博物微觀丨西晉銅三輪鳩車(chē)

Splendors of Luoyang Museum：Bronze Pigeon Car of the Western Jin Dynasty

《博物微觀》帶您觸摸華夏文明發(fā)展脈搏,，感受千年古都?xì)v史文化,。　　

Splendors of Luoyang Museum takes you to touch the pulse of Chinese civilization and feel the history and culture of this millennium ancient capital.?

鳩車(chē)為古代兒童玩具,。史書(shū)記載自漢代以來(lái)兒童：“年五歲有鳩車(chē)之樂(lè),，小兒五歲有鳩車(chē)之戲?！边@件西晉銅三輪鳩車(chē),，1989年于洛陽(yáng)偃師晉墓中出土，高6.5厘米,，呈一可愛(ài)的長(zhǎng)尾鳩鳥(niǎo)形,，胸前有一可供牽引的環(huán)鼻，兩翼呈車(chē)輪狀,，尾部下方有一小圓輪,。與“尊老”相對(duì)應(yīng)，漢代社會(huì)亦提倡愛(ài)幼,，這也是漢代鳩車(chē)流行的重要原因,。《左傳》中曾提到：“鳩之養(yǎng)其子,，朝從上下，暮從下上,，平均如一,。”反映出鳩在養(yǎng)子時(shí)的舐?tīng)僦?。鳩在古代還有平安之意,，漢代人把鳩鳥(niǎo)視為一種瑞鳥(niǎo)，“鳩”與“久”諧音,，所以鳩鳥(niǎo)蘊(yùn)含“長(zhǎng)久”,、“久安”等美好寓意。傳達(dá)出大人們希望孩子安樂(lè)長(zhǎng)久的愿望,，這件西晉銅三輪鳩車(chē)反映了漢代風(fēng)俗在晉代的延續(xù),。

　　Pigeon car is an ancient children's toy. Historical books recorded that children have the joy of playing pigeon cars at the age of five since the Han Dynasty. Unearthed in the Jin Tomb of Yanshi County， Luoyang in 1989,， the bronze three-wheel pigeon car of the Western Jin Dynasty is 6.5cm high and in the shape of a lovely long tailed pigeon. There is a ring nose on the chest for traction,， two wings in the shape of wheels,， and a small round wheel under the tail. The Han Dynasty advocated loving the young in response to Chinese custom of “respecting the elderly”， which was also an important reason for the popularity of pigeon cars in the Han Dynasty. The classic,， Zuo’s Commentary,， described that “a pigeon raises offspring from the morning to the evening with full care”， reflecting the bonding between parental pigeon and its cubs when cubs are in the nest and after fledging. The pigeon was symbolic of peace in ancient times. People regarded the pigeon as a kind of auspicious bird in the Han Dynasty. “Pigeon” is the homonymous word with Chinese character “Jiu” in pronunciation,， so “Jiu” contains good wishes for assuring long,， peaceful and harmonious life. This bronze three-wheel pigeon car in the Western Jin Dynasty reflects the continuation of the custom of the Han Dynasty in the Jin Dynasty.

　　Noticing board：“Jiu”（鳩） is the general name of some dove birds， whose appearance resembles grey pigeon.?