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中學(xué)英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)系列講座與訓(xùn)練(13)

 紫微o太微o天市 2019-10-31

高考閱卷老師贊不絕口的句型-----英語(yǔ)倒裝句

倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)真耀眼,,閱卷老師好喜歡,;

芬芳美麗又鮮艷,表達(dá)生輝賽牡丹,!

今天將要和大家討論的話(huà)題是英語(yǔ)的倒裝句,。它在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)中可謂是人見(jiàn)人愛(ài)的名角啦!本人就親眼目睹過(guò)高考閱卷老師在閱讀到一位考生倒裝句寫(xiě)得妙的試卷時(shí),,情不自禁地拍手稱(chēng)好的情景,。高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)要求適當(dāng)使用較為復(fù)雜的句式,倒裝句就屬于此類(lèi)句型之一,。倒裝句分為部分倒裝和完全倒裝兩種,。凡是非主語(yǔ)在前謂語(yǔ)在后的語(yǔ)序的句子,英語(yǔ)中都稱(chēng)為倒裝句,。具體地講,,我們把原本應(yīng)放在主語(yǔ)之后的部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞移到主語(yǔ)之前的句子稱(chēng)為部分倒裝句,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)部分倒裝,。如:Never have I been late for school this term. (這學(xué)期我上學(xué)從未遲到,。) (have 原本應(yīng)放在主語(yǔ)I之后的。) 把原本應(yīng)放在主語(yǔ)之后的全部謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞移到主語(yǔ)之前的句子稱(chēng)為完全倒裝句,,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)完全倒裝,。如:Gone are the days when we use foreign satellite navigation technology! (我們使用外國(guó)的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航技術(shù)的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了!)此句的倒裝發(fā)生在主句中,,are gone 這部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部移到了主語(yǔ)the days 的前邊,。由于倒裝的需要,are gone也變成了gone are,。今天,,我們將重點(diǎn)討論中學(xué)英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)中常用的幾種倒裝句型。

請(qǐng)看下面句子,,并將它們用中文表達(dá),,想一想,它們倒裝的原因是什么,?

1) Only then did he realize that he was wrong. Only then did he realize the importance of learning French.

Only in this way will you be able to learn the calligraphy well.

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.

2) Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.

3) Tired as I was, I tried to help them. Young as he is,,he knows a lot. Surrounded as we were by the enemy,we managed to fight our way out. Hero as she is, she is still an easy-going woman.

4) So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

以上是部分倒裝

8) They arrived at a small village, in front of which was a big river.

9)Such was Albert Einstein , a simple man and 20thcentury’s greatest scientist.

10) Here comes the bus.

11)The door opened and in came Mr. Smith.

★答案與講解

1) 到那時(shí)他才意識(shí)到他錯(cuò)了,。到那時(shí)他才意識(shí)到學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)的重要性,。你只有用這種方法才能把書(shū)法學(xué)好。當(dāng)他回到家里時(shí),才知道出了什么事,。

only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首時(shí),,該句主句中發(fā)生部分倒裝。這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)可以是一個(gè)詞(如then),,可以是個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)(如:in this way),還可以是個(gè)從句(如:when he returned home),。然后,后面主句部分倒裝,。又如: Only in the library can she concentrate on her study. (只有在圖書(shū)館里她才能把注意力集中到學(xué)習(xí)上去,。)

Only after entering the shop did Mary realize that she had no money on her.

(只是進(jìn)了商店瑪麗才意識(shí)到身上沒(méi)帶錢(qián)。 ) Only when we got there did we find that the train had gone.(只是當(dāng)我們到達(dá)那兒時(shí)才發(fā)現(xiàn)火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了,。)

2我不會(huì)忘記我參軍的那一天,。

某些否定副詞開(kāi)頭的句子要部分倒裝。在以never,、little,、hardly、not only,、few,、not、seldom,、scarcely,、rarely、no sooner,、no longer,、nowhere等否定副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中,采用部分倒裝;如果不放在句首就不要倒裝,。又如:Seldom does he go out for dinner. (他很少出去吃飯,。) Hardly does she have time to listen to music.(他幾乎沒(méi)有時(shí)間聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。) Little does he realize how important this conference is .(他不大明白這次大會(huì)有多重要,。) 注意:not until位于句首時(shí),,其本身引導(dǎo)的句子不倒裝,后面的主句部分倒裝,!如:Not until the rain stopped did she leave the classroom (雨停了之后她才離開(kāi)教室,。); No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. (我們剛到機(jī)場(chǎng),,飛機(jī)就起飛了。) 注意:no sooner 所在的句子本身部分倒裝且動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí),;Not only is she smart ,,but also she is beautiful. (她不僅人聰明而且長(zhǎng)得也漂亮。)Scarcely had I sat down to eat when the phone rang.(我剛坐下來(lái)吃飯,電話(huà)就響了,。)Scarcely…when…;Hardly …when…; No sooner … than…; 都是 “一……就……” 的意思,。倒裝都發(fā)生在scarcely, hardly 和no sooner 所在的主句中,并且用過(guò)去完成時(shí),。又如: Hardly had I finished eating when he came in,。我剛吃完飯,他就來(lái)了,。

★初學(xué)記不住都有哪些副詞放在句首需部分倒裝,,下面這個(gè)順口溜(多念幾遍)或許能幫上您的忙:

Never、little,、hardly;

Few,、 not 和rarely ;

seldom、 no sooner;

not only ,、no longer;

還有nowhere,、scarcely.

3 雖然我很累,我還是努力幫助他們,。盡管他很年輕,,但是他知道很多。盡管被敵人包圍了,,我們還是設(shè)法沖了出來(lái),。雖然她是英雄,但她仍然很平易近人,。

as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句要倒裝,。結(jié)構(gòu)為:“名詞(不加任何冠詞)/形容詞/副詞/動(dòng)詞/分詞+ as +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)?!?又如:Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true.這個(gè)故事看似荒唐,,卻是真的。 Child as he is, he can speak two languages.雖然他還是個(gè)孩子,,但他能說(shuō)兩種語(yǔ)言,。(此倒裝句相當(dāng)于although he is a child…) Try as he would ,he could not lift the rock. 雖然盡了最大努力,但他還是搬動(dòng)不了那塊石頭,。(相當(dāng)于although he would try…)

4他害怕的很,,動(dòng)也不敢動(dòng)。

So/such…that 結(jié)構(gòu)中so/such置于句首時(shí)so/such引導(dǎo)的句子部分倒裝,。

又如: So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.他憤怒的一句話(huà)也說(shuō)不出來(lái),。

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天氣太冷,我們只好呆在家里,。Such a nice man does he seem that we all believe him.

他象個(gè)很和藹的人,,所以我們都相信他了,。

8他們來(lái)到一個(gè)小村莊,村莊前面是條大河.

為了保持句子平衡,或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分,或是上下文緊密銜接時(shí),句子要完全倒裝.句8)是為了上下文緊密銜接才倒裝的,,即in front of which was a big river中的which與主句中的village 緊密銜接,。該句若不倒裝,正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)是:They arrived at a small village, and a big river was in front of the village.這樣就出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)village,不但重復(fù),,而且句子結(jié)構(gòu)松散,。沒(méi)有原句表達(dá)緊湊。

有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某個(gè)部分,,就將表語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(多為介詞短語(yǔ))置于句首,,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也常置于主語(yǔ)前,構(gòu)成完全倒裝,。如:By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. (窗戶(hù)邊坐著一個(gè)年輕人,,手里拿著一本雜志。)正常語(yǔ)序是:a young man with a magazine in his hand sat by the window. 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)by the window,采用了完全倒裝,。又如:From the valley came a frightening sound. (從山谷里傳來(lái)了令人可怕的聲音,。) 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)from…valley.

South of the city lies a big steel factory. (城南坐落著一座鋼鐵廠。)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)south of the city.采用了倒裝,。這種倒裝常出現(xiàn)在書(shū)面表達(dá)中或文學(xué)作品中,。這樣寫(xiě)句子顯得更生動(dòng)活潑。

9 這就是艾爾伯特·愛(ài)因斯坦,,一位儉樸的人,,20世紀(jì)最偉大的科學(xué)家。

此句中的such 常被看成是表語(yǔ),。was后的才是主語(yǔ),。人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要與后面主語(yǔ)保持一致。又如:such is our monitor, an unselfish man. (這就是我們的班長(zhǎng),,一個(gè)無(wú)私的人,。) 這種倒裝句常用在書(shū)面表達(dá)中用來(lái)描寫(xiě)人物。也可用于寫(xiě)物:如:Such would be our home in the future. 我們將來(lái)的家就是這個(gè)樣子,。

10) 公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了,。

here 和there位于句首時(shí)倒裝

表示地點(diǎn)的here和 there位于句首時(shí),其后用完全倒裝形式,。

Here’s Tom. 湯姆在這里,。There’s Jim. 吉姆在那兒。There goes the bell. 鈴響了,。There goes the last train. 最后一班火車(chē)開(kāi)走了,。【注意】1) 以上倒裝句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞come和go不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),,即不能說(shuō) Here is coming the bus,。

11)門(mén)開(kāi)了,,史密斯先生進(jìn)了來(lái),。

地點(diǎn)副詞away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首時(shí),,其后用完全倒裝語(yǔ)序。 如:Away went the runners. 賽跑選手們跑遠(yuǎn)了,。Round and round flew the plane. 飛機(jī)盤(pán)旋著,。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,傘都撐起來(lái)了,。

不倒裝的情況:

1) Only /not only … but also…修飾句子主語(yǔ)時(shí),。

如:Only doctors can enter the room只有醫(yī)生能進(jìn)這個(gè)房間。Not only you but also your younger brother can pass the test.您哥倆都能通過(guò)測(cè)試,。

2) 以here , there,,up 等開(kāi)頭的句子,主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),。

如:Here it comes. 它來(lái)了,。 There she goes. 她走了。Up it went. 它上去了,。

Here you are. 給你,。There she is. 她在那兒。Here it is. 給你,。Here he comes. 他來(lái)了,。There it is. 就這樣 Away he went. 他跑遠(yuǎn)了。Down it came. 它掉了下來(lái),。

3) in no time(立即,,馬上)位于句首時(shí)。

In no time he worked out the problem. 他馬上就算出了那道題,。

小試牛刀:請(qǐng)將下列短文用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)(答案見(jiàn)下期)

在有些學(xué)校,,學(xué)生們的課程和作業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重。學(xué)生們每天所做的就是聽(tīng)老師講課,,記筆記和做似乎沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的作業(yè),。我真的希望老師們能給學(xué)生更多的幫助,少講點(diǎn)課,,少布置點(diǎn)練習(xí)和家庭作業(yè),。只有這樣,學(xué)生們每天才有時(shí)間去運(yùn)動(dòng),,身心才能都獲得健康,。

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