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2017中國(guó)上海國(guó)際童書展（CCBF）于11月17日至19日在上海世博展覽館舉行,。17日上午書展舉行“溝通的橋梁：2017國(guó)際兒童讀物聯(lián)（IBBY）殘疾青（少）年藏書主題論壇”,， IBBY殘疾青少年文獻(xiàn)中心負(fù)責(zé)人利·圖里納女士在論壇上發(fā)表重要講話。同時(shí)她還策劃了書展大廳的國(guó)際兒童讀物聯(lián)盟殘疾青少年藏書展,。IBBY殘疾青少年圖書文獻(xiàn)中心于1985年在挪威特殊教育學(xué)院成立,，2014年第三任負(fù)責(zé)人利·圖里納（Leigh Turina）接任該中心工作。該中心已經(jīng)收集大量殘疾兒童青少年和成年人的圖書,，這些圖書經(jīng)常在會(huì)議,、圖書展覽會(huì)上展出。該中心開展的各類國(guó)際項(xiàng)目得到了聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織,、出版商等的支持,。聽完利·圖里納的講話之后，我按捺不住自己激動(dòng)的心情向她提出：可否與中國(guó)特教和繪本界同仁分享她的講話內(nèi)容,，她欣然應(yīng)允,。回國(guó)后,，她很快給我發(fā)來發(fā)言稿的全文,，并慎重提出希望要全文發(fā)布，不要有任何的修改,。我們經(jīng)過認(rèn)真翻譯后,，特意請(qǐng)遠(yuǎn)在澳大利亞悉尼大學(xué)的汪斯斯老師進(jìn)行校對(duì)。之后,，我們將譯文重新發(fā)回利·圖里納,，請(qǐng)她過目,。她專門請(qǐng)會(huì)中文的同事審定，最終他們充分認(rèn)可通過,。這也是殘疾青少年圖書文獻(xiàn)中心對(duì)此次講話的獨(dú)家授權(quán),。我們特意以中英文對(duì)照的形式發(fā)布講話稿內(nèi)容，有興趣的讀者可以直接閱讀原文,。同時(shí),，書中配圖全為利·圖里納女士提供。同時(shí)由于文章內(nèi)容翔實(shí)所以編者將本篇文章分為了上下兩部分來向大家作專題報(bào)道,！ The 2017 IBBY Collection for Young People with Disabilities at China Shanghai Children’s Book Fair 2017國(guó)際兒童讀物聯(lián)盟（IBBY）殘疾青年藏書巡展 上海國(guó)際童書展（CCBF）站 上午好,。我的名字是Leigh Turina，我是加拿大多倫多一個(gè)大型公共圖書館的兒童圖書管理員,。我的工作就是在圖書館的故事時(shí)間里與0-12歲孩子們分享圖書,，回答關(guān)于圖書查詢的問題和管理維護(hù)所收藏的圖書。 Good morning. My name is Leigh Turina, I am a children’s librarian in a large public library in Toronto, Canada. In my work of sharing books with children from birth to 12 years through story times, answering reference questions and maintaining collection. 我也有幸地為“國(guó)際兒童讀物聯(lián)盟殘疾青少年讀物藏書” 工作,。在這里,，我不僅想談?wù)勗冢ㄍ瘯梗┐髲d里展出的藏品，同時(shí)也涉及作者和出版商的話題,。我想告訴大家,，我們是如何為本次展覽精心挑選這些優(yōu)質(zhì)書籍的。 在國(guó)際兒童讀物聯(lián)盟,，我們相信圖書是可以增進(jìn)人與人之間理解的橋梁,。閱讀那些與我們不一樣的人的圖書，或者閱讀那些與我們有不同經(jīng)歷的人的圖書,，能夠?yàn)槲覀兲峁┝私馐澜绲囊环N方式,。雖然世界衛(wèi)生組織（2011）指出，世界上15%的人口有某種形式的殘疾（即每100人中有15人）,，但我們中的許多人并不了解殘疾人,。那么，我們?cè)趺磁c殘疾人相處呢,？如果我們不了解殘疾人的生活,，我們又該如何教育我們的后代？ I am also privileged to work with the IBBY Collection for Young People with Disabilities. While I would like to talk about the collection which is on display in the lobby, I am gearing this talk towards authors and publishers. I would like to tell you how we choose the outstanding books which are selected for this collection. At the IBBY the International Board on Books for Young People, we believe that books can provide bridges of understanding amongst people. Reading about people who may be different than we are, or those who have different experiences than we do, provides us with one way of learning about the world. Although the World Health Organization (2011) stated that 15% of the world’s population live with some form of disability (that’s 15 people out of every 100), many of us do not know someone with a disability. Then, how do we go about meeting someone with a disability? And if we do not know about the lives of people with disabilities, how do we teach our children? 我想說我們需要閱讀圖書,。我所學(xué)到的大部分知識(shí)都來自于閱讀,，我隨時(shí)隨地如饑似渴地閱讀，不一定在教室里,，可能更多的是在家里,，在地鐵里；我敢說,，在座的大多數(shù)也是如此,。 我們對(duì)孩子懷有很多夢(mèng)想,，其中最主要的是我們希望他們所擁有的比我們更多。我們希望他們過上比我們更好的生活,。就書本而言，我們希望他們能夠讀到,、學(xué)到的比我們更多,。我的夢(mèng)想是孩子能夠?yàn)樽约憾x，能夠如饑似渴地博覽群書,。我想讓他們知道,，無論膚色、國(guó)籍,、性別,、年齡、宗教,、性向,、健康或殘疾，任何地方的孩子都是一樣的,。對(duì)于殘疾孩子和健全的孩子,，我都懷有這樣的夢(mèng)想。 I would say that we need to read books. The way I learned most of what I know is by sitting and exploring books, not necessarily in the classroom, but by avidly reading at home, in the subway, anywhere and anytime I could; I would bet that is true for most of you here at this book fair. We have so many dreams for our children, but mostly we want them to have more than we have. We want them to have a better life than we do. And in terms of books, we want them to read more and learn more than we have been able to. My dream for children is that they are read to and they read for themselves voraciously, widely and diversely. I want them to learn that children are the same everywhere, whether they are a different colour, nationality, gender, age, religion, sexuality, or ability/disability. I have this same dream for a child born with a disability as I do for an able-bodied child. 國(guó)際兒童讀物聯(lián)盟殘疾青少年讀物藏書每?jī)赡暝u(píng)選一次,，經(jīng)過國(guó)際兒童讀物聯(lián)盟各國(guó)的分會(huì)推薦,，為殘疾兒童和青少年精選適合他們的讀物。這是2017年兒童讀物精選目錄,。每?jī)赡晖瞥鲆淮巍?/span>網(wǎng)址是：tpl.ca/ibby和ibby.org The IBBY Collection for Young People with Disabilities is a biennial selection of books from IBBY National Sections for and about children and teens with disabilities. This is the catalogue of the 2017 IBBY Selection. Comes out every two years. Online at tpl.ca/ibby and ibby.org 藏書包括超過40種文字的印刷字體,、盲文、手語和圖片溝通符號(hào)的書籍,，也包括布書,、觸摸書、無字書,。其中有傳記和信息類圖書,，但主要是繪本和小說。這些故事能夠讓讀者體驗(yàn)失明,、有自閉癥弟弟或是愛上有精神疾病青少年的感受,。因此，請(qǐng)讓我與你們分享,，我選書時(shí)努力追尋的一些東西,。如果你是一位出版商，我希望給你選擇出版圖書提供一些我個(gè)人的意見,。如果你是一位作家,，我希望給你勇氣去研究殘疾人,，以便準(zhǔn)確地捕捉到你書中人物的個(gè)性。如果你是一位家長(zhǎng),，我希望你會(huì)像我一樣,，尋找優(yōu)質(zhì)而有力的書籍與你的孩子分享。首先,，我要找到一個(gè)好故事,。一本僅僅是為了教人道理的書不一定是一本有趣的書。它可以是迂腐的,、刻板的人物形象,。但是一個(gè)好的故事有著鮮明的人物形象與故事情節(jié)，而這正是我想要的,。接下來,，我將舉一些2017國(guó)際兒童讀物聯(lián)盟藏書的例子： for the Collection. If you are a publisher, I hope this will help give you one person’s opinion of what you might publish. If you are an author, I hope this will give you the courage to go out and research a person with a disability so that you might capture their personality in one of your characters. And if you are a parent, I hope you will be like me and look for the good strong books to share with your children.First off, I look for a good story. A book that is written just to teach a lesson is not necessarily an interesting book to read. It can be pedantic, with wooden stereotypic characters. Ah, but a good story which pulls you into the action with strong characters and plots! That’s what I want. Let me give you some examples from the 2017 IBBY Collection: 個(gè)性特點(diǎn)：是否真實(shí)描述出殘疾人鮮明、多元化的個(gè)性特征,？ 《一個(gè)》（英國(guó)）,。這是一本令人震驚的書，講述了腰部相連的連體雙胞胎姐妹的故事,，她們共同擁有2個(gè)頭,、2個(gè)心臟、4個(gè)胳膊和一對(duì)完全正常的腿……還有2個(gè)迥異的性格,。她們中的一個(gè)戀愛了,，健康狀況需要她們做分離手術(shù)；一個(gè)可能會(huì)好起來,，但另一個(gè)卻可能會(huì)死亡,。雖然讀者很清楚她們的殘疾，但人物的生命和生死決定超越了任何其他思想,。 Character: Is the person with the disability a strong multi-dimensional character who is realistically portrayed? One (UK). This is an astounding book about conjoined twins who are connected at the waist. The sisters have 2 heads, 2 hearts, 4 arms and one pair of fully functioning legs…and 2 very different personalities. Throw in a romance for one twin, and a health condition which asks them to decide about separation surgery; one may get better but the other may die. Although the reader is very aware of their disability, the character’s lives and their life-and-death decision transcend any other thoughts. 《不,！》（瑞典）。驚人的而堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的性格,。這是我第一次看到為學(xué)齡前兒童設(shè)計(jì)的紙板書中出現(xiàn)坐在輪椅上的主角,。露西亞不僅是故事的一部分，她還掌控著自己的行動(dòng),。 Nej! (Sweden). Amazing, strong character. This is the first time I have seen a primary character in a wheelchair in a board book format for preschoolers. Not only is Lucia a part of the story, she is in charge of the action. 角色：（殘疾人）人物必須是可憐的人,，必須是弱者，必須是需要從苦難中拯救出來的人嗎,？殘疾人只能作為故事的配角嗎,？把殘疾人加入故事只是為了證明殘疾人的存在嗎？ 《El Deafo》（美國(guó)）,。希希是一個(gè)聾孩子,，這個(gè)角色是在作者童年經(jīng)歷的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)作出來的,。其他同學(xué)給希希一個(gè)超級(jí)英雄的昵稱“El Deafo”，因?yàn)樗闹犉髯屗軌蚵牭嚼蠋熁氐浇淌业哪_步聲,。她節(jié)省了時(shí)間,，讓同學(xué)們及時(shí)停止玩耍。 Role: Are the characters presented as objects of pity, as weak people who must be saved from their “affliction?” Are they a secondary part of the story and just added to make sure that disabilities are represented? 《El Deafo 》(US). Cece, a character who is deaf, is loosely based on the author’s childhood. The other students give Cece a superhero nickname of El Deafo, because her hearing aids allow her to hear when the teacher is coming back to the classroom. She saves the day by giving them time to stop playing around. 《拯救我生命的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)》（美國(guó)）,。艾達(dá)在二戰(zhàn)期間住在倫敦的一個(gè)小公寓里,。她那虐待成性的母親為艾達(dá)的天性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足（一種腳部畸形）感到羞恥，讓她沒有機(jī)會(huì)上學(xué),。當(dāng)她被疏散到農(nóng)村與另一個(gè)家庭生活時(shí)，她的腳和情緒都逐漸得到治愈,。這本書講述了一個(gè)關(guān)于堅(jiān)韌的故事,，反映了不同時(shí)期人們的不同態(tài)度。 War that saved my life (US). Ada is living in a small apartment in London during WWII. Her abusive mother is ashamed of Ada’s club foot (foot abnormality) and keeps her away from school. When she is evacuated to the countryside to live with another family, she begins to heal both her foot and her well-being. The book weaves a tale of resilience along with a snapshot of different attitudes during a different time. 不同的觀點(diǎn)：對(duì)于我們所有人來說,，在故事和書中看到“自己”是極其重要的,。如果一個(gè)患有腦癱的孩子在她讀過的任何一本書中都沒有看到患有同樣殘疾的角色，那是否意味著她不夠好,，不能成為一個(gè)書中的人物,？如果繪本中沒有殘疾兒童的插圖，那是否意味著他們不存在,？如果他們不在故事中,，那是否意味著他們不是這個(gè)社會(huì)的成員？Rudine西姆斯主教,，語言藝術(shù)專家,，在20世紀(jì)90年代就提出了“鏡子”的概念。我們希望在我們閱讀的圖書中看到反映我們的文化,、經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及能力的角色,。我希望青少年能看到其他坐在輪椅上的人，比如我們來自于冰島,、澳大利亞,、俄羅斯的小說。我希望有精神疾病的青少年能夠閱讀加拿大小說《加爾文》,，從中可以知道他需要控制自己的疾病,，而不是讓疾病控制自己的生活。我,，我自己,，同樣也需要學(xué)習(xí)這些人生課程。 同樣,，我們需要閱讀描述與我們不同的人的圖書,。我們需要一扇通向不同世界的窗戶,。有一個(gè)坐在輪椅上的父親是什么感覺？或者你的妹妹有腦損傷是什么感覺,？或者因?yàn)槭鞑荒芸吹胶Ｑ笫鞘裁锤杏X,？或者你班里的孤獨(dú)癥孩子描述他就像生活在一個(gè)有著堅(jiān)硬外殼的巨大白色雞蛋里，你又是什么感覺,？閱讀關(guān)于這些孩子的圖書能夠教給我們什么,？我會(huì)說這就像遇見某個(gè)人。你看到的是你們的相似點(diǎn),，而不是你們的不同點(diǎn),。你看到更像你的人物，而不是“他們中的一個(gè)”的人物,，這就是孩子們廣泛閱讀書籍的優(yōu)點(diǎn),，或者引用美國(guó)圖書館協(xié)會(huì)的口號(hào)“我們需要多樣化的書籍”。 Different point of view: It is important for all of us to see ourselves in stories and books. If a child who has cerebral palsy does not see another character with the same disability in any of the books she has read, does that mean she is not good enough to be a character? If there are no illustrations of children with disabilities in picture books, does that mean that they do not exist? If they are not in stories, does that mean they do not belong? Rudine Sims Bishop, a language arts specialist, wrote about this mirror concept in the 1990s. We long to see characters with our own culture, our experiences and our abilities reflected in the books we read. I want teens to see others in wheelchairs, such as our novels set in Iceland, Australia, Russia. I want teens with mental illness to be able to read the Canadian novel, Calvin, where a teen learns that he needs to control his illness rather than letting it control his life. I ,myself, need to learn these life lessons.Similarly, we need to read about people who are different from us. We need a window into diverse worlds. What is it like to have your father in a wheelchair? Or your sister to have brain damage? Or to be blind and not be able to see the ocean Or to have a child in your class describe his autism as living inside a big white egg with a hard shell. What does reading about these children teach us? I would say that it is like meeting someone. You come to see your similarities not your differences. You see the characters as more like you rather than “one of them.” And that is the advantage of children being read diverse books, or to quote the American Library Association campaign “We need Diverse Books.” 《Depourvu》（加拿大）,。這部令人震驚的法語加拿大小說顛覆了我們的觀點(diǎn),。小說中的每個(gè)人都是自閉癥患者，然而敘述者是“殘疾人”——因?yàn)樗钦Ｈ恕?/strong> Depourvu (Canada). This astonishing French-Canadian novel flips our point of view. Everyone in the novel is autistic; the narrator is the one with the disability - because he is normal. IBBY 國(guó)際兒童讀物聯(lián)盟 國(guó)際兒童讀物聯(lián)盟（IBBY）是和聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織,、聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)有正式咨商關(guān)系的非贏利的國(guó)際非政府組織,，1953年在瑞士蘇黎士創(chuàng)立， 它的宗旨是,，通過兒童圖書促進(jìn)國(guó)際間了解,；使全世界各地兒童都有機(jī)會(huì)接觸到具有高文學(xué)水準(zhǔn)和高藝術(shù)水準(zhǔn)的圖書；鼓勵(lì)并支持各國(guó),、尤其是發(fā)展中國(guó)家的高品質(zhì)兒童圖書的出版和發(fā)行,；對(duì)那些致力于兒童和兒童文學(xué)事業(yè)的人們提供援助和培訓(xùn)；激勵(lì)兒童文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究和學(xué)術(shù)事業(yè),。國(guó)際兒童讀物聯(lián)盟世界大會(huì)每?jī)赡暾匍_一次,，大會(huì)頒發(fā)國(guó)際兒童文學(xué)最高獎(jiǎng)——安徒生獎(jiǎng)。半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,，國(guó)際兒童讀物聯(lián)盟所開展的各類活動(dòng)（包括IBBY榮譽(yù)名冊(cè),、IBBY朝日閱讀促進(jìn)獎(jiǎng)、國(guó)際兒童圖書節(jié),、IBBY聯(lián)合國(guó)教育科學(xué)及文化組織的專題討論和專家研討會(huì),、IBBY殘疾青少年圖書文獻(xiàn)中心、IBBY的刊物《書鳥》雜志等等）,，在國(guó)際上產(chǎn)生了廣泛的影響,，被譽(yù)為兒童讀物界的“小聯(lián)合國(guó)”。目前，全世界有69個(gè)國(guó)家成立了IBBY的國(guó)家分會(huì),。中國(guó)的少兒出版界從1986年開始參加IBBY活動(dòng),，1990年成立了中國(guó)分會(huì)。中國(guó)分會(huì)成立以來,，30幾家專業(yè)少年兒童出版社一直是國(guó)際兒童讀物聯(lián)盟的積極參與者,。中國(guó)兒童讀物的飛速發(fā)展和中國(guó)童書出版大國(guó)的國(guó)際地位，越來越受到IBBY及全球童書界的關(guān)注和認(rèn)可,。目前,，全世界有68個(gè)國(guó)家成立了IBBY的國(guó)家分會(huì)，中國(guó)分會(huì)于1986年成立,。 繪本浸潤(rùn)特殊兒童生命 繪本滋養(yǎng)特殊兒童心靈 共享陽光 綻放精彩 策劃老師：江小英 校對(duì)：汪斯斯 翻譯：江小英 ?；墼?/span> 文/圖：Leigh Turina 排版：尹玉蓮 柴富強(qiáng) |
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