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表語(yǔ)從句詳解

 flyingleaf 2011-11-17

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法表語(yǔ)從句詳解  

定義

  表語(yǔ)從句定義:在一個(gè)復(fù)合句中,,從句作的是主語(yǔ)的表語(yǔ)成分,。

A

  The problem is puzzling.

  這個(gè)問(wèn)題令人困惑

  主語(yǔ),連系動(dòng)詞,形容詞作表語(yǔ)

  The problem is when we can get a pay rise.

  問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候我們可以得到加薪.

  主語(yǔ) 連系動(dòng)詞 一個(gè)句子作表語(yǔ)---表語(yǔ)從句

B

  連接表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有:that, what, who, when, where, which, why,whether,how.whoeverwhomever,,whichever ,,whatever

  He has become a teacher.

  他已經(jīng)成為一名教師。

  He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.

  他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的,。

  She has remained there for an hour.

  她曾在那里停留了一個(gè)小時(shí),。

  She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.

  她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一個(gè)小時(shí)。

  His suggestion is good.

  他的建議是好的,。

  His suggestion is that we should stay calm.

  他的建議是,,我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。

  The question is confusing.

  這個(gè)問(wèn)題令人困惑.

  The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

  問(wèn)題是,,他什么時(shí)候可以到達(dá)酒店,。

  Who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.誰(shuí)與我明天將前往北京。

  Why he cried yesterday.

  昨天他為什么哭,。

  How I can persuade her to join us in the party.

  我怎么能說(shuō)服她加入我們的派對(duì),。

  Whether the enemy is marching towards us.

  是否敵人正向我們行進(jìn).

注意

A

  表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳述語(yǔ)序。

  False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.

  Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

B

  不可以用if,,而用whether 連接表語(yǔ)從句(as if 例外),。

  引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以互換if/whether 位于介詞后要用whether

  位于句首時(shí)要用whether

  引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句,,同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要用whether

  False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.

  Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.

  Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.

C

  不像賓語(yǔ)從句,,在有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致,。

  Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.

  Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.

D

  that在表語(yǔ)從句中不可以省掉,。

基本用法

  表語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后,而主句的動(dòng)詞只能是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞。

  名詞性從句在be等系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)時(shí)被稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)從句

  例如: The problem is how we can get the things we need.問(wèn)題是我們?cè)鯓幽芘轿覀冃枰臇|西,。 (how 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ))

  The scissors are not what I need. 這把剪刀不是我所需要的,。(what 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ))

  What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告訴他的是我會(huì)給他找個(gè)好劇本。(what在主語(yǔ)從句中作直接賓語(yǔ),, that作為表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,,不能省略)

  That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對(duì)你講的。(what在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ))

  That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因,。(why 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ))

注意

  “That is why...”是常用句型,, 意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”,其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語(yǔ),, 該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)明過(guò)的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié),, 又如: That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne. 珍妮,這就是現(xiàn)在這個(gè)老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因,。(前文提到Jeanne對(duì)老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異,,說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)她講述了其中的原因之后,用這一句來(lái)進(jìn)行概括),。// That is why I came. 這就是我來(lái)的原因,。

  下面是兩個(gè)與“That is why...”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu), 它們與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚:

  (1)That is why...”與“That is the reason why...”同義,, 只不過(guò)從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上講,, That is the reason why...”中why引導(dǎo)的是—個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句, 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,, 例如:

  That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由,。

  (2)That is because...”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語(yǔ), 這也是個(gè)常用句型,, 意為“這就是為什么……/因?yàn)椤薄,!?/SPAN>That is because...”與“That is why...”之間的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由,, That is why...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果,例如:

  He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒(méi)有去看電影,, 那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè),。(第一句話(huà)說(shuō)明結(jié)果,, 第二句話(huà)說(shuō)明原因)

  He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過(guò)那部電影,, 因此他昨天晚上沒(méi)有去看。(第一句話(huà)說(shuō)明原因,, 第二句話(huà)說(shuō)明結(jié)果)

案例分析

[考題1

  The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is programmed to make us do so. (2007上海)

  A. when B. why C. whether D. that

 ?。鄞鸢福?/SPAN> D

  [解析] 下劃線處之后是包含一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)從句,如果看不出它是充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語(yǔ)從句將難以把握整個(gè)句子的意思,。因此,, 應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的that

[考題2

  You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. (2004)

  A. why B. where C. what D. how

 ?。鄞鸢福?/SPAN> B

 ?。劢馕觯?/SPAN> 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)系動(dòng)詞is后的表語(yǔ)從句并在該表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(disagree”屬于不及物動(dòng)詞, I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)),, 下劃線應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞where,, 表語(yǔ)從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”,。

[考題3

  — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

  — Is that ____ you had a few days off? (1999)

  A. why B. when C. what D. where

 ?。鄞鸢福?/SPAN> A

  [解析] 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)與系動(dòng)詞is連用的表語(yǔ)從句并在該表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ),, 下劃線應(yīng)填入表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果)的引導(dǎo)詞why,。

[考題4

  ____ she couldnt understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海)

  A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that

  [答案] A

 ?。劢馕觯?/SPAN> 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),,特指她所不理解的事情, 應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what,; 第二個(gè)下劃線處表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的后果,, why引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么……”(指原因、 理由,, because引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句),, 應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞why

[考題5

  ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春)

  A. What; because B. What; that

  C. That; what D. That; because

 ?。鄞鸢福?/SPAN> B

 ?。劢馕觯?/SPAN> 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),特指令校方驕傲的事情,, 應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what,; 第二個(gè)下劃線處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句表示原因、 理由,, 應(yīng)由that引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句,。

[考題6

  — Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?

  — Oh, thats ____. (2003北京春)

  A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about

  C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited

  [答案] A

 ?。劢馕觯?/SPAN> A選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺(jué)激動(dòng)的事物”,; B選項(xiàng)的意思是“我覺(jué)得激動(dòng)的任何事物”; C選項(xiàng)的意思是“我對(duì)它感覺(jué)的方式”,; D選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺(jué)激動(dòng)的時(shí)間”,。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語(yǔ)that對(duì)應(yīng),充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)從句。

表語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系

  賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句都屬于名詞性從句,。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同,。故充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句,充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的句子叫表語(yǔ)從句,。

賓語(yǔ)從句

  (1)對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)從句要掌握以下三點(diǎn)

 ?、僬Z(yǔ)序: 從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述句語(yǔ)序, 即“主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)”這種形式。

 ?、跁r(shí)態(tài): 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候, 從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài), 而當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候, 從句, 從句時(shí)態(tài)必須是過(guò)去時(shí)范圍的時(shí)態(tài), (一般過(guò)去時(shí), 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí), 過(guò)去完成時(shí), 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)),。

  ③連接詞: 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思肯定時(shí), 連接詞用that, 且可以省去, 當(dāng)從句意思完整, 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時(shí), 常用ifwhether(是否), 當(dāng)從句意思不完整時(shí), 連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問(wèn)詞,。

表語(yǔ)從句

  在句子中起表語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做表語(yǔ)從句,,位于主句系動(dòng)詞的后面。表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同,。也是名詞性從句的一種,。

  如: What the police want to know is when you entered red the room警察想知道的是你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)的房間。

  The trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金,。

  This is what we should do這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的,。

  Thats why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因。

  His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是史密斯先生到了沒(méi)有,。

  注意:從句中的疑問(wèn)句用正常語(yǔ)序,,即陳述語(yǔ)序。

  as if, as though, because也可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,。

  She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來(lái)好像做了一件大事,。

  It is because you eat too much是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰嗔恕?/SPAN>

 

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