高考動詞時態(tài)解題指導

許愿真 2014-05-25

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一,、根據時間狀語,，副詞直接判斷
1. The last time I _____ Jane she ______ cotton in the fields. (NMET92)
A. had seen; was picking       B. saw; picked
C. had seen; picked            D. saw; was picking
分析：選D。根據the last time（這里也作從屬連詞）分析,，從句謂語動詞應用一般過去時saw,，主句謂語表示當時正在進行的動作“正在摘棉花”，所以用過去進行時,。
2. When Jack arrived, he learned Mary _______ for almost an hour. (NMET92)
A. had gone    B. had set off    C. had left     D. had been away
分析：選D,。go，set off,，leave為非延續(xù)性動詞,，不能與for,，since引導的時間狀語連用，另外空格所需動詞動作發(fā)生在learned之前,，故應用過去完成時,。
3. The volleyball match will be put off if it _____. (NMET91)
A. will rain     B. rains      C. rained      D. is raining
分析：選B。if引導的條件狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的時間,，主句用一般將來時或“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”的謂語形式,。
4. Mary _____ a dress when she cut her finger. (NMET91)
A. make    B. is making    C. was making    D. makes
分析：選C。主句用過去進行時表示背景,，when從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時表示意外之事,。又如：He was crossing the street when he was hit by a car.
5. -Can I join your club, Dad?
   -You can when you _____a bit older. (NMET94)
A. get     B. will get     C. are getting     D. will have got
分析：選A。when,，before,，after等詞引導的時間狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來,，主句用一般將來時或can,，may，must等情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形的謂語形式,，這里you can后省略了join the club,。
6. I need one more stamp before my collection _______. (NMET94)
A. has completed   B. completed   C. has been completed   D. is completed
分析：選D。before引導的時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來,，由于從句主語是物my collection,，所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)形式。
7. As she _____ the newspaper, Granny _______ asleep. (NMET95)
A. read; was falling            B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling          D. read; fell
分析：選B,。as引導的從句用過去進行時表示時間較長的“背景”,，“奶奶正在看報時”，主句是時間較短的事情“睡著”,，用一般過去時,。
8. -How long _____each other before they _____ married?
   -For about a year. ( NMET93)
A. have they known; get      B. did they know; were going to get
C. do they know; are going to get     D. had they known; got
分析：選D。before引導的時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來,，因此不能選A,。how long一般用于完成時態(tài)，所以此題before引導的從句用過去時,，主句表示“過去的過去”,，用過去完成時。
9. -Do you know our town at all?
   -No, this is the first time I ______ here. (NMET92)
A. was     B. have been      C. came     D. am coming
分析：選B,。從句意“第一次到這里”分析,，它不表示動作而應表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，要用現(xiàn)在完成時have been,。
10. I don’t really work here; I _____until the new secretary arrives. (NMET94)
   A. just help out            B. have just helped out
   C. am just helping out           D. will just help out
分析：選C,。副詞just與延續(xù)性動詞連用,，用進行時表示“正在”做某事。此句意為“我不是真的在這里工作”,，我只是“一段時間在這里幫忙”,。
二、從上下文獲取“信息”,，解語境時態(tài)題
1. -Nancy is not coming tonight.
-But she _____! (NMET98)
A. promises    B. promised    C. will promise    D. had promised
分析：選B,。C項應該排除，因為上文Nancy表示“今晚不來”,，不可能再 “將答應”,。D項過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，而上下文沒有這個背景,，所以不妥當,。A項表示現(xiàn)在經常的行為動作，而對參加今晚活動只須答應一次,。只有B項正確,，用一般過去時表示震驚：“她曾答應過”，怎么反悔改變了,？
2. Shirley _____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it. (NMET98)
A. has written    B. wrote    C. had written   D. was writing
分析：選D,。不能因時間狀語last year就選B，因為下文I don’t know whether she has finished it表明她不一定寫完,，只能說她去年“在寫”一本關于中國的書,。不同語境中的同一時間狀語可能對應不同時態(tài)，本題last year是這樣,，下面句子中for 5 years也是這樣：Mrs. Smith has lived in Paris for 5 years.（用于現(xiàn)在完成時）/ Mrs. Smith had lived in Paris for 5 years before she went to New York. (用于過去完成時)
3. -Who is Jerry Cooper?
   -_____? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. (NMET97)
A. Don’t you meet him yet     B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you meet him yet    D. Haven’t you met him yet
分析：選D,。從下文“我看見你同他握手”，到現(xiàn)在為止見面這個行為應用現(xiàn)在完成時,，采取否定問句時為了表示驚訝,，懷疑；“怎么你還沒有同他見面??？”“我看見你在會上同他握手的?！?br> 4. -Hey, look where you are going!
   -Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ______. (NMET99)
A. I’m not noticing      B. I wasn’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticed     D. I don’t notice
分析：選B。上文對方說“看你往那里走”,，經過這一提醒,，聽話人才發(fā)現(xiàn)走錯路了，原因時在這之前一直未留心。表示過去一段時間一直持續(xù)的動作,，應用過去進行時,。
5. The price ______, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET99)
A. went down   B. will go down    C. has gone down    D. was going down
分析：選C。從下文whether it（the price）will remain so“價格是否將保持這樣”判斷,，價格,，“已經降了下來”，應用現(xiàn)在完成時,。
6. Helen _____ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home. (NMET96)
A. has left; comes      B. left; had come
C. had left; came       D. had left; would come
分析：選C,。從下文so she had to wait判斷Helen把鑰匙丟在辦公室里是在這之前，即“過去的過去”,，應用過去完成時,，“等她丈夫回來”應是過去將來時，until引導的從句用一般過去時表過去,。
7. -Can I help you, sir?
   -Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it ______. (NMET96)
   A. didn’t work   B. won’t work   C. can’t work   D. doesn’t work
分析：選D,。從上文Can I help you？可知這是售貨員與顧客之間的對話,。顧客反映昨天買了一臺收音機,，但壞了，要求調換或退貨,，原因當然“現(xiàn)在”它不響了,，所以A,，B不合題意,。C項不合常理，本身講不通,。
8. I don’t think Jim saw me; he _____ into space. (NMET95)
A. just stared     B. was just staring
C. has just stared     D. had just stared
分析：選B。上文saw提供了一個過去的語境,，副詞just與延續(xù)性動詞連用,，用進行時表示“正在”做某事：他當時沒有看見我，他“正在”凝視天空,。
9. -Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
   -I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET97)
   A. had     B. would     C. was going to     D. did
分析：選C。對方問Alice“昨天”為什么不來,，Alice說家里來了一個不速之客,，“本來打算來”，應用過去將來時,，“be going to + 動詞原形”表示打算，準備做某事，符合題意,。Was going to后省略了your home（party…）之類的詞語,。
10. -Is this raincoat yours?
    -No, mine ______ there behind the door. (NMET97)
   A. is hanging   B. has hung   C. hangs    D. hung
分析：選A,。應話人用no一詞已表明這件雨衣不是他的,，他的雨衣“正掛在”門背后，故應用現(xiàn)在進行時,。