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為了強(qiáng)調(diào),、突出等詞語的目的而顛倒原有語序的句式叫做倒裝句,。在倒裝句中，顛倒了的成分可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變,，句法成分不變,。
一、only 的倒裝 按英語習(xí)慣,，當(dāng)“only + 狀語”位于句首時(shí),，其后句子要用部分倒裝，其中,，only 后的狀語可以是副詞,、介詞短語、從句等,，例如： Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那時(shí)他才意識(shí)到他錯(cuò)了,。 Only then did I understand what she meant. Only recently have I become convinced that we made the right decision in moving. The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飛機(jī)駕駛員要乘客們放心,，這時(shí)我才明白剛才的情況有多危險(xiǎn)。Only in this way are you able to do it well. Only in this way can our honour be saved. Only in this way can we learn English. Only on one point do I agree with you. Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. 注意,，在 only 后作狀語的是從句時(shí)，從句不要用倒裝,，要部分倒裝的是主句,。如： Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 當(dāng)他回到家里時(shí),才知道出了什么事。Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我們只是在著陸之后才看到飛機(jī)損壞的嚴(yán)重程度,。二,、副詞 so 的倒裝 這類倒裝主要見于以下兩種情形： 1、當(dāng)副詞 so 后接形容詞或副詞位于句首時(shí),，其后要用部分倒裝,，例如： So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷，我們只好呆在家里,。 So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,，我們幾乎沒法想象它的速度。 So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 襲擊來得非常突然,，我們來不及逃跑,。 2、當(dāng)要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情況也同樣適合于后者,，通常就要用“So + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語”這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),，例如：You are young and so am I. She likes music and so do I. If he can do it, so can I. 三、倒裝句中的主謂一致 在“副詞 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away 等作狀語或表語的介詞短語或分詞短語＋謂語動(dòng)詞＋主語”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中,，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由動(dòng)詞后面的主語決定,，例如： On the wall hang two maps. 墻上掛著兩張地圖,。 On the wall hangs a world of map. 墻上掛著一張世界地圖。 Here is your coat. 這是你的外套,。 Here are your running-shoes. 這是你的跑鞋,。 Such is the result. 結(jié)果就是這樣。 Such are the results. 這就是結(jié)果,。 here 和 there 之后以及諸如 back, down, off, up 等一類的副詞小品詞之后，名詞主語一般置于謂語之后,。這類副詞常與諸如 come 和 go 等轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞一起連用,，例如： There goes the last train! Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 當(dāng)我們給人東西或確定位置時(shí)，這種倒裝常用在 be 之后,，例如： Here’s a cup of tea for you.---->給東西 Here are your letters. ---->給與或指明There’s (重讀) Johnny smith. ---->確定位置地點(diǎn)狀語后面如有表示位置的動(dòng)詞 (如 lie, live, sit, stand) 或轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞 (如 come, go, rise)，用作主語的名詞可以放在動(dòng)詞之后,。這種情形主要出現(xiàn)在描寫文中,，例如：At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 別的動(dòng)詞如屬被動(dòng)語態(tài)也可以倒裝,，例如：In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 否定或近似否定副詞(往往是時(shí)間或頻度副詞,，如 never, rarely, seldom),，或是具有否定作用的副詞，如 little, on no account 等,，例如：Never/Seldom has there been so much protest against the Bomb. 這么強(qiáng)烈的反對原子彈的抗議活動(dòng)從未/很少/有過,。Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他對這個(gè)會(huì)議的重要性不甚了了,。On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 當(dāng)這種副詞不在句首時(shí),，當(dāng)然應(yīng)該用正常詞序，例如：There has never/seldom been so much protest against the Bomb. 從未 / 很少發(fā)生過這么強(qiáng)烈的反對原子彈的抗議活動(dòng),。He little realizes how important this meeting is. 另外，有些含有否定意義的介詞短語置于句首時(shí),，其后也要用倒裝,，例如：In no case should you give up. On no accounts must this switch be touched.In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. No way will I go on working for that man. 按英語習(xí)慣,，當(dāng) never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, no, no sooner, by no means, under no circumstances 等否定詞置于句首時(shí),，其后要用部分倒裝。如：Never did I see him again. Little did I dream that the girl was my niece. Seldom does he go out for dinner. Hardly does she have time to listen to music. No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. Not until we lose our health do we realize its value. No sooner had she agreed to marry him than she started to have terrible doubts. 她剛同意嫁給他她就開始產(chǎn)生可怕的疑慮,。 Under no circumstances are children allowed in the bar. 八,、涉及 not only … but also … 的部分倒裝not only … but also … 前后連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí),，not only 后的句子要用部分倒裝，但 but also 后的分句不用倒裝,。如： Not only did he come, but he saw her. Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knows how to type. 她不但會(huì)說西班牙語,，還會(huì)打字呢,。Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不僅他講得更正確,，也講得更不費(fèi)勁了,。Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他們不但做了音樂表演，而且簡短地介紹了西方銅管樂器的歷史,。九,、類似So/Neither do I 的部分倒裝 so/neither/nor表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者時(shí)，其句型是：so/neither/nor + 特殊詞 + 主語,。使句此句型需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1,、內(nèi)容是肯定時(shí)，用 so,，內(nèi)容是否定時(shí),，用 neither 或 nor。2,、“特殊詞”與前句中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,、助動(dòng)詞或 be 相同，或根據(jù)前句的時(shí)態(tài),，用do, does, did,。3,、“特殊詞”的人稱和數(shù)與其后的主語一致,。You are young and so am I. You aren’t young and neither am I. She likes music and so do I. If he can do it, so can I. She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 在so ... that … 結(jié)構(gòu)中,，若將so + adj. / adv. 置于句首,，則其后的主句要用部分倒裝，例如： So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他們吃得太多了，一個(gè)小時(shí)都動(dòng)彈不得。 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 類似地,，當(dāng) such … that … 結(jié)構(gòu)的 such … 置于句首時(shí),，such 后的句子也要使用部分倒裝，例如：Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或者為了使句子平衡或者為了使上下文連接得更加緊密，就將表語和地點(diǎn)狀語（多為介詞短語）置于句首,，謂語動(dòng)詞也常置于主語前,，構(gòu)成完全倒裝，例如：By the door stood an armed guard. At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone. Among these people was his friend Jim. By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.窗戶邊坐著一個(gè)年輕人,，手里拿著一本雜志,。 At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book. 十二,、as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)的倒裝as 作“雖然”解，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),，必須將表語,、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形提到 as前面。此時(shí)應(yīng)注意幾點(diǎn)：一是若提前的表語是沒有形容詞修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,，要省略不定冠詞,；二是若提前的是動(dòng)詞原形(多為不及物動(dòng)詞)，與之連用的通常是 may, might, will, would 等,，且這些詞都要保留在原來的位置上(主語后),；三是 though 有時(shí)也可像as這樣使作倒裝，例如：Tired as I was, I tried to help them. Try as he would, he couldn’t open the door. Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 無論怎樣搜查,，他們在房子里仍然沒有找到一個(gè)人,。 Hard as (though) they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl. 他雖是個(gè)男孩,，但舉止卻像個(gè)女孩,。 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),，可將謂語部分的現(xiàn)在分詞,、過去分詞或不定式置于句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝,，例如：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. Standing beside the table was his wife. To be carefully considered are the following questions.
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