骨科小病不求醫(yī)097：脊椎滑脫（Spondylolisthesis）

醫(yī)不了人心 2017-02-27

展開全文

　　脊椎滑脫是一塊脊椎骨相對于另外一塊脊椎骨發(fā)生向前的移位,。常見的有退變性滑脫和峽部裂性滑脫。脊椎滑脫不一定會引起癥狀,。當脊椎滑脫引起疼痛,、神經(jīng)壓迫時，需要進行治療,。

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Introduction (概述）

Spondylolisthesis is condition that occurs when one spinal vertebral body slips forward relative to another. It can occur anywhere along the spine, but typically occurs in the lumbar region. Spondylolisthesis is less common among young children, occurring primarily in adolescents and adults.

　　脊椎滑脫是一個脊椎骨相對于另一個脊椎骨向前滑移的一種疾病,。該病可發(fā)生于脊柱任何部位,，但常常發(fā)于在腰椎。脊椎滑脫在兒童不常見,，主要發(fā)生于青少年和成人,。

Symptoms （癥狀）

Symptoms resulting from spondylolisthesis vary. Some people have no pain or other symptoms. In extreme cases, the deformity may be a visible increase in the curvature of the spine in the lumbar region, which can affect movement. Often there is mild to moderate low back pain, particularly after exercising. If the forward slippage compresses a nerve, leg pain often develops.

　　因脊椎滑脫引起的癥狀不盡相同。有些人沒有疼痛或其它癥狀,。在極端病例,，畸形明顯，使腰椎曲度增加,，可影響活動,。通常有輕度到中度的腰痛，特別在運動后,。如果向前滑脫壓迫神經(jīng),，可能會出現(xiàn)腿痛。

Causes （病因）

Spondylolisthesis can be caused in several ways. The majority of cases occur in the elderly when the joints that allow the spine to bend forward (facet joints) wear with age and allow one vertebra to slip over another. In other cases, subjecting to spine to a sudden or repeated force may cause spondylolisthesis. Adolescent athletes that perform repetitive hyperextension, such as gymnasts, may be at increased risk for spondylolisthesis.

　　多種原因可引起脊椎滑脫,。老年人主要的原因是允許脊柱向前彎的關(guān)節(jié)（關(guān)節(jié)突關(guān)節(jié)）隨著年齡的增長而磨損,，使一個椎體在下位椎體上向前滑移,。另一些則是因為突然的或反復(fù)的外力引起的脊椎滑脫。進行重復(fù)過伸運動的青少年運動員,，比如體操運動員,，發(fā)生脊椎滑脫的風險增加。

Summary （總結(jié)）

Spondylolisthesis may or may not require treatment depending on whether symptoms include pain or disability. Non surgical treatments may include modifying activities to reduce stress on the spine, physical therapy, medications or injections to reduce pain and inflammation, or wearing a brace. In severe cases or those that are progressively worsening, surgery may be performed to correct the condition.

　　脊椎滑脫是否需要進行治療,，取決于癥狀是否包括疼痛或功能障礙,。非手術(shù)治療包括調(diào)整活動方式以減少脊柱應(yīng)力，物理治療,，藥物及注射以減輕疼痛或炎癥,，或使用支具。在嚴重病例,，或進行性加重者,，可能需要手術(shù)進行糾正。