建立自然保護(hù)地是保護(hù)自然的世界通行做法,，加強(qiáng)自然保護(hù)地體系建設(shè)是全球生物多樣性保護(hù)的一項重要任務(wù),。據(jù)聯(lián)合國環(huán)境署規(guī)劃署與世界自然保護(hù)聯(lián)盟于2021年發(fā)布的《保護(hù)地球報告》，目前全球42%的自然保護(hù)地面積是在2010年至2020年期間新增的,，這成為2010年愛知生物多樣性目標(biāo)中,，少數(shù)得以部分現(xiàn)實的行動之一，為生物多樣性保護(hù)提供了更有力的保障,，也給人類社會帶來更大惠益,。

Building protected areas is a common practice and an important way of protecting biodiversity. According to the Protected Planet Report 2020 by the United Nations Environment Programme and the International Union for Conservation of Nature, 42 percent of the area now marked protected and conserved worldwide was added during the period from 2010 to 2020, making it one of the few goals of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets to have been partially realized. It lays a solid foundation for biodiversity conservation and brings huge benefits to humanity.

中國自1992年簽署《生物多樣性公約》以來，積極履行締約方義務(wù),，持續(xù)加強(qiáng)自然保護(hù)地體系建設(shè),。自《建立國家公園體制總體方案》和《關(guān)于建立以國家公園為主體的自然保護(hù)地體系的指導(dǎo)意見》分別于2017年、2019年發(fā)布以來,，建設(shè)具有中國特色的國家公園體制和自然保護(hù)地體系得以穩(wěn)步推進(jìn),。截至2020年底，中國共建立各類自然保護(hù)地1.18萬個,，占陸域國土面積的18%,，提前達(dá)到了“2020年愛知目標(biāo)”所提出的17%目標(biāo)。以國家公園為主體的自然保護(hù)地體系,，在全民共享和萬物共生方面發(fā)揮的積極作用日益明顯,，既是中國特色國家公園體制和自然保護(hù)地體系建設(shè)的目標(biāo)和基本遵循,，也體現(xiàn)了體制和體系建設(shè)的成果。

圖片來源：中國日報

在全民共享方面,，已建立的自然保護(hù)地正在成為廣大公眾的自然課堂,、游憩圣地、精神家園,。2021年,，進(jìn)入的公眾數(shù)量多達(dá)20億人次。首批設(shè)立的三江源,、大熊貓,、東北虎豹、武夷山,、海南熱帶雨林等5個國家公園開展了自然教育活動,，組織中小學(xué)生走進(jìn)國家公園，感受原生態(tài)之美,，進(jìn)行自然探索和生態(tài)體驗活動,，系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)生態(tài)保護(hù)知識。西雙版納,、鄱陽湖,、鼎湖山等絕大多數(shù)自然保護(hù)區(qū)都開展了生態(tài)旅游活動，組織游客到自然保護(hù)區(qū)試驗區(qū),，享受,、了解、研究自然景觀,、野生動植物及其相關(guān)文化特征,。森林公園、濕地公園,、地質(zhì)公園等自然公園提供了觀賞,、文化和自然體驗服務(wù)，成為公眾周末和節(jié)假日休憩和愉悅的首選場合,。全民共享滿足了廣大公眾不斷增長的生態(tài)產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)需求,，助力提升公眾的生態(tài)保護(hù)意識和能力。

The natural protected areas are attracting more and more people to enjoy the beauty of nature and relax both physically and spiritually. In 2021, more than 2 billion visits were made to the country's protected areas. In the first batch of five national parks－namely the Three-River-Source National Park, the Wuyishan National Park, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park and the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park－teenagers have the opportunity to relish the primitive beauty and wonders of nature and learn about ecological conservation.

In many protected areas, such as the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve and Poyang Lake, ecotourism has been thriving, with tourists flocking to relax in the lap of nature. Other nature reserves such as forest parks, wetland parks and geological parks are also attracting people to have close contacts with nature during weekends and holidays. The growing diversified green services and products provided by protected areas have raised citizens' awareness of ecological conservation.

在萬物共生方面,，已建立的自然保護(hù)地有效保護(hù)了90%的植被系統(tǒng)和陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng),、85%的國家重點(diǎn)保護(hù)野生動植物種群，成為野生動植物的樂土,、福地和家園,。在首批設(shè)立的5個國家公園內(nèi)，大熊貓,、東北虎,、東北豹、海南黑冠長臂猿,、白唇鹿等國家珍稀瀕危野生動物種群數(shù)量穩(wěn)步上升,，大黃花蝦脊蘭、海南蘇鐵,、坡壘等國家一級保護(hù)野生植物得以首次發(fā)現(xiàn)或有效保護(hù),。

In terms of biodiversity conservation, China's protected areas have brought 90 percent of terrestrial ecosystem types and 85 percent of key State-protected wildlife specifies under effective protection. The first batch of five national parks are sanctuaries for rare animals such as giant pandas, Siberian tigers, Amur leopard, black crested gibbon, and white-lipped deer, as well as key State-protected wild plants such as Cycas hainanensis and Hopea hainanensis.

圖片來源：中國日報

作為中國唯一亞洲象分布地區(qū)的云南省，西雙版納,、納版河,、南滾河自然保護(hù)區(qū)為核心象群提供了關(guān)鍵棲息地，為象群數(shù)量從1975年的150多頭增長至當(dāng)前的360余頭,，發(fā)揮了不可或缺的重要支持作用,。自然公園內(nèi)鳥語花香，山清水秀,，成為人與野生動植物共同家園的縮影,。萬物共生保障了野生動植物的健康生息和持續(xù)繁衍，也為尊重自然,、愛護(hù)自然,、保護(hù)自然提供了方向引領(lǐng)。

成果的取得得益于中國堅持以人民為中心推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè),，堅持“生態(tài)紅線”和空間用途管制不動搖,，堅持發(fā)揮特色體制優(yōu)勢集中力量辦大事；為國際社會,，特別是發(fā)展中國家,，在面臨人口增長、城市化進(jìn)程加快,、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致資源環(huán)境壓力上升時,，如何建立健全生物多樣性保護(hù)體系，提供了“中國方案”,，也將豐富“構(gòu)建人類生命共同體”的“中國故事”,。

These achievements can be credited to China's consistent efforts to build an ecological civilization, including its adhering to an ecological 'redline' strategy, and leveraging its advantage in mobilizing resources to accomplish major initiatives. These achievements have offered the global community, especially developing countries, which are plagued by resources and environmental constraints caused by fast-growing population, urbanization and economic development, a solution to conserving biodiversity and building a shared future for all life on Earth.

在全球范圍內(nèi)，無論是美國的黃石國家公園,，還是德國的凱勒森林-埃德湖國家公園,、坦桑尼亞的塞倫蓋蒂國家公園，都是無人區(qū),，公園內(nèi)沒有人居住,。然而，中國的國家公園,、自然保護(hù)區(qū)不僅不是無人區(qū),，還都有大量的人口居住,。比如，三江源國家公園內(nèi)的牧民多達(dá)6.4萬人,、16621戶,。據(jù)2013年的一項調(diào)查，中國自然保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)的居住人口多達(dá)1000萬人,。

Some world-famous national parks, such as the Yellowstone National Park in the United States, Kellerwald-Edersee National Park in Germany and Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, are uninhabited. But in China, national parks and nature reserves are home to a large number of human residents. In the Three-River-Source National Park, for example, there are more than 60,000 herdsmen from 16,000 households. And a survey in 2013 found that China's nature reserves were home to more than 10 million people.

圖片來源：中國日報

由此可見,，中國的自然保護(hù)地是以生物多樣性保護(hù)、大自然展示和生態(tài)文化傳承為基本功能,，致力于打造成為人與自然和諧共生的示范區(qū),，自然保護(hù)與綠色發(fā)展高度統(tǒng)籌的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)。以武夷山國家公園為例,，在國家公園管理局提供的技術(shù)支持下,，區(qū)內(nèi)農(nóng)戶種植和生產(chǎn)生態(tài)茶，實現(xiàn)比區(qū)周邊農(nóng)戶更高的收入,，成為當(dāng)?shù)芈氏雀黄饋淼娜?，實踐了自然保護(hù)與綠色發(fā)展的協(xié)同共進(jìn)。

As such, the country's protected areas are intended to protect not only ecosystems, natural scenery and biodiversity, but also cultural relics within each region, and serve as ecological demonstration zones where human and nature coexist harmoniously, and economic development doesn't come at the expense of biodiversity. One such example is Wuyishan National Park where local farmers' incomes have increased through growing eco-friendly tea, with technical support from the park's administration.

中國的自然保護(hù)地不僅是建設(shè)在國有土地上,，還包括大量由農(nóng)村人口共同擁有的集體土地,，特別是集體林地，以保障自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的原真性和完整性,。為保障集體林主的權(quán)益,，自然保護(hù)地管理單位須與相關(guān)的農(nóng)村社區(qū)簽署“委托代管協(xié)議”，即須得到農(nóng)村社區(qū)的同意,，才能將集體林納入自然保護(hù)地,。納入自然保護(hù)地的集體林被作為生態(tài)公益林管理，不能用來生產(chǎn)木材,，由此導(dǎo)致的集體林主損失通過公益林生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償制度予以彌補(bǔ),。例如2018年建立的錢江源國家公園內(nèi)的集體林比重高達(dá)80.3%，涉及21個行政村,，全部與管理局簽訂了協(xié)議,，由浙江省財政提供生態(tài)補(bǔ)償金,，補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實行動態(tài)增長,。