)詞變名詞：＋后綴er drive(駕駛)——driver(駕駛員)

teach(教)——teacher(教師)

read(閱讀)——reader(讀者)

＋后綴or invent(發(fā)明)——inventor(發(fā)明家)

visit(訪問(wèn))——visitor(訪問(wèn)者)

＋后綴tion invent(發(fā)明)——invention(發(fā)明)

operate(手術(shù))——operation(手術(shù))

名詞變形容詞：＋后綴y wind(風(fēng))——windy(刮風(fēng)的)

sun(太陽(yáng))——sunny(晴朗的)

＋后綴ful help(幫助)——helpful(有幫助的)

care(小心)——careful(小心的)

＋后綴ly friend(朋友)——friendly(友好的)

形容詞變名詞：+后綴ness good(好的)——goodness(善良，美德)

kind(和善的)——kindness(和善)

形容詞變副詞：＋后綴ly bad(壞的)——badly(糟糕地)

quick(快的)——quickly(迅速地)

改變?cè)~義：＋前綴un happy(高興的)——unhappy(不高興的)

usual(平常的)——unusual(不平常的)

３)轉(zhuǎn)化詞：轉(zhuǎn)化詞是指由一種詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)用作另一種詞類(lèi)的詞,。例如：

hand(n .)手,， hand(v .)傳遞， dry(adj .)干燥的,， dry(v .) 烘干

［說(shuō)明］初中總復(fù)習(xí)中,，詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)十分重要,。掌握單詞和詞組的用法是學(xué)好語(yǔ)言的前提之一。沒(méi)有一定的詞匯量,，不掌握詞語(yǔ)的基本用法,，就失去了英語(yǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)，也就更談不上靈活運(yùn)用和綜合分析能力了,。

(2)詞形變化

英語(yǔ)詞匯的詞形變化除了前面講的詞根＋派生詞綴構(gòu)成的派生詞的變化外,，還存在有一些單詞詞尾的屈折變化，它們是：

1)表示名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞形變化,。例如：

hand—hands(手) picture—pictures(圖片)

knife—knives(小刀) city—cities(城市)

2)表示形容詞,、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的詞形變化。例如：

cheap—cheaper—cheapest(便宜的)

late—later—latest(遲來(lái)的,，遲來(lái)地)

early—earlier—earliest(早的,、早地)

3)表示動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的詞形變化。例如：

clean—cleans(打掃) catch—catches(按住) carry—carries(攜帶)

4)表示動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)和-ed分詞的詞形變化,。例如：

catch—catched(捉住) carry—carried(搬運(yùn))

close—closea(關(guān)閉) stop—stopped(阻止)

5)表示動(dòng)詞-ing分詞的詞形變化,。例如：

walk—walking(走) make—making(做) sit—sitting(坐)

二、難點(diǎn)是：如何運(yùn)用詞或詞組,。

三,、考點(diǎn)是：(1)單詞拼寫(xiě)。(2)詞形變化,。(3)對(duì)詞語(yǔ)的理解運(yùn)用和相似詞語(yǔ)的辨析,。有關(guān)詞匯的考題在中考中有10分左右。

【經(jīng)典范例引路】

例1 按要求寫(xiě)出下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式,。

1 .Well(最高級(jí))_______________ 2.begin(現(xiàn)在分詞)____________

3 .busy(反義詞)_______________ 4.he(反身代詞)_______________

(2001年甘肅省中考題)

簡(jiǎn)析：此題是對(duì)詞形變化和單詞的正確拼寫(xiě)的考查,。要正確解答，應(yīng)熟練掌握規(guī)律性的變化形式,，并牢固記憶一些特殊的詞形變化,。

第1小題是考查副詞的最高級(jí)。形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化,。well的最高級(jí)屬于不規(guī)則變化,，為best。

第２小題是考查現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成?，F(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成為：(1)直接在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ing,。(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e ,再加-ing,。(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,，先雙寫(xiě)這一輔音字母，再加-ing,。此題符合第三條,。故答案為beginning,。

第3小題是考查詞義及單詞拼寫(xiě)。busy意為“繁忙的,，忙的”它的反義詞應(yīng)為“空閑的,，閑的”free。故答案為free,。

第４小題是考查人稱(chēng)代詞對(duì)應(yīng)的反身代詞,。答案為himself。

例2 選擇與句中劃線部分意思相同或相近的詞或短語(yǔ),。

( )1 .Mary called him three times yesterday , but nobody answered .

A .visited B .gave a message to C .told D .phoned

( )2 .Jim comes to visit us sometimes . That is always the happiest time for the whole family .

A .on time B .all the time C .at times D .many times

( )3 .Jimmy tried hard , and in the end he did it well .

A .at first B .at the beginning C .at the end D .at last

( )4 .—Oh , sorry . John . I forgot to post your letter .

—That’s all right . I’ll post it myself.

A .Never think about it B .It doesn’t matter

C .Don’t be sorry D .I don’t care

( )5 .—Hello !May I speak to the headmaster ?

—Hold on , please .

A .Speak louder B .Wait a moment

C .Call again D .Speak out

(2001年河北省中考題)

簡(jiǎn)析：選出能替換劃線部分的選項(xiàng),，這是一種常見(jiàn)題型。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

(1)弄懂句意,，特別是劃線部分意思,，以及各選項(xiàng)的意思。

(2)能替換劃線部分的選項(xiàng)與劃線部分意思要相同,。

(3)選項(xiàng)與劃線部分在句法功能上保持一致,。

第１小題劃線部分called后接him(sb)，首先要知道它在句中的意思,，為“給……打電話”,。Ａ選項(xiàng)意為“訪問(wèn)”，Ｂ選項(xiàng)意為“給……捎口信”,，Ｃ選項(xiàng)意為“告訴”,，只有選項(xiàng)Ｄ .phoned意人“給……打電話”，與劃線部分意思相同,。且phoned與called的句法功能也相同。故答案為Ｄ,。

第２小題劃線部分sometimes意為“有時(shí),，某時(shí)”。A選項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)時(shí),，按時(shí)”,，B選項(xiàng)意為“一直總是”，C選項(xiàng)意為“有時(shí),，某時(shí)”,，D選項(xiàng)意為“許多次”。故答案為C,。

第3小題劃線部分in the end意為“最后,，終于”。A選項(xiàng)意為“起初,，開(kāi)始”,，B選項(xiàng)意為“在開(kāi)始時(shí)”,，C選項(xiàng)意為“在末尾”，D選項(xiàng)為“最后,，終于”,。故答案為D。

第4小題劃線部分That’s all right在此處意為“不要緊,，沒(méi)關(guān)系”,，用來(lái)回答別人道歉的用語(yǔ)。A,、B,、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有It doesn’t matter與That’s all right意義相同,。故答案為B,。

第5小題劃線部分Hold on在此處意為“等一會(huì)兒”，是打電話時(shí)的交際用語(yǔ),。只有wait a moment與Hold on 意義相同,，故答案為B。

例3 單項(xiàng)選擇,。

( )1 .Students are usually interested in sports . Some like running ;some like swimming ;_______like ball games . (2001年上海市中考題)

A .the others B .others C .the other D .other

( )2 .—Can you speak Chinese ,Peter ? (2001年北京市海淀區(qū)中考題)

—Yes , but only_______ .

A .little B .few C .a little D .a few

( )3 .Don’t worry ,I’ll take good care Polly .(2001年天津市中考題)

A .for B .of C. with D .to

簡(jiǎn)析：此題是考查詞語(yǔ)意義和用法上的區(qū)別,，以及詞語(yǔ)的固定搭配。在做此類(lèi)題時(shí),，我們應(yīng)注意：

(1)先讀懂題意,，找出考查點(diǎn)。

(2)觀察分析空格與它的前后部分的聯(lián)系及空格在句中的句法功能,。

(3)根據(jù)題意及分析結(jié)果,，對(duì)比所有選項(xiàng)，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng),。

(4)對(duì)于難度較大,、很難直接從正面找到答案，就可采用排除法——根據(jù)題意和所學(xué)知識(shí)排除錯(cuò)誤答案,。剩下的便是正確答案,。

第1小題是考查the others ,others ,the other ,other這四者在意義和用法上的區(qū)別：the others特指某一范圍內(nèi)的“其余的人(物)”而others泛指“其余的人(物)”它常和some對(duì)比使用，即“some . . .others . . .”,，the other特指“(兩個(gè)中的)另一個(gè)”,，other泛指“另一個(gè)”。故答案為B,。

第2小題是考查little ,few ,a little ,a few的用法：某一語(yǔ)言不可數(shù),，因此B、D兩選項(xiàng)不成立。而little是表示否定意義,，a little表示肯定意義,。根據(jù)題干的意思應(yīng)為肯定，故答案為C,。

第3小題是考查take care of這一固定詞組,。故答案為B 　

初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：-ed形容詞與-ing形容詞的語(yǔ)法區(qū)別　　以后綴-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于說(shuō)明人，不用于說(shuō)明事物,，即使它們所修飾的名詞是事物,，那它們指的也是與該事物相關(guān)的人；以后綴-ing 結(jié)尾的形容詞(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于說(shuō)明事物,，表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征,，若用它們說(shuō)明人，則表示此人具有此性質(zhì)或特征,。如：

He had a pleased smile on his face. 他臉上露出了滿意的微笑,。

He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他告訴了我這個(gè)消息，聲音很激動(dòng),。

The story is very interesting. 這個(gè)故事很有趣,。

The man is very interesting. 這個(gè)人很有趣。

比較并體會(huì)以下例子：

a frightened look 害怕的表情(指帶有這種“表情”的人感到害怕)

a frightening look 嚇人的表情(指這種“表情”令人害怕)

an excited talk 心情激動(dòng)的談話(指“談話”的人心情激動(dòng))

an exciting talk 令人激動(dòng)的談話(指聽(tīng)“談話”的人心情激動(dòng))

2014中考英語(yǔ)57個(gè)句型及中文釋義　　　1　　1 as soon as

一…就…

2 as…as

和…一樣

3 as…as possible

盡可能…

4 ask sb. for sth.

向某人請(qǐng)求,，要求某物

5 ask / tell sb. (how) to do sth.

問(wèn)/告訴某人(如何)做某事

6 ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth.

讓/告訴某人(別)做某事

7 be afraid of doing sth. / be afraid that

擔(dān)心,，害怕…

8 be busy doing sth.

忙于做某事

9 be famous/late/ready/sorry for…

因，為…而…(famous 出名的/late 遲到/ready 準(zhǔn)

備好的/sorry 抱歉的)

10 be glad that 很高興去做……

11 buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tell sth. to sb.

(buy 買(mǎi)/give 給/show 展示/bring 帶來(lái)/lend 借出/send 發(fā)送/pass 傳遞/tell 告訴)某事

給某人

12 buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tell sb. sth. 意思同上

13 either…or…

或者…或者…, 不是...就是...

14 enjoy/hate/like/finish/stop/mind/keep/go on doing sth.

(enjoy 喜歡/hate 討厭/like 喜歡/finish 完成/stop 停止/mind 介意/keep 保持/go on 繼

續(xù))做某事

15 find it + adj. to do sth.

發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是…的

16 get + 比較級(jí)

更…

17 get ready for/get sth. ready 為某事做準(zhǔn)備, 把某事準(zhǔn)備好

18 had better (not) do sth.

最好(別)做某事

19 help sb. (to) do

幫助某人做某事

help sb. with sth.

在某方面幫助某人

20 I don’t think that

我認(rèn)為不…

2

21 I would like to /Would you like to…?

我想做…/你想做…嗎?

22 is one of the + 最高級(jí) + n(pl.)…

是最…中的一個(gè)

23 It is +adj. for sb. to do sth.

對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是怎么樣的

24 It is a good idea to do sth.

做某事是個(gè)好主意

25 It is the second + 最高級(jí) +n.

這是第二最…的

26 It looks like …/It sounds like …

這看起來(lái)像…/這個(gè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)像…

27 It seems to sb. that…

對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)似乎是……

28 It sounds +adj. /It looks +adj.

這聽(tīng)起來(lái)…/這個(gè)看起來(lái)…

29 It takes sb. some time to do sth.

做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間

30 It’s bad/good for…

對(duì)…是好的/壞的　　31 It’s time for…/to do sth.

到做某事的時(shí)間了

32 It’s two meters (years) long (high, old). 這個(gè)有 2 米長(zhǎng)/2 年之久……

33 keep (sb.) doing

(讓某人)一直做某事

34 keep/make sth. +adj.

保持/使某人/物…

35 like to do sth.

想做某事

like doing sth.

喜歡做某事

36 make / let sb. (not) do sth. 讓某人(不要)做某事

37 neither…nor…

即不…也不

38 not…at all

一點(diǎn)也不…

39 not…until

直到…才…

40 One…the other…/Some… others… 個(gè)……,，另一個(gè)……/一些……,，另一些……

41 prefer…to

同…相比，更喜歡…

42 see/hear sb. doing sth. 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事

see/hear sb. do sth.

聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/看見(jiàn)某人做了某事

43 so…that …

太…以至于…

44 spend…on /(in) doing sth.

花費(fèi)…在…上(主語(yǔ)為人)

3

45 stop to do sth. /stop doing sth.

停下來(lái)去做某事/停下正在做的事

46 such a +adj. +n. that…

如此……以至于……

47 take/bring sth with sb.

隨身帶去/帶來(lái)某物

48 thank sb for sth.

因……而向某人感謝

49 The more…the more

越…, 就越…

50 There is sth. wrong with… …出了點(diǎn)毛病

51 too…to…

太…以至于不能…

52 used to

過(guò)去常?！?/p>

53 What about /How about…?

…怎么樣?

54 What’s the matter with…?

…有什么問(wèn)題/毛病嗎?

55 What’s wrong with…?

…有什么問(wèn)題/毛病嗎?

56 Why not…?

為什么不…?

57 Will (would, could) you please…?

請(qǐng)問(wèn)您能…?　　

七年級(jí)至九年級(jí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞搭配最全總結(jié)　　一.接動(dòng)詞不定式 ( to do/ do sth )　　1.like to do sth

2.like sb to do sth

3.Let’s (not ) do sth

4.want to do sth

5.want sb to do sth

6.love to do sth

7.ask sb (not ) to do sth

8.stop to do sth

9.tell sb (not ) to do sth

10.watch sb do sth

11.It’s time (for sb) to do sth

12.help sb (to ) do sth

13.help do sth

14.make sb do sth

15.decide (not ) to do sth

16.find it +adj + to do sth

17.have to do sth

18.try (not ) to do sth

19.try one’s best to do sth

20.It’s +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth

21.plan to do sth

22.S.p.+be a good place to do sth

23.It takes sb +some time + to do sth

24.send sb to do sth

25.invite sb to do sth

26.forget to do sth

27.live to be +時(shí)間

28.be able to do sth

29.have sth to do

30.seem to do sth

31.get sb /sth to do sth

32.疑問(wèn)詞+ to do sth

33.need sth to do sth

34.use sth to do sth

35.follow sb to sth

36.need to do sth

37.a good time to do sth

38.the best time to do sth

39.the best way to do sth

40.be the first / last one to do sth

41.would like to do sth

42.be excited /surprised to do sth

43.be useful to do sth

44.be allowed to do sth

45.allow sb to do sth

46.It’s better to do sth

47.It’s best to do sth

48.take care (not) to do sth

49.see sb do sth

50.why not do sth ? 　　　51.have enough time to do sth

52.too… to do sth

53.not… enough to do sth

54.encourage sb to do sth

55.choose to sth

56.wait to do sth

57.be happy/glad/pleased to do sth

58.make it +adj + to do sth

59.be careful to do sth

60.be afraid to do sth

61.It’s our duty to do sth

62.used to do sth

63.can’t afford to do sth

64.make a decision to do sth

65.have an opportunity to do sth

66.wait for sb to do sth

67.would do sth rather than do sth

68.would rather do sth than do sth

69.hurry to do sth

70.refuse to do sth

71.agree to do sth

72.pretend to do sth

73.pretend to be doing sth

74.prefer to do sth

75.prefer not to do sth

76.prefer to do sth raher than do sth

77.be willing to do sth

78.volunteer +時(shí)間/ 錢(qián) + to do sth

79.volunteer to do sth

80.offer to do sth

81.rush to do sth

82.in order (not ) to do sth

83.be certain to do sth

84.be sure to do sth

85.make plans to do sth

86.go out of their way to do sth

87.lead sb to do sth

88.It’s one’s job to do sth

89.It’s one’s turn to do sth

90.urge sb to do sth

91.Could /Would you please (not) do sth ?

92.be supposed to do sth

93.warn sb to do sth

二,、接動(dòng)名詞 (doing sth )

1.like doing sth

2.enjoy doing sth

3.have fun doing sth

4.be interested in doing sth

5.Thanks for doing sth

6.look at sb doing sth

7.stop sb doing sth

8.stop sb from doing sth

9.go + v-ing

10.do the (some )+v-ing 　　　11.What/How doing sth ?

12.practice doing sth

13.watch sb doing sth

14.find sb doing sth

15.mind (one’s ) doing sth

16.can’t stand doing sth

17.think about doing sth

18.spend … (in)doing sth

19.finish doing sth

20.be busy doing sth

21.keep doing sth

22.keep sb from doing sth

23.keep sb doing sth

24.be good at doing sth

25.hate doing sth

26.There be +名詞+doing sth

27.make a living by doing sth

28.have a difficult time doing sth

29.feel like doing sth

30.allow doing sth

31.see sb doing sth

32.by doing sth

33.end up doing sth

34.do a survey about doing sth

35.be afraid of doing sth

36.be used to doing sth

37.be terrified of doing sth

38.give up doing sth

39.instead of doing sth

40.have nothing against doing sth

41.be serious about doing sth

42.have a chance of doing sth

43.before/ when /while +doing sth

44.start doing sth

45.have a lot of experience doing sth

46.prefer doing sth

47.consider doing sth

48.dream of / about doing sth

49.continue doing sth

50.put off doing sth

51.be used for doing sth =be used to do sth

52.prefer doing sth to doing sth

53.without doing sth

54.be comfortable doing sth

55.can’t stop/help doing sth

56.look forward to doing sth

57.be against doing sth

58.have trouble/problems/difficulty (in) doing sth

59.suggest doing sth

60.be busy doing sth

61.be worth doing sth 　　

2014年中考英語(yǔ)必考點(diǎn):重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)與重點(diǎn)句子一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 

1 過(guò)去常?！猽sed to  

2 過(guò)去很害羞----used to be shy

3 害怕黑暗-----be afraid(terrified) of the dark 

4 等一等--------wait a minute  

5在游泳隊(duì)-----on the swim team

6 對(duì)-----感興趣—be interested in   

7 討厭體育課---- -hate gym class     

8 擔(dān)心考試-----wory about tests  

9吃糖---------eat candy          

10 吃口香糖------chew gum   

11聊天-----------chat with

12花----時(shí)間做某事spend----(in) doing    

13 想念過(guò)去的時(shí)光---miass the old days 

14 我的日常生活---my daily life     

15 不得不-----------have to    

16 招惹麻煩---------cause trouble

17 在他爸爸去世以后----after his father’s death  

18 照顧-----------look after      

19 入睡---------go to sleep               

20 最后,，終于-----in the end   

21 做決定，下決心----make a decision      

22 校長(zhǎng)-------head teacher 

23 陷入困境----------get into trouble          

24 放棄戒除-----give up  

25 以-----為驕傲----take pride in         

26 令某人驚訝的是----to one’s surprise 

27 不再----------no longer           

28 在過(guò)去的幾年里-----in the last few years 

29 使我的媽媽更加關(guān)心我 

make my mother pay more attention to me 

30 把他送到一個(gè)男子寄宿學(xué)校-----

send him to a boys’ boarding school

二,、重點(diǎn)句子 

1 你過(guò)去很矮,，不是嗎?---------You used to be short,didn’t you?

2你過(guò)去彈鋼琴嗎,？不,，不彈。 

------Did you used to be play piano?No,I didn’t.　3 我過(guò)去很安靜,。------------------I used to be really quiet.

4你過(guò)去有長(zhǎng)頭發(fā),。----------------You used to have long hair.

5 你以前不喜歡考試。------------You didn’t used to like tests.

6 人們確實(shí)發(fā)生了變化。---------People sure change. 

7 我開(kāi)著臥室的燈睡覺(jué),。 

I go to sleep with my bedroom light on.

8 我很少有時(shí)間去看音樂(lè)會(huì),。----I hardly ever have time for concerts.

9 他的媽媽不能支付起他孩子的學(xué)費(fèi)。 

---His mother couldn’t pay for her child’s education.

10 馬丁是一個(gè)十五歲的男孩,。----------Martin is a fifteen-year-old boy. 

11 我一直害怕孤獨(dú),。-----------------I have been afraid of being alone.

12 我對(duì)音樂(lè)不感興趣。--------------------I’m not interested in music.

13 他并沒(méi)放棄幫助他們,。---------He didn’t give up helping them.

14 我的變化多大?。?----------------------How I have changed!

15看上去他變化了許多,。--------------It seems that he has changed a lot.

16 他是班里做好的學(xué)生之一,。He’s one of the best students in his class.