寫在前面：方便同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)，今天開始發(fā)布的文章均為中英文對照,，希望對大家有所幫助。

The beryl group of beryllium silicate minerals currently contains six member species, all of which have a hexagonal crystal structure: beryl, pezzottaite, bazzite, avdeevite, stoppaniite, and the most recent member, johnkoivulaite, which was named as a new mineral in 2019 after GIA’s analytical microscopist, John Koivula. As faceted gems, beryl and pezzottaite are the most commonly encountered species. Beryl is the most common beryllium-containing mineral and often forms in pegmatitic environments or as a product of metasomatism. Also possible is a unique set of conditions in which beryl can crystallize from magma-derived gases and groundwater, as in the case of the red beryl deposit in the state of Utah. Beryl gems include blue aquamarine), golden beryl, red beryl, pink morganite, colorless goshenite, as well as Maxixe beryl, which is commonly dark blue with an unstable color. Emerald is the green variety of beryl colored by chromium and/or vanadium. Pezzottaite was first discovered in a granitic pegmatite in Madagascar in 2002 . This unique bright pink beryl mineral has high cesium and lithium contents, which differentiate it as a unique beryl-group mineral.

Many of the beryl examples in the accompanying wall chart crystallized from a pegmatitic environment in which there is a high enough beryllium concentration for these gems to crystallize, which require the element as it is a bulk part of the crystal structure. These pegmatitic environments often contain fluids that get trapped along with other pegmatitic minerals, leaving a signature of their geologic formation within the gem’s interior. The minerals most likely to be observed in these pegmatitic gems include albite, apatite, muscovite, garnet, tourmaline, and quartz (Gübelin and Koivula, 1986), while rare minerals such as stibiotantalite and monazite are only occasionally encountered.

圖集中很多綠柱石的例子均形成于偉晶環(huán)境，由于Be是組成晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的主要組成,，而這種環(huán)境中具有足夠高的Be,，足以使這類寶石發(fā)生結(jié)晶,。偉晶環(huán)境中通常含有流體，可被其他偉晶礦物捕獲,，形成保留地質(zhì)信息的內(nèi)部特征,。在這些偉晶礦物中最常見到的礦物包裹體包括鈉長石、磷灰石,、白云母,、石榴石、電氣石和石英,，但是,，偶爾可見一些稀有礦物，如鉭銻礦,、獨(dú)居石等,。

This chart will focus on the members of the beryl group commonly seen as gems but will exclude emerald, which already has its own inclusions chart. While synthetic and treated beryl gems do exist, they are relatively uncommon, so this chart only deals with natural beryl. These include fluids and solid minerals, as well as surface features and structural inclusions. As with past charts, the images presented are not meant to be all-encompassing but offer a wide range of the possible types of inclusions found in beryl gems.

本圖集中專注視作寶石的綠柱石族成員，但不包括祖母綠（已有自己獨(dú)立的圖集）,，雖然合成和優(yōu)化處理綠柱石確實(shí)存在,，但相對不常見。因此本圖集僅涉及天然綠柱石族礦物,。包括流體包裹體,、固相礦物包裹體以及表面特征和結(jié)構(gòu)特征等。與過去的圖集相同,，所呈現(xiàn)的圖集并不意味著涵蓋所有,，但提供了綠柱石族寶石中廣泛發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能存在的內(nèi)含物類型。

樣品重9.885公斤,，尺寸為31 × 23 × 28 cm,，產(chǎn)自巴基斯坦Shigar谷，海藍(lán)寶石與石英和鈉長石共生,。收藏于GIA博物館,，編號43068。攝影：Robert Weldon