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《詩經(jīng)》是中國(guó)最早的詩集，英譯本版本眾多,，且各具特色,。本文將比較其中影響力較大的理雅各譯本和許淵沖譯本。兩位譯者都是頂尖的翻譯大家,，但因兩位譯者所處的時(shí)代,、背景、身份,、經(jīng)歷等都不盡相同,，且由于各自不同的翻譯目的，兩個(gè)譯本之間存在較大的差異,。 理雅各是完整翻譯《詩經(jīng)》的第一人,，強(qiáng)調(diào)忠實(shí)原文，翻譯更偏向直譯,。其譯本通常不僅包括原詩及其翻譯,，還增加了詳盡的解釋和評(píng)注，因此譯本較長(zhǎng),。而許淵沖的譯本踐行了自己提出的“三美”論（意美,、音美、形美）,。許淵沖認(rèn)為翻譯最重要的是要盡可能保持原作的美,，為了不損害《詩經(jīng)》的簡(jiǎn)潔之美，譯文沒有過多的注釋,。 例1,、昔我往矣，楊柳依依,。今我來思,，雨雪霏霏。 理譯：And no one knows our sadness. At first, when we set out, The willows were fresh and green; Now, when we shall be returing, The snow will be falling in clouds. 許譯：When I left here, Willows shed tear. I come back now, Snow bends the bough. 解析：兩種譯本通過不同的詩歌形式,，都保留了原詩的意義。理雅各的譯本提供了大量詳細(xì)注釋和評(píng)論,，讀起來更像散文,，具有很高的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值。而許淵沖的譯本通過運(yùn)用韻律，在保留原詩美學(xué)的同時(shí),，韻腳工整,，格律嚴(yán)格。 原詩結(jié)構(gòu)一致,，講究押韻,。理雅各嚴(yán)格遵守原詩的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和順序，但沒有押韻,。讀起來更像是富有樂感散文,。許淵沖煞費(fèi)苦心來保留原詩音韻美，譯文韻律格式采用：AABBCC,每行四個(gè)音節(jié),，雙行押韻,。 例2、彼采葛兮,。一日不見,，如三月兮。 彼采蕭兮,。一日不見,，如三秋兮。 彼采艾兮,。一日不見,，如三歲兮。 理譯：There he is gathering the dolichos! Is like three seasons! A day without seeing him There he is gathering the mugwort! Is like three months! A day without seeing him There he is gathering the oxtail-southerwood! Is like three years! A day without seeing him 許譯：One Day when I See Her Not When her I do not see, To gather vine goes she One day seems long as seasons three. When her I do not see, To gather herbs goes she. One day seems longer than months three. When her I do not see, To gather reed goes she. One day seems longer than years three. 解析：該詩用重調(diào)疊詠的手法形象生動(dòng)地描寫了相愛青年男女彼此思念的心情,。全詩由三節(jié)組成,，“一日不見”在每節(jié)重復(fù)，其他行也只改動(dòng)了一個(gè)字,，情感程度逐漸加深,。兩譯本都保留了原詩的重調(diào)疊詠，但實(shí)現(xiàn)的方式有所不同,。理雅各直譯原詩的每一個(gè)詞,，詞序沒有發(fā)生任何變化，用詞與結(jié)構(gòu)與原詩完全一致,，較為可惜的是沒有像原詩一樣押韻,。許淵沖沒有字字對(duì)譯，對(duì)詞序做了靈活處理,，以更好地傳遞原詩字里行間所表露出的深層含義和情感,。對(duì)于第二節(jié)詠嘆部分“l(fā)ong as'稍作變動(dòng)，全詩沒有完全一致采用 “l(fā)onger than'. 例3,、 召南·野有死麕 理譯：In the wild there is a dead antelope, And it is bound round with the white grass. And it is wrapped up with the white grass. There is a young lady like a gem. There is a young lady with thoughts natural to the spring, [She says], Slowly, gently, gently; And a fine gentleman would lead her astray. Do not move my handkerchief; In the forest there are th scrubby oaks; Do not make my dog bark. In the wild there is a dead deer, 許譯：An antelope is killed He sees the white-drest maid And wrapped in white afield. As beautiful as jade. A maid for love does long, “O soft and slow, weetheart, Tempted by a hunter strong. Don't tear my sash apart!' He cuts down trees amain The jadelike maid says,'Hark! And kills a deer again. Do not let the dog bark. 解析：從譯文可以看出理譯和許譯對(duì)主題的理解十分不同。理雅各在注解中解釋說該詩告訴我們”一位貞潔的年輕女子如何抵御玩弄女性的騙子的引誘,?！崩硌鸥髡J(rèn)為詩中的女子拒絕了男子的引誘，因此是個(gè)貞潔之人,。而許淵沖持不同觀點(diǎn),，譯者認(rèn)為詩中前段“獵人獵殺一頭鹿，用白茅包好,，作為禮物送給女子”便表明兩者認(rèn)識(shí),，女子并未拒接男子。 由于兩位譯者的翻譯目的不同,，譯者自身的經(jīng)歷,，時(shí)代環(huán)境等等諸多因素都大相徑庭，所以采取的翻譯方法也各不相同,。兩種譯文各有所長(zhǎng),，對(duì)于《詩經(jīng)》翻譯都有很高的借鑒意義和研究?jī)r(jià)值。 |
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