|
臨淄中學(xué) 躍在淵
盡管英語和漢語的句子主要成份均是：主語、謂語,、賓語或表語,，這基本是一致的。在英語中,，定語的位置一般比較固定,，單個詞作定語時，多置于其所修飾的名詞之前,；短語和從句作定語時一般置于被修飾的名詞之后,，我們稱之為的后置定語。學(xué)生在閱讀過程中,，往往受到后置定語的影響,，在閱讀中找不準(zhǔn)句子的主干，理解不了句子的意思,，影響了對文章的理解,，因此，這里我對后置定語進(jìn)行歸納整理,，以便對它有個系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識,。
一、單個詞作定語后置的情況
1,、以a-開頭的表示狀態(tài)的形容詞,，一般在句子中當(dāng)表語成份，但作定語時須后置,，類似的形容詞有：alive, asleep, alike,alone. awake, aware, ashamed, adrift, ablaze, absent, afraid,available等如：
He spoke like a man afraid.他說話的時候像是很害怕似的,。
Tom was the only boy awake at that tine.那時湯姆是唯一醒著的男孩。
The house ablaze is next door to mine. 那著火的房子就在我家隔壁,。
2,、部分表示方位、處所,、時間副詞作定語,。如here, there, above, below, upstairs.downstairs. outside, inside, around. today, nearby 等常作后置定語。如：
A boy outside is waiting for you.
People there are very friendly.
The man upstairs is making a noise.
3,、形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時應(yīng)后置
I have something important to tell you.
There is nothing serious.
There is nobody suitable for the job.
4,、else 只作后置定語，修飾疑問詞或不定代詞,。
When else shall we meet ag 加載中... 內(nèi)容加載失敗,，點擊此處重試 加載全文 ain, if Friday is not convenient for you?
Ask someone else to help you if David is not free.
Who else can we turn to?
5、left 和remaining 都表示有“剩下的”的意思,，但left只作后置定語,。如：
There is five minutes left. remaining應(yīng)作前置定語,。如：
The lady bought a gift for her daughter as a birthday gift with theremaining 30 dollars.
6、involved意為“有牽連的”,，“涉及到的”,，只作后置定語，如：
the problems involved.
7,、有些詞既可作前置定語,，也可作后置定語。如：
possible, enough, more（另外,，附加的）proper
I don’t have wine enough for five persons at the moment
=I don’t have enough wine for five persons at the moment.
They thought about all the means possible（= possible means）
Today I will have to write two letters more（= two moreletters）
8,、有些詞既可當(dāng)作前置定語又可當(dāng)后置定語，但含義不一樣,。
如：used, concerned, present
All the people present（在場的）voted for him.
Present situation is serious.（目前的,，現(xiàn)在的）
All parties concerned（有關(guān)的）are present.
Concerned （憂慮的）parents held a meeting.
the method used is very efficient （運用的，使用的）
This is a used bike.（舊的）
二,、短語作后置定語,。
1、介詞短語,、副詞短語,、形容詞短語等用作后置定語。
如 The man in the car is Jim’s father. （介詞短語）
He made a report on modern science （介詞短語）
A friend in need is a friend indeed（介詞短語）
I live in a village far from here（副詞短語）
He cast it a second time, and drew in an old basket full of sand（形容詞短語）
2,、不定式用作后置定語,。如：
Would you like something to drink
What do you plan to do in the year to come
The building to be built was designed by Mr Wang. =The buildingwhich will be built was designed by Mr Wang. （相當(dāng)一個定語從句）
3、不定式經(jīng)常用作一些名詞的后置定語,，常見的這類名詞有way,chance, opportunity, courage, time,week, wish, need, promise, plan, right.如：
You have no right to speak
If I have the chance to go abroad I’ll never let it go.
4,、一般來講，謂語動詞能接不定式當(dāng)賓語,，當(dāng)這類動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞時,，也接不定式當(dāng)后置定語。如：
You promised to write us regularly.（不定式當(dāng)賓語）
You haven’t kept your promise to write usregularly.（不定式當(dāng)后置定語）
He planned to start a company （不定式當(dāng)賓語）
He told me his plan to start a company. （不定式當(dāng)后置定語）
5,、分詞作定語,。單個分詞一般作前置定語，而分詞短語作后置定語,，此時可以轉(zhuǎn)化相應(yīng)的定語從句,。
①The old man has a walking stick（動名詞當(dāng)定語表示用途）
②Can yon see the falling leaves in the sky. （現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)定語表示動作進(jìn)行）
③Deer don’t like eating fallen leaves （過去分詞當(dāng)定語表示動作完成）
④The man running on the playground is our Englishteacher.（現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)后置定語，與被修飾詞存在主動關(guān)系）
=The man who is running on the playground is our Englishteacher.
⑤Do you know the girl dancing in the center?
⑥The food cooked by my mother wasdelicious.（過去分詞當(dāng)后置語與被修飾詞存在動作的完成與被動關(guān)系）
=The food which was cooked by my mother was delicious.
⑦The building built was designed by Mr Warg.
=The building which was built was designed by Mr Wang.
⑧⑨There were over 300 people trapped above the fire.
⑨The building being built was designed by MrWang.（過去分詞的進(jìn)行式作后置定語表示與被修飾詞存在動作的被動且正在進(jìn)行）
=The building which is being built was designed by Mr Wang.
三,、從句作定語都是后置.一個句子修飾某個名詞或代詞,，我們稱之為定語從句，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句,，非限制性定語從句常用逗號隔開,，表示補(bǔ)充說明,。
In the north where it is cold, they grow wheat.
I will never forget the day, on which I joined the Party.
I know the only route that leads to the top of the mountain.
I found some photos of interesting places which were not too faraway from Cheng du.
The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all itssplendor.
通過以上我們對后置定語的系統(tǒng)理解和認(rèn)識，尤其是不定式,，分詞以及從句當(dāng)后置定語的領(lǐng)會,，應(yīng)多分析,，多朗讀這類句子,，有利于我們對長句和難句的理解，從而提高我們的閱讀能力,。
|
