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如何讓你的英語更加「有禮貌」

 千七njfgs2001 2017-03-14

中國(guó)人的英語常常令老外覺得缺乏禮貌,,這主要是由于文化的不同,。譬如在咖啡店,,我們習(xí)以為常地說:「請(qǐng)給我來一杯咖啡,?!沟偃缟硖幟绹?guó),「Please give me a cup of coffee.」會(huì)給你的咖啡師留下一個(gè)非常粗魯,,沒有禮貌的印象,。導(dǎo)致這種尷尬局面的常常是誤解,并非我們不講禮貌,,而是因?yàn)槲覀儧]有掌握外國(guó)人講禮貌的方式,。

不單單在生活中,老外心中「中國(guó)人沒禮貌」的印象在職場(chǎng)中也不鮮見,。我在國(guó)外工作的幾年中,,有些中國(guó)同事常常表現(xiàn)的過于「直接」,這令有些外國(guó)客戶和同事感到困惑,,溝通上的誤會(huì)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致同事之間關(guān)系發(fā)生某些微妙的變化,。令人遺憾的是,雙方往往都不知道這完全是誤會(huì)導(dǎo)致的現(xiàn)象,,他們可能會(huì)錯(cuò)誤的將其歸因?yàn)閭€(gè)人的原因,。

不難發(fā)現(xiàn),最容易留下「沒禮貌」印象的情況常常集中在幾種情況:1,,提出建議,,請(qǐng)求的時(shí)候;2,,表達(dá)否定意思的時(shí)候,;3,傳達(dá)「壞消息」的時(shí)候?,F(xiàn)在試著以舉例的方式總結(jié)一下這幾種情況,,同時(shí)以標(biāo)題的形式提出一些改正的建議。

1.多用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

多用may,,might,,could,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,,它們可以弱化你的口氣,,讓「壞消息」聽起來沒有那么糟糕。

考慮下面的句子:

I want more help to finish the report.

這讓對(duì)方感覺你的口氣是在命令,,如果你是和老板這樣講話,,可能以為這年底的獎(jiǎng)金要泡湯了。因此,,你最好能弱化這種口氣,。

It would be nice to have more help to finish the report.

I could use more help to finish the report.

再看上面那個(gè)「Please give me a cup of coffee.」我們加入情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,,并且將please放到句尾,對(duì)方你的咖啡師(barista)馬上會(huì)覺得你非常得體,。

Could you give me a cup of coffee, please?

Would you give me a cup of coffee, please?

2.多用softeners

「I’m afraid」是常用的一個(gè)softener,,用來弱化你的消極語氣,我們一般用在句子的開頭,,類似的softener還有:frankly speaking,,with all respect,to be honest等等,??催@個(gè)過于直接的表述:

I haven't finished the presentation.

改正一下:

I'm afraid I haven’t finished the presentation.

另外再看兩個(gè)例子,你可以自行體會(huì):

With all respect, I don’t think you have the experience for the role.

To be honest with you, I think Simon’s strategy is better than yours.

將softeners放在壞消息前面,,就可以給對(duì)方一個(gè)心理預(yù)期,,這樣就減弱了負(fù)面消息本身的影響。

3. 多用modifiers

顧名思義,,modifiers用來modify后面詞的影響力,。常見的modifiers有 a little bit, slight, slightly, probably, a little, a bit, small, one or two等。

原句:We are having problems with the presentation.

改為:We are having one or two problems with the new presentation.

原句:You are too slow.

改為:You are a little bit too slow.

4. 改述否定句

當(dāng)你要表明一個(gè)否定的意思時(shí),,相比直接說出來,,你可以通過改述(rephrase)的方式讓句子意義聽起來更加積極一些。

I'm afraid I haven’t finished the presentation.

更近一步,,改為:

I’m afraid I haven't been ableto finish the presentation yet.

其中的「be able to」弱化了結(jié)果而突出了自己的努力——我一直在做,,只是由于客觀原因我才無法完成。最后的「yet」表明自己此時(shí)此刻依然在努力完成,。

由此推知,,如果否定句中有「can't」或者「won't」,我們可以考慮用「be able to」代替,,看例子:

原句:

I can't supply a full set of results.

改為:

I am not able to supply a full set of results.

I am unable to supply a full set of results.

原句:

I am unhappy with the report.

改為:

I am not entirely happy with the report.

I am not totally happy with the report.

5. 將建議,,命令類的話用反問的方式提出

看例句:

We should change our marketing plan!

句子聽起來是以命令的口吻,如果你是向平級(jí)的同事或者客戶提出類似的建議,,那么最好不要這么直接,,可以嘗試改為:

Shouldn't we change our marketing plan?

原句:

We must take this strategy.

改為:

Couldn't we take this strategy?

Wouldn't it be better for us to take this strategy?

6. 用一般過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

看例句:

I hope we can finish the presentation today.

改為:

I was hoping that we could finish the presentation today.

用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以讓口氣聽起來多一些可供商量的空間,譬如:

原句:

I think we need to hire more employees.

改為:

I was thinking we need to hire more employees.

原句:

I aim to finish this project by the end of the month.

改為:

I was aiming to finish this project by the end of the month.

當(dāng)然,,上面的技巧可以混合起來使用,,讓你的溝通更加容易讓別人接受,例如:

To be honest, I haven't been able to finish the presentation yet, so I'm afraid I couldn’t make it by today. Could you give me a little bit more time, please?

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