狀語從句

狀語從句在句中作狀語,，可分為：時(shí)間,、條件、讓步,、原因,、目的、結(jié)果,、比較,、地點(diǎn)、方式狀語從句,。

時(shí)間狀語從句

引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有：when, as, while, until, not…until, before, after, since, the minute, the moment, each( every, next, the first) time等,。時(shí)間狀語從句中一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)。

When , while, as都可解釋為“當(dāng)```的時(shí)候”但側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同,。

When

Eg: When I arrived home , I had a little rest.

注意點(diǎn)：

when 從句的主語與主句主語相同,，謂語動(dòng)詞是be 動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句主語和be可以省略,。

Eg: When (she was) walking along the street, she met her class teacher.

As

As 除了表示“當(dāng)```的時(shí)候”,，還可表示為“一面```一面”，“隨著”

Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面```一面)

   You will grow wiser as you grow older.(隨著)

While表示“當(dāng)```的時(shí)候”強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,，從句一般用進(jìn)行時(shí),，從句動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest.

   While (they were) having a discussion, they got very confused.

注意點(diǎn)：

while 有對(duì)比的含義,，解釋為“然而”,。

eg: I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee.

until, not…until表示“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,；在否定句中主句常用短暫性動(dòng)詞,。

肯定句：I waited until midnight.

否定句：I did not leave until midnight.

注意點(diǎn)：

1）not until…在句首，主句用倒裝

eg:  Not until you had explained how did I manage to do it.

2) It is not until…that…引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句

It was not until it was dark that he came back.

3. the minute, the moment, each time都可表示“一```就```”

eg: The worker recognized the type of the machine the moment he saw it.

注意點(diǎn)：

the minute, the moment, each ( every, next, the first) time作連詞不和when 連用。

4．Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than, as soon as表示為“一```就```”

eg: I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.

   I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.

   It began to rain as soon as I got home.

注意點(diǎn)：Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than位于句首,，主句用倒裝

eg: Had I hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.

   No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

二 條件狀語從句

條件狀語從句分為兩大類：真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句,。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有：if, even if/though, unless/ if …not, as long as/ so long as, as far as/so far as, provided/providing (that), on condition that 等。條件狀語從句中如果主句是將來時(shí),，條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),。

unless 和if…not

  unless 相當(dāng)于if…not

eg: You will fail unless you study hard.

   You will not fail if you study hard.

注意點(diǎn)：      

在虛擬條件句中可用if…not，但不能用unless

eg: If she were not too silly,she would understand.

2． 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的其它連詞：

Eg: You may go there ,as long as you keep quite.

Eg: I shall give you the book on condition that you return it tomorrow.

Eg: I will go provided that you go too.

三 讓步狀語從句

引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有：though, although, even if/ though, however, no matter how, no matter what, no matter who等,。

though, although不可與but連用,，但可以和yet , still連用.

Eg: Though/Although it is raining ,they are still running outside.

注意點(diǎn)：

though可引導(dǎo)倒裝(although不引導(dǎo)倒裝)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：

 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象+as/though+主語+其它成分,，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象可為表語（名詞,、形容詞）或狀語（副詞），表語為名詞時(shí),，前面不用冠詞,。

Child as/ though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

Tired as he is, he goes on with his work.

despite 和 in spite of 也有讓步意義，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞,，而though, although是連詞,，后接從句。

Eg: Despite /In spite of wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letter.

   Though/although she wanted to see him again, she refused to reply to his letter.

2. “no matter+疑問詞”或“疑問詞+后綴ever”

eg: No matter what happened, he would not mind.

   Whatever happened, he would not mind.

注意點(diǎn)：no matter+疑問詞不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句

even if/ though表示“即使”

eg: He doesn’t want to marry her even if/ though he loves her very much.

四 原因狀語從句

引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有：because, since, as , now that ,considering that, for the reason that , due to the fact that,owing to the fact that等

1．because

because語氣最強(qiáng),，通常用于回答why 提出的問題

注意點(diǎn)：

在it was…that…的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中,，強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句可用because引導(dǎo)，不用since,as, for引導(dǎo),。

Eg: It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the situation.

2. since和as

since的語氣比because 弱,，比as強(qiáng)，表示間接的,，已知的原因,，自然的結(jié)果，表示“既然,，由于”,。

Eg: As/ Since you are not very well, you had better have a rest.

3．for

當(dāng)for表示原因關(guān)系時(shí)，for分句是對(duì)第一分句內(nèi)容的推斷或猜測(cè),。

Eg: It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.

五 目的狀語從句

引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有： so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that等,。

Eg: You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.

   He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it.

   Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

注意點(diǎn)：lest, in case, for fear that所引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，動(dòng)詞可以用虛擬語氣,，形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形,，也可不用虛擬語氣，用動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí),。

Eg: You had better leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.

六 結(jié)果狀語從句

引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有： so that, so…that, such…that等

eg: He is so young that he can not go to school.

   He is such a young boy that he can not go to school.

1．常用句型：

so+形容詞/副詞+that從句

so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句

such +a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句

such +形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句

so和such的搭配規(guī)律

such修飾名詞或名詞詞組,，so修飾形容詞或副詞,so還可接many, few, much, little等,。

Eg: so foolish             such a fool

   so nice a flower        such a nice flower

   so many/few flowers    such nice flowers

   so much/little money    such rapid progress

   so many people        such a lot of people

七 比較狀語從句

引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞有：as…as, than, not so…as, the more…the more等

如：      

He speaks English as fluently as his brother (does)

I can’t jump so /as high as he (does)

There are more workers in this factory than in the one next to it .

The more you read, the more interesting , you will find the novel is .

連接詞than 可作為關(guān)系代詞用?！　∪纾?/SPAN>

He wrote more than was necessary

Don’t carry more money than is needed

八地點(diǎn)狀語從句

引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有:where, wherever以及 where構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞等

eg: She found her calculator where she lost it.

   Wherever I am, I will miss you.

注意點(diǎn)：

eg: I happened to see your dictionary lie where I used it last time.（地點(diǎn)狀語從句）

   I happened to see your dictionary lie in the lab where I used it last time.（定語從句）

九 方式狀語從句

引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連接詞有as, just as, as if / though（一般用虛擬語氣,，　也有用直陳語氣的）等。

EG：Just do as you are told.

The workers went on working as if nothing had happened.

He talked to the girl as though he had fallen in love with her.

在just as ---, so --- 結(jié)構(gòu)中,，　as 帶有比喻含義,。　意為“正如”,，　多用于正式文體,。　

EG：Just as some people like sports, so some people like music.

the way  也可引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句　,?！?/SPAN>

EG：you should operate the machine the way I do .

基礎(chǔ)題

1. We'd better hurry ______ it is getting dark.
A. and B. but C. as D. unless
2. I didn' t manage to do it _____ you had explained how.
A. until B. unless C. when D. before
3._____ he comes, we won't be able to go.
A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even
4. I hurried _____ I wouldn't be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
5. _____ I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
A. Every time B. Though C. Even D. Where
6. What's the matter _____ they still haven't answered the telegram?
A. when B. that C. though D. however
7. Bring it nearer _____ I may see it better.
A. although B. even though C. so that D. since
8. You may arrive in Beijing early _____ you mind taking the night train.
A. that B. though C. unless D. if
9. Helen listened carefully _____ she might discover exactly what she needed.
A. in that B. in order that C. in case D. even though
10. More people will eat out in restaurants _____ they do today.
A. than B. when C. while D. as
11._____ hard she tries, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.
A. Much B. However C. As D. Although
12. Poor _____ it may be, there is no place like home, _____ you may go.
A. as; wherever B. though; whenever C. in spite of; when D. that; wherever
13. The child was __ immediately after supper.
A. enough tired to go to bed B. too tired to go to bed
C. so tired that he went to bed D. very tired, he went to bed
14. The history of nursing __ the history of man.
A. as old as B. is old than C. that is as old as D. is as old as
15. _____ born in Chicago, the author was famous for his stories about New York.
A. Since B. Once C. When D. Although
16._____ we stood at the top of the building, the people below were hardly visible.
A. As B. Although C. Unless D. In spite of
17. Scarcely was George Washington in his teens _____ his father died.
A. than B. as C. while D. when
18. _____ David goes, he is welcome.
A. Whichever B. However C. Wherever D. Whatever
19. The house stood _____ there had been a rock.
A. which B. at which C. when D. where
20. Small _____ it is, the pen is a most useful tool.
A. because B. so C. if D. as
21. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _____ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
22. The piano in the other shop will be _____, but _____.
A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheap; not as better
C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good
23. John plays football _____, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
24. Although he is considered a great writer,
A. his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read
C. however his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read
25. ___ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
26.—What was the party like?
—Wonderful. It' s years _____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. when C. before D. since
27. It was not _____ she took off her dark glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then   
28. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _____ great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
29. After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
30._____, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is

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提高題

1. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?

—I don’t mind where we go ______ there’s sun, sea and beach. （2008全國(guó)I卷）

A. as if                         B. as long as                 C. now that                   D. in order that

2. -----Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.

  -----Ok, ______ you make it short. （2008安徽卷）

  A. now that          B. if only          C. so long as         D. every time

3. All the neighbor admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend. （2008安徽卷）

  A. why             B. where          C. which           D. that

4. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. （2008福建卷）

 A. that             B. which           C. when               D. where

5. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. （2008湖南卷）

A.     If            B. While            C. Because        D. As

6. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. （2008山東卷）

A. though                     B. for                    C. but                          D. so

7. You’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it. （2008山東卷）

A. even if                     B. which        C. where               D. so that

8. ______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. （2008遼寧卷）

A. Whatever          B. Whenever                 C. Wherever                 D. However

9. I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more. （2008遼寧卷）

A. once                        B. when                              C. since                        D. although

10. A small car is big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage. (2008全國(guó)II)

A. once             B. because            C. if           D. unless

11. There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down. (四川卷)

  A. when        B. until         C. that       D. where

12. Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure. （2008浙江卷）

A. whether      B. after     C. how     D. unless

13. —Did you return Fred’s call? （2008北京卷）

   —I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.

   A. though           B. unless       C. when             D. because

14. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back. （2008北京卷）

A. before       B. since         C. till        D. after

15. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold. （2008天津卷）

   A. since      B. if         C. unless       D. until

16. ---Are you ready for Spain,？(2008上海卷)
--Yes, I want the girls to experience that ___ they are young.
A. while                B. until                 C. if               D. before

17. ___ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. (2008上海卷)
A. however                  B. whatever           C. no matter                 D. although

18. ____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. [2007 全國(guó)卷II] 
A. If B. Since C. Though D. When

19. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language. [2007 上海卷]
A. as B. that C. which D. where

20. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully. [2007 上海卷]

A. though B. before C. until D. if
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