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20000單詞 二十七 詞根“l(fā)eg-”也有法律“l(fā)aw”的含義,。

 新用戶4541Ay47 2024-11-12

二十七 詞根“l(fā)eg-”也有法律“l(fā)aw”的含義,。

legal [?li:g?l] adj. 與法律有關(guān)的;合法的,;法律允許的 886

助記:

      leg(=law:法律)+al(形容詞后綴,,表示……的)→法律的,合法的 

搭配:

      legal system:法律制度

legally [?li:g?li] adv. 合法地,;法律上地 4615

助記:

      legal(合法的)+-ly(副詞后綴)→合法地 

搭配:

      legally blond:律政俏佳人

legality [li??g?l?t?;l?-] n. 合法性,;(某行為或情況的)法律方面 14365

助記:

      legal(合法的)+-ity(名詞后綴)→合法,合法性 

搭配:

      the legality of the contracts:合同的合法性

legalize [?liɡ?la?z] vt. 使合法化,;法律上認(rèn)為……正當(dāng) 11033

助記:

      leg-(=law:法律)+-al(形容詞后綴)+-ize(動詞后綴,,使……)→使合 法化 

搭配:

      legalize immigration:使移民合法化

legalization [?liɡ?l??ze??n] n. 合法化;法律認(rèn)可 15925

助記:

      legalize(使合法化)+-ation(復(fù)合名詞后綴)→合法化 

搭配:

      morality legalization:道德法律化

illegal [??li?g(?)l] adj. 非法的,;違法的 n. 非法移民,;非法勞工 2087

助記:

      il-(=not,opposite of:否定前綴)+legal(合法的)→非法的,,(移民)非法 入境的 

搭配:

      illegal immigrants/aliens:非法移民/外僑

illegally [??lig?li] adv. 非法地,;違法地 6947

助記:

      illegal(非法地)+-ly(副詞后綴)→非法的,,違法的 

搭配:

      parking illegally:違規(guī)停車

illegitimate [??l??d??t?m?t] adj. 私生的;不合規(guī)則的,;不合法的 12309

助記:

      il-(=not:不,,非)+legitim(使合法)+-ate(形容詞后綴)→legitimate來自 拉丁語legitimus,表示合法的→不合法的 

搭配:

      illegitimate child:非婚生子女,,私生子 illegitimate use of company property:不正當(dāng)使用公司財(cái)產(chǎn)

legislate [?led??sle?t] vt. 制定法律;立法 12853

助記:

      legis(=law:法律)+-late(=propose, make=制定,,提出)→to make laws: 制定,、提出法律→立法 

搭配:

      legislate against excessive overtime:立法禁止過度加班

legislation [led??s?le??(?)n] n. 立法;法律 2034

助記:

      legislate(制定法律)+-ion(名詞后綴,,表示……的行為或結(jié)果)→立法行 為或其結(jié)果→立法,,法律 

搭配:

      housing legislation:住房立法

legislative [?led??sl?t?v] adj. 立法的;制定法律的,;有立法權(quán)的 3577

助記:

      legislate(制定法律)+-ive(形容詞后綴)→立法的 

搭配:

      legislative powers:立法權(quán)

legislator [?led??sle?t?] n. 立法者,;議員;民意代表 4674

助記:

      legislate(立法)+-or(名詞后綴,,表人)→立法者 

搭配:

      a national legislator:國家的立法者

legislature [?led??sl?t??] n. 立法機(jī)構(gòu),;議會 4407

助記:

      legislate(立法)+-ure(名詞后綴)→立法機(jī)構(gòu);議會 

搭配:

      legislative body:立法機(jī)關(guān)

legitimate [l??d??t?m?t] adj. 合法的,;法律認(rèn)可的,;合情理的;正當(dāng)?shù)?;合?婚姻所生的 vt. 使合法化,,同legitimize 3223

詞源:

      mid-15c., “l(fā)awfully begotten, born of parents legally married,” from  Middle French legitimer and directly from Medieval Latin legitimatus,  past participle of legitimare “make lawful, declare to be lawful,” from  Latin legitimus “l(fā)awful,” originally “fixed by law, in line with the law”.  Transferred sense of “genuine, real” is attested from 1550s. Related:  Legitimately; legitimateness. The older adjective in English was legitime  “l(fā)awful, of legitimate birth” (late 14c.), from Old French legitime, from  Latin legitimus. 

助記:

      legitim(=make lawful:使合法)+-ate(形容詞后綴)→合法的 

搭配:

      legitimate interest:合法權(quán)益 legitimate expectation:合法預(yù)期

legitimately [li?d?itimitli] adv. 合理地;正當(dāng)?shù)?13945

助記:

      legitimate(合法的)+-ly(副詞后綴)→合理地,,正當(dāng)?shù)?nbsp;

搭配:

      legitimately optimistic:合理的樂觀

legitimize [l??d??t?ma?z] vt. 使(尤其是壞事)合法化,;正式批準(zhǔn)(或認(rèn)可);賦予 (非婚生子)合法地位,;立為嫡嗣 11819

助記:

      legitimate(=lawful)+-ize(動詞后綴,,表示使……)→to make...lawful: 使……合法化 

搭配:

      legitimize violence:美化暴力

legitimacy [l??d??t?m?s?] n. 合法性;合理性,;正統(tǒng)性 5837

助記:

      legitimate(合法地)+-cy(名詞后綴)→合法,,合理 

搭配:

      a lack of legitimacy:缺乏合法性

privilege [?privilid?] n. (某人或某團(tuán)體獨(dú)享的)特權(quán),優(yōu)惠,;(常指因財(cái)富,、 社會地位而享有的)特權(quán),優(yōu)惠,;榮幸,;榮耀 vt. 給予……特權(quán),;給 予……優(yōu)待 3647

詞源:

      mid-12c. “grant, commission” (recorded earlier in Old English, but as a  Latin word), from Old French privilege “right, priority, privilege” (12c.)  and directly from Latin privilegium “l(fā)aw applying to one person, bill of  law in favor of or against an individual,” in the post-Augustine period “an  ordinance in favor of an individual, privilege, prerogative,” from privus  “individual” (see private (adj.))+lex (genitive legis) “l(fā)aw” (see legal (adj.)).  Meaning “advantage granted” is from mid-14c. in English. 

助記:

      priv-(來源于拉丁語中由privus,表示單獨(dú)的,,個體的)私人的)+i+leg- (=law:法律)+e →享有私人的法律→(有)特權(quán),、權(quán)利 

搭配:

      grant priviledge to sb:給予/授予某人特權(quán) legal privilege:法律特權(quán) abolishing special privileges for:取消對……特別優(yōu)惠

privileged [?pr?v?l?d?d] adj. 有特權(quán)的;受特別優(yōu)待的,;榮幸的,;幸運(yùn)的; 特許保密的 6635

助記:

      privilege(特權(quán),,優(yōu)惠)+-d(形容詞后綴)→有特權(quán)的 

搭配:

      privileged position:特權(quán)地位 privileged information:特許保密信息

loyal [?l?i?l] adj. 忠誠的,;忠心的;忠貞的 n. 效忠的臣民 4824

助記:

      loy(=law:法律)+al(形容詞后綴,,表示……的)→(對法律)信守的,,忠 誠的 

搭配:

      loyal to sb/sth:對……忠誠

loyalist [?l???l?st] n. (尤指在變動時(shí)期對統(tǒng)治者、政府或政黨)忠誠的人 14507

助記:

      loyal(忠誠的)+-ist(名詞后綴,,表人)→對統(tǒng)治者,、政府忠誠的人 

搭配:

      loyalist troops:忠于政府的部隊(duì)

loyalty [?l???lt?] n. 忠心;忠誠,;忠實(shí) 4116

助記:

      loyal(忠誠的)+-ty(名詞后綴,,表性質(zhì)、狀態(tài),、程度)→忠心,,忠誠 

搭配:

      loyalty to/towards sb/sth:對……忠誠 corporate loyalty:企業(yè)忠誠度 a case of divided loyalties:兩面效忠

 詞根“l(fā)eg-”有“法律”的含義。委任,、委派一般是根據(jù)法律,、合同、 任命等委任,、委派出去,,因此“l(fā)eg-”這個詞根也有“送出”的含義。

delegate [?d?l??ɡe?t; -ɡ?t; (for v.,) ?d?l??ɡe?t] vt. 委派……為代表 n. 委托人 5296

助記:

      de-(=from,,away:離開)+leg-(=law:法律)→字面義為 to engage by  contract,,related to contract/law,與訂立合同,,法律有關(guān)→引申義為to  send with a commission,,讓某人帶著使命(使命就類似于合同,有委身 于某項(xiàng)任務(wù)或責(zé)任的含義)→委托某項(xiàng)任務(wù),、使命給某人→委派…為 代表,,委托人 

搭配:

      delegate the authority to...:將權(quán)力授予……

delegation [del??ge??(?)n] n. 代表團(tuán);委托,;授權(quán) 5778

助記:

      delegate(委托)+-ion(名詞后綴)→代表團(tuán),,委托 

搭配:

      delegation of authority/decision-making:授予權(quán)力/決策權(quán) the Dutch delegation to the United Nations:出席聯(lián)合國會議的荷蘭代 表團(tuán)

relegate [?rel?ge?t] vt. 使(運(yùn)動隊(duì),,尤指足球隊(duì))降級;把降低到,;使貶職 9922

詞源:

      1590s “to banish, send into exile,” from Latin relegatus, past participle  of relegare “remove, dismiss, banish, send away, schedule, put aside,”  from re- “back” (see re-)+legare “send with a commission” (see legate).  Meaning “place in a position of inferiority” is recorded from 1790.  Related: Relegated; relegating; relegable. 

助記:

      re-(=back:向后,,往回)+-leg(=to send with a commission:因?yàn)槟稠?xiàng)委 任而送走某人)→古代有流放、撤職,、撇開,、調(diào)動等含義,現(xiàn)在的含 義為放在一個次等的位置→降級,,貶職 

搭配:

      relegate to:把……委托給

legacy [?leg?s?] n. 遺產(chǎn),;(事件或歷史的)遺留問題;后遺癥 3217

詞源:

      late 14c., legacie, “body of persons sent on a mission,” from Medieval  Latin legatia, from Latin legatus “ambassador, envoy, deputy,” noun use  of past participle of legare “send with a commission, appoint as deputy,  appoint by a last will” (see legate). Sense of “property left by will, a gift by  will” appeared in Scottish mid-15c. Legacy-hunter is attested from 1690s. 14世紀(jì)末,,legacie的含義為“負(fù)有某項(xiàng)使命的人”,來自中世紀(jì)拉 丁語legatia,,來自拉丁語legatus“大使,,特使,副職”,,legare的過 去分詞的名詞含義,,“帶著委任狀離開,任命為副手,,通過最后遺 囑任命”,。15世紀(jì)中葉蘇格蘭出現(xiàn)了“因遺囑留下來的遺產(chǎn)”的含 義。Legacy-hunter(為欲得遺產(chǎn)而向人諂諛者)一詞最早于1690年代得 到證實(shí),。 

搭配:

      a small legacy:一小筆遺產(chǎn) 

釋義:

      (N-COUNT) 遺產(chǎn),;遺贈 A legacy is money or property which someone  leaves to you when they die. (N-COUNT) (事件或歷史的)遺留問題,后遺癥 A legacy of an event  or period of history is something which is a direct result of it and which  continues to exist after it is over. “l(fā)eg-”,,“l(fā)og-”也有 speak“說話”的含義,,語言是邏輯的集合,因 此也有“邏輯”的含義,。

logic [?l?d??k] n. 思維方式,;(結(jié)論或觀點(diǎn)的)邏輯;(某種人或某行為領(lǐng)域的) 邏輯 3497

助記:

      mid-14c., logike, “branch of philosophy that treats of forms of thinking;  the science of distinction of true from false reasoning,” from Old French  logique (13c.), from Latin (ars) logica “l(fā)ogic,” from Greek (he) logike  (techne) “(the) reasoning (art),” from fem. of logikos “pertaining to  speaking or reasoning” (also “of or pertaining to speech”), from logos  “reason, idea, word” (see Logos). 

搭配:

      no logic to/in:不具備正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?/p>

logical [?l?d??k(?)l] adj. 邏輯的(觀點(diǎn)或推理方式),;必然的,;合乎情理的 4625

助記:

      logic(邏輯)+-ic(形容詞后綴)→邏輯的觀點(diǎn)或推理方式 

搭配:

      logical conclusion:合乎邏輯的結(jié)論

logically [?lɑd??kli] adv. 邏輯上地;合乎邏輯地 11770

助記:

      logical(邏輯的)+-ly(副詞后綴)→邏輯上地 

搭配:

      logically impossible:邏輯上不成立

logistic [l??d??st?k] adj. 在組織上的,;與后勤有關(guān)的的,;安排協(xié)調(diào)方面的 14958

助記:

      log(=log:理由,想法,,語言)+-istic(復(fù)合形容詞后綴,,-ist+-ic)→在組 織上的,,與后勤有關(guān)的 

搭配:

      logistic management:物流管理

logistical [l??d??st?kl] adj. 在組織上的;后勤方面的,;物流的 12335

助記:

      logistic(物流)+-al(形容詞后綴)→組織上的,物流的 

搭配:

      logistical cost:后勤成本

predilection [?pr?dl??k??n] n. 偏愛,;鐘愛 19464

詞源:

      1742, from French prédilection (16c.), noun of action from Medieval Latin  praedilectus, past participle of prediligere “prefer before others,” from  Latin prae “before” (see pre-)+diligere “choose, love” (see diligent). 

助記:

      pre-(在前)+dilect(=choose,,love:選擇,喜愛)+-ion(名詞后綴)→相比 于其他更喜歡的東西,,在其他東西之前挑選出來→偏愛,,鐘愛 

搭配:

      predilection for...:對……偏愛

syndicate [?s?nd?k?t] n. 聯(lián)合組織;(將稿子或電視節(jié)目)出售給多個媒體,; (報(bào)業(yè))辛迪加 16509

詞源:

      1620s, “council or body of representatives,” from French syndicat (15c.),  from syndic “representative of a corporation” (see syndic)+-at (see -ate  (1)). Meaning “combination of capitalists or companies to carry out  some commercial undertaking” first occurs 1865. Publishing sense of  “association of publishers for purchasing articles, etc., for simultaneous  publication in a number of newspapers” is from 1889. As a synonym for  “organized crime, the Mob” it is recorded from 1929. 

助記:

      syn- (=together:一起,,共同)+dic- (=dict:judgment, justice, usage,  custom,判斷,,裁判,,慣例)+-ate (名詞后綴)→一起做判斷、裁判,, 定下慣例→資本家或公司的組合共同組成大型商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)→企業(yè)聯(lián)合,, 財(cái)團(tuán) 

搭配:

      loan syndicate:貸款財(cái)團(tuán) ...a syndicate of 152

banks:……一個由152家銀行組成的聯(lián)合集團(tuán) 

釋義:

      (N-COUNT) 辛迪加;私人聯(lián)合會;企業(yè)聯(lián)合組織 A syndicate is an  association of people or organizations that is formed for business purposes  or in order to carry out a project. (VERB) 把(新聞或電視節(jié)目)同時(shí)出售給多家媒體(供其發(fā)表或播 放) When newspaper articles or television programs are syndicated, they  are sold to several different newspapers or television stations, who then  publish the articles or broadcast the programs. (N-COUNT) (報(bào)業(yè))辛迪加,巨頭 A press syndicate is a group of  newspapers or magazines that are all owned by the same person or company.

syndicated [?sindikeitid] adj. 成為企業(yè)聯(lián)合的 vt. (將稿子或電視節(jié)目)出售給 多個媒體(一般用作被動語態(tài)) 11258

助記:

      syndicate+-d(形容詞或分詞后綴)→使成為企業(yè)聯(lián)合的,;將……出售給 多個媒體 

搭配:

      be syndicated throughout the world:在世界各地刊登/播出 syndicated lending:企業(yè)聯(lián)合貸款

synchronize [?s??kr?na?z] vt. (使)同步,;(使)在時(shí)間上一致;(使)同速進(jìn)行 16099

詞源:

      1620s, “to occur at the same time,” from Greek synkhronizein “be of  the same time,” from synkhronos “happening at the same time” (see  synchronous). The transitive sense of “make synchronous” is first recorded  1806. Of timepieces by 1879. Related: Synchronized; synchronizing.  Synchronized swimming is recorded from 1950. 

助記:

      syn-(=together:共同)+chron(=chronous:simultaneous,,同時(shí)發(fā)生)+- ize(動詞后綴)→事情同時(shí)發(fā)生,,使同步,在時(shí)間上一致 

搭配:

      synchronize with:(使)同步,,在時(shí)間上一致,,同速進(jìn)行 synchronize watches:對一下表 

釋義:

      (V-RECIP-ERG) (使)同步;(使)在時(shí)間上一致,;(使)同速進(jìn)行 If you  synchronize two activities, processes, or movements, or if you synchronize  one activity, process, or movement with another, you cause them to happen  at the same time and speed as each other. 另外,,“l(fā)eg-”,“l(fā)ec-”也有“to speak, say, declare= 說,,宣布”,, “l(fā)og-”,“l(fā)ogy-”,,“l(fā)ogo-”,,“l(fā)ogos-”,“-logue” 也 有“word,  speech, thought, account= 語言,演講,,思想,,記敘”等含義。

lecture [?lekt??] n. (通常指大學(xué)里的)講座,;批評,;訓(xùn)誡 vi. 講授 vt. 批評;責(zé) 備 3558

助記:

      lect-(=leg-:speak,,to pick out words)+-ure(名詞后綴,,表行為)→說 話、演講的行為(to read or deliver formal discourses),,挑選詞語來說 →挑剔地說,,進(jìn)行訓(xùn)誡,批評(instruct by oral discourse,,to address  severely and at length)→講座,,批評,責(zé)備 

搭配:

      lecture on:有關(guān)……的演講 lecture note:講義,,上課筆記

lecturer [?lekt?(?)r?] n. 講課者,;演講者;講師 10601

助記:

      lect-(=leg-:speak,,to pick out words)+-ure(名詞后綴,省略e)+-er(名 詞后綴,,表人)→講課者,,演講者 

搭配:

      senior lecturer:高級講師 guest lecturer:客座教授

lesson [?les(?)n] n. 課;教訓(xùn) 1332

助記:

      lesson(來自拉丁語legere“to read”)→課,,教訓(xùn) 

搭配:

      have/take driving lessons:學(xué)開車 teach someone a lesson:給……一個 教訓(xùn)

legend [?led?(?)nd] n. 傳說,;傳奇人物;(地圖或書中圖表的)圖例,,說明,, 解釋;(標(biāo)志,、徽記,、硬幣等物品上的)刻印文字,銘文 3412

詞源:

      在早期的14世紀(jì),,其含義指“事件或大事的敘述”,,來自古法語 legende(12世紀(jì), 現(xiàn)代法語為légende),,直接來自中世紀(jì)拉丁語 legenda“傳說,,故事”,特別指圣徒的生活,以前在晨禱以及在修 道院餐廳中誦讀,,字面意思為在教堂的指定日期被閱讀的東西,。引 申義有或沒有圣徒、神跡和奇跡的含義“非歷史的或神話故事”首先 記錄于14世紀(jì)末,。含義為“寫作或題詞”(特別是在硬幣或獎?wù)律?自 1610年代開始,;自1903年起,在地圖,、插圖等上的寫作或題詞的含義 開始出現(xiàn),。成為(某人)自己所在時(shí)代的傳奇是從1958年開始。著名的 IT公司“聯(lián)想公司”的英文名原本就是Legend,。 聯(lián)想的新標(biāo)識“Lenovo”是一個有著特殊含義的字母組合,,“l(fā)e”取 自原先的“Legend”,承繼“傳奇”之意,;“novo”則據(jù)說來源于拉 丁語,,代表創(chuàng)新。 

助記:

      leg-(=to speak:誦讀)+-end(名詞后綴)→被誦讀的東西→傳說,,傳奇 (故事或人物) 

搭配:

      the legends of ancient Greece:古希臘的傳說 a jazz/tennis, etc. legend:爵士樂,、網(wǎng)球等的傳奇人物

legendary [?led?(?)nd(?)r?] adj. 大名鼎鼎的;傳說中的 5054

助記:

      legend(傳說)+-ary(形容詞后綴)→傳說的,,傳奇的 

搭配:

      legendary heroes:英雄傳奇

prologue [?pr??l?g] n. 開場白,;前言 20092

助記:

      pro-(=before:在前,公開)+-logu-(說話)+-e→在正式開場之前說話→ 開場白 

搭配:

      splendid prologue:精彩的序幕

lexicon [?leks?k(?)n] n.(某語言或語言的)全部詞匯,;詞匯表 16650

詞源:

      c. 1600, “a dictionary, a word-book,” from Middle French lexicon or  directly from Modern Latin lexicon, from Greek lexikon (biblion) “word  (book),” from neuter of lexikos “pertaining to words,” from lexis “a word,  a phrase; reason; way of speech, diction, style,” from legein “to say”. 

助記:

      lexicon (from lexis “a word, a phrase; reason; diction”)→全部詞匯,,詞 匯表 

搭配:

      the lexicon of finance and economics:財(cái)經(jīng)詞匯

logo [?l?g??;?l??g??] n. 商標(biāo);徽標(biāo),;標(biāo)識語 6001

詞源:

      simple symbol or graphic meant to represent something, “1937, probably a  shortening of logogram” sign or character representing a word. 

助記:

      可能縮寫自logogram,,代表字詞的標(biāo)記,圖標(biāo),,logo-(字,,詞),詞源 同logos,,-gram,寫,。后用于代表公司或組織的標(biāo)識或徽標(biāo)。 

搭配:

      Expo logo:世博會徽標(biāo) logo label:商標(biāo),,布標(biāo),,牌號 

釋義:

      (N-COUNT) 標(biāo)志;徽標(biāo) The logo of a company or organization is the  special design or way of writing its name that it puts on all its products,  notepaper, or advertisements.

monologue [?m?n(?)l?g] n. 滔滔不絕的講話,;(戲劇,、電影等的)獨(dú)白;獨(dú)角 戲 10598

助記:

      mono-(=single,alone:單個的,,單獨(dú)地)+-logue(對話)→單獨(dú)地,、獨(dú) 自地說話→獨(dú)白,獨(dú)角戲 

搭配:

      a dramatic monologue:戲劇獨(dú)白 interior monologue:內(nèi)心獨(dú)白

dialect [?da??lekt] n. 方言,;土語,;地方話 11007

助記:

      dia-(=across, between:從一邊到另一邊,在……之間)+-lect(=speak: 說)→即人與人之的對話交流,,后用來指區(qū)域性的語言,,即方言→方 言,地方話 

搭配:

      local dialect:地區(qū)方言

dialectic [?da???lekt?k] n. 辯證關(guān)系,;(兩種力量或因素之間的)對立統(tǒng)一,;辨 證法 14248

詞源:

      1640s, “relating to the art of reasoning about probabilities,” from Latin  dialecticus, from Greek dialektikos “of conversation, discourse,” from  dialektos “discourse, conversation” (see dialect). From 1813

as “of or  pertaining to a dialect or dialects.” 

助記:

      dia-(從一邊到另一邊,在……之間)+-lect-(誦讀)+-ic(形容詞后綴)→與 相互之間談話,、論述,、辯論有關(guān)的,(從一邊到另一邊)全方位,、全面 地看待事物→辯證的,,辨明真理的 

搭配:

      materialistic dialectic:唯物辯證法 

釋義:

      (N-COUNT) 辯證關(guān)系;(兩種力量或因素之間的)對立統(tǒng)一 People  refer to the dialectic or dialectics of a situation when they are referring to  the way in which two very different forces or factors work together, and  the way in which their differences are resolved (N-UNCOUNT) 辯證法 In philosophy, dialectics is a method of reasoning  and reaching conclusions by considering theories and ideas together with  ones that contradict them.

dialectical [da???lekt?k(?)l] adj. 辨證的,;方言的 17470

助記:

      dialectic(辯證法的)+-al(形容詞后綴)→辨證的,,辯證法的,方言的 

搭配:

      dialectical relationship:辯證關(guān)系 dialectical unity:辯證統(tǒng)一,,二律 背反

dialog [?da??l?ɡ] n. 對話,;會話 16947

助記:

      dia-(=across,between:在……之間)+-log-(=speak:說話)→交互之間 或在兩人之間的說話→對話,,會話 

搭配:

      dialog box:對話框

dialogue [?da??l?g] n. 對話;(書籍,、影視,、戲劇中的)對白;(尤指集體或國 家間為解決問題,、結(jié)束爭端等進(jìn)行的)對話 2818

助記:

      dia-(=across,,between:在……之間)+logue(說)→交互之間或在兩人 之間的說話→對話,對白 

搭配:

      a constructive dialogue:一次富有建設(shè)性的對話

apology [??p?l?d??] n. 道歉,;辯護(hù),;申辯 4999

詞源:

      公元前399年,古希臘哲學(xué)家蘇格拉底被雅典政府以“褻瀆神靈,、 敗壞青年”的罪名起訴,。蘇格拉底在由500人組成的陪審團(tuán)面前做了 著名的申辯。但申辯并沒能挽救蘇格拉底。蘇格拉底最終被判處死 刑,,飲毒而死,。他的學(xué)生柏拉圖將他這篇申辯詞記錄下來,流傳后 世,。 “申辯”一詞在希臘語中寫作apologia,,意思是“自我辯護(hù)的演 講”。其中,,apo表示“遠(yuǎn)離”,,等于away from,logia源自logos,,表 示“演講”,等于speech,。所以apologia的本意是“自我辯護(hù),,逃離 懲罰的演講”,。英語單詞apology就源自希臘語apologia,保留了“申 辯”的含義,,后來又發(fā)展出“道歉,、謝罪”等含義。這也跟人的習(xí)慣 做法一致,,我們在“道歉”時(shí),,不也總是有意無意地替自己辯解嗎? 

助記:

      apo-(=away from, off:遠(yuǎn)離)+-logy(=speech:說,,演講)→a speech in  defence:為了遠(yuǎn)離過錯,,使看起來情有可原的演講→道歉,辯護(hù),, 申辯 

搭配:

      official apology:官方道歉

apologist [??p?l?d??st] n. 辯解者,;辯護(hù)者 19889

助記:

      apology(道歉,辯護(hù))+-ist(名詞后綴,,表專家)→辯解的專家→辯解者 

搭配:

      a colonial apologist:殖民地的辯護(hù)者

apologize [??p?l?d?a?z] vi. 道歉,;辯解;謝罪 3782

助記:

      apology(道歉,,辯護(hù))+-ize(動詞后綴)→自己證明有利,,為自己進(jìn)行辯 護(hù),申辯(defense,,excuse, justification)→道歉,,辯解 

搭配:

      apologize for...:為……道歉 apologize earnestly:真誠道歉

apologetic [?p?l??d?et?k] adj. 道歉的;謝罪的,;愧疚的15247

助記:

      apology(道歉,,謝罪)+-etic(形容詞后綴)→道歉的,謝罪的,,愧疚的 

搭配:

      apologetic movement:護(hù)教運(yùn)動

apologetically [??pɑl??d??t?kli] adv. 辯解地,;帶有歉意地;道歉地 19699

助記:

      apologetic(道歉的,,謝罪的)+-ally(副詞后綴)→辯解地 

搭配:

      explain apologetically:抱歉地解釋

catalog [?k?t?l?ɡ] n. 目錄 vt. & vi. 登記,;為……編目錄 4494

助記:

      cata-(=down, completely:下去,,徹底)+-log(=to say, account:說)→全 部徹底的羅列出來→列表,,目錄 

搭配:

      product catalog:產(chǎn)品目錄

catalogue [?k?t(?)l?g] vt. 將……列入目錄;為……編目錄,;列舉,,歷數(shù)(尤 指一連串壞事) n. 目錄;名錄,;(尤指壞事)一連串,一系列 6899

助記:

      cata-(=down, completely:在下面,,完全徹底)+-logue(=leg:to say,  account:說話)→在下面分述→目錄,,列舉(尤指壞事) 

搭配:

      a catalogue of misfortune:接二連三地厄運(yùn) illustrated catalogue:圖解 目錄 另外,“l(fā)eg-”的變體“l(fā)og-”也有“ratio,,proportion”“比率,,比例” 的含義。

analog [??n?l?ɡ] n. 相似物,;類似物 adj.(技術(shù))模擬的;(鐘,、表)指針式的 10210

詞源:

      1826, “an analogous thing,” from French analogue (adj. and n.), from  Latin analogus (adj.), from Greek analogos “proportionate, according to  due proportion,” from ana “throughout; according to” (see ana-)+logos  “ratio, proportion,” a specialized use (see Logos). 

助記:

      ana-(=ana:upon, according to, 根據(jù))+-log(=ratio, proportion)→根據(jù) 一個物體的比例來衡量另外一個物體(another spelling (esp. us) of  analogue)→說明兩個物體有相似之處→相似物,類似物,,模擬的 

搭配:

      analogue watch:指針式鐘表

analogous [??n?l?g?s] adj. 類似的 10475

助記:

      analog(類似物)+-ous(形容詞后綴)→類似的 

搭配:

      analogous to/with sth:與……相似,,類似

analogy [??n?l?d??] n. 類似;類推,;類比 5995

助記:

      ana-(根據(jù))+-logy(=proportion:比例)→依據(jù)事物之間的相似度或比例 →類似 

搭配:

      analogy between A and B:在A與B之間進(jìn)行類比 

釋義:

      (N-COUNT) 相似;類似,;類推,;類比 If you make or draw an analogy  between two things, you show that they are similar in some way

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