高考名詞性從句講解與練習題

天馬行空asd 2011-07-07

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高考名詞性從句講解與練習題

(2010-06-23 16:10:49)

高考名詞性從句講解與練習題

在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句,。它包括主語從句,、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句,。名詞性從句是中學階段的一個重要語法項目,，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到，并且每年的命題各有變化,。分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點主要有以下六個方面
1. 考查名詞性從句的語序問題          2. 考查引導詞that與what的區(qū)別（that在從句中不充當成分,，what在從句中作主語、賓語或表語）
3. 考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法      4. 考查whether與if的區(qū)別
5. 考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導的狀語從句的區(qū)別             6. 考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題
語法要點剖析
一,、名詞性從句

主語從句,、表語從句、賓語從句,、同位語從句,，在整個句子中所起的作用，相當于一個名詞,。因此,，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：
　　 連接詞：that, whether, if （不充當從句的任何成分）
　　 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
　　 連接副詞：when, where, how, why
1. 主語從句

作句子主語的從句叫主語從句,。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,，whether，if和連接代詞what,，who,，which，whatever,，whoever以及連接副詞how,，when，where,，why等詞引導,。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用,；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義,、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么,，還不清楚,。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

英語晚會將在哪里舉行,，還沒有宣布,。

有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首,，而把主語從句置于句末,。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：
（1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句
（3）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句（4）It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句

另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇,、不相信,、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時,，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”,，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

2. 賓語從句

名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語,。
1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句

由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分,，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海,。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.

我們決不能認為自己什么都好,，別人什么都不好。
注意：在demand,、order,、suggest、decide,、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求,、命令、建議,、決定等意義的動詞后,，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如：
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作,。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā),。
2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句,，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序,。

例如： I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么,。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,，她都會給予熱情的支持,。
3. 用whether或if引導的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,，仍保持陳述句語序。此外,，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether,，不用if：
a. 引導主語從句并在句首時；b. 引導表語從句,、同位語從句時,；c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時；d. 從句后有“or not”時,；e. 后接動詞不定式時,。

例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.

月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢,。
4. 注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng),，當主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況,，而使用
不同時態(tài),。

例如： he studies English every day. （從句用一般現(xiàn)在時）
he studied English last term. （從句用一般過去時）
I know (that) he will study English next year. （從句用一般將來時）
he has studied English since 1998. （從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）

當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài),，如一般過去時,，過去進行時，過去將來時等,；當從句表示的是客觀真理,，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象,，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài),。

例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中?/strong>

例如：   We don’t think you are here. 我們認為你不在這,。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。
3. 表語從句

在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句,。引導表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導,。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語 + 系動詞 + that從句,。例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game.                     事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽,。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.    那就是他為什么不到會的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain.                          看上去天要下雨了,。
需要注意的,，當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because,。例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning

4. 同位語從句

同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容,。同位語從句通常由that引導，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice,、demand,、doubt,、fact、hope,、idea,、information,、message,、news,、order,、problem,、promise,、question,、request,、suggestion,、truth,、wish,、word（消息）等,。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting.　我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動,。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來,。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了,。
同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：

that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導定語從句,，充當句子成分,，在從句中作賓語時可以省略,； that引導同位語從句時,，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義,，不充當句子成分,，一般不能省略,。
試比較下面兩個例句:
I had no idea that you were here．（that引導同位語從句,，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導定語從句,，作賓語,，可以省略）

2009名詞性從句高考題

1.(09全國2) Couldn’t I speak to _____ is in charger of International Sales please ?

A.who         B.what         C. whoever         D.whatever

2(北京)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _____it got any better.

A.when      B.how          C.why            D .if

3(09湖南)She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _____it takes to save her life.

A.whichever      B. however      C.whatever     D.whoever

4(09陜西)The how-to book can be of help to ______wants to do the job.

A.who         B.whomever          C.no matter who      D.whoever

5(09重慶)We should consider the students’ request ______the school library provide more books on popular science.

A.that      B. when         C. which          D.where

6(09安徽)A good friend of mine from _____I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.

A.how        B.whom        C.when       D.which

7(09天津)It is obvious to the students ______they should get well prepared for their future.

A.as        B.which        C.whether           D.that

8(09江蘇)Many young people in th West are expected to leave _____could be life’s most important decision ----marriage ----almost entirely up to luck.

A.as       B.that    C.which        D.what

9(_09浙江)-----Is there any possibility _____you could pick me up at the airport?

          -----No problem.

A.when        B.that        C.whether     D.what

10(09四川)News came from the school office _____Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.

A.which      B.what        C.that       D.where

11(09四川)----I wonder ______you’ll water this kind of flower.

         -----Every other day.

A.how often      B.how long         C.how soon       D.how much

12(09江西)The fact has worried many scientists______the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

A. what     B.which            C.that      D.though

13.(上海) It is not immediately clear _____the financial crisis will soon be over.

A. since             B.what            C.when           D.whether

14.(上海)As a new diplomat ,he often thinks of _____ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.

A.what         B.which              C.that             D.how

15.(江西) The fact has worried many scientists _____ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.    A.what           B.which         C.that          D.thoug

16. (91) No one will be sure ____ in a million years.

A. what man will look like   B. what will man look like

C.man will look like         D.what look will man like

17.(99) ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

---- Is that _____ you had a few days off?

A. Why       B. When          C. What       D. Where

18.(00) The suit fitted him well ____ the colour was a little brighter.

A. except for        B. except that       C. except when   D. besides

19.(04 Ⅰ) You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____ I disagree.

A. why        B. where         C. what          D. how

20.(05Ⅰ) Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game .

A. why          B.what       C. that         D.what

21.(05Ⅱ) The poor young man is ready to accept _____ help he can get.

A. whichever    B. however        C. whatever      D. whenever

22.(06Ⅰ) See the flags on top of the building ? That was _____ we did this morning .

A. when        B. which       C. where        D. what

23.(06Ⅱ) --- What did your parents think about your decision?

----- They always let me do _____ I think I should .

A. when     B. that       C. how       D. what

24.(07Ⅱ) _____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.

A. What         B. Why        C. Where       D. Which

25.(09Ⅰ) Could I speak to _____ is in charge of International Sales please?

   A. who         B. what        C. whoever         D. whatever

答案：

1-5CDCDA 6-10CDDBC 11-15ACDDC   16---20ADBBA    21---25CDDAC

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高考名詞性從句講解與練習題

高考名詞性從句講解與練習題