宕（ dàng）口,，出自《說(shuō)文》,，意為洞穴、洞屋?，F(xiàn)在主要是指露天礦山開(kāi)采形成的采石場(chǎng),。

▼礦山公園鳥(niǎo)瞰，aerial view of Tangshan Quarry Park

01

礦坑公園是張?zhí)凭坝^目前完成（部分建成）的尺度最大的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,，總設(shè)計(jì)范圍有40公頃,，由南京湯山溫泉旅游管委會(huì)主導(dǎo)開(kāi)發(fā)建設(shè)。剛接觸到這個(gè)項(xiàng)目時(shí)心里非常忐忑,。過(guò)去的一些年,，我們服務(wù)的主要客戶(hù)是地產(chǎn)或私營(yíng)投資方，極少參與政府公共項(xiàng)目,，由于對(duì)其中的操作方法與流程不熟悉,，讓我們對(duì)最終的完成度沒(méi)有把握。場(chǎng)地距離南京約一小時(shí)車(chē)程,，位于湯山國(guó)家旅游度假區(qū)內(nèi)湯山山體南側(cè),。在東南大學(xué)對(duì)湯山溫泉小鎮(zhèn)的新規(guī)劃中，這里將成為吸引未來(lái)旅游度假人群的目的地之一,。

Tangshan Quarry Park, a former abandoned stone mining site, demonstrates how strong landscape design could transform a human activity destination to the different purpose, and catalyze local community revitalization. It’s the largest scale project that Z+T Studio currently involved, as well as one of the very few non-private development in our portfolio.

▼場(chǎng)地原始風(fēng)貌,，site landscape

▼植物已經(jīng)悄然從破碎的石縫中慢慢長(zhǎng)出,，與冷峻的石壁搭配成漂亮的肌理,，the beautiful stone textures combined with newly sprout plants from cracks

從幾公里外的道路上清晰可見(jiàn)的幾個(gè)廢棄的采石宕口,，曾是湯山最大的廢棄礦坑龍泉采石場(chǎng)。項(xiàng)目的初衷是如何讓這幾個(gè)赫赫然的宕口復(fù)綠,，并為未來(lái)的旅游休閑活動(dòng)提供場(chǎng)所,。宕口遠(yuǎn)看傷痕累累，走進(jìn)卻氣勢(shì)恢宏——植物已經(jīng)悄然的從破碎的石縫中慢慢長(zhǎng)出,，與冷峻的石壁搭配成漂亮的肌理,；巨大的采石場(chǎng)的尺度讓人覺(jué)得不可觸、不可及,，但是熱血沸騰,。工業(yè)廢棄地改造項(xiàng)目在國(guó)內(nèi)外已有許多成功案例，從西雅圖的煤氣站公園,，到德國(guó)的杜伊斯堡景觀公園,，從中山的造船廠公園到上海的辰山礦坑花園，每個(gè)項(xiàng)目都有具體的場(chǎng)地條件及挖掘潛力,，提供了可充分利用的特殊資源,。張?zhí)凭坝^與南京同道建筑和東南大學(xué)的老師，以及同項(xiàng)目甲方多次對(duì)項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)場(chǎng)踏勘,，共同協(xié)商設(shè)計(jì),，探討未來(lái)管理運(yùn)營(yíng)策略等。雖然項(xiàng)目還沒(méi)有完全呈現(xiàn),，但使用者對(duì)目前開(kāi)放部分的熱情,，讓我們對(duì)未建成部分充滿(mǎn)期待。

The 40 hectares site is one-hour driving from Nanjing, at the south of Tangshan National Tourism Resort. Identified with three stunning scale of excavated craters, it could be visualized from miles away. The original intention of the project was to cover up the excavation with Geo-slope protection and make the craters invisible. However, after viewing the beautiful stone textures combined with newly sprout plants from cracks, we decided to preserve the dramatic momentum and let the derelict cured by itself.

▼場(chǎng)地原本是一個(gè)廢棄的采石場(chǎng),，項(xiàng)目的初衷是如何讓這幾個(gè)赫赫然的宕口復(fù)綠,，并為未來(lái)的旅游休閑活動(dòng)提供場(chǎng)所，the park, a former abandoned stone mining site, demonstrates how strong landscape design could transform a human activity destination to the different purpose, and catalyze local community revitalization

▼獨(dú)特的場(chǎng)地條件與設(shè)計(jì)相結(jié)合,，unique landscape combined with the design

▼弧形空中走廊,，arc air lane

02

景觀設(shè)計(jì)通過(guò)梳理現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地形和水文，在已經(jīng)被破壞的自然碎片基礎(chǔ)上形成豐富的體驗(yàn)場(chǎng)所,，包括四個(gè)不同景觀功能的宕口（溫泉酒店,、攢子瀑、天空走廊,、伴山營(yíng)地）,，阡陌花澗、礦野拾趣與三疊湖,，以及服務(wù)配套的餐廳茶室等,。 原有山體上的多個(gè)采石坑，互相獨(dú)立并不相通,。這個(gè)獨(dú)特的條件允許各個(gè)采石坑可以有不同的功能定位：最東側(cè)的宕口深而隱蔽被定位成靜謐休閑的溫泉酒店附屬設(shè)施,；最西側(cè)的開(kāi)闊寬廣,，被用于音樂(lè)節(jié)露營(yíng)房車(chē)等熱鬧的公共開(kāi)放場(chǎng)所；中間的兩個(gè)宕口成為公園游覽的體驗(yàn)區(qū),。經(jīng)過(guò)地質(zhì)專(zhuān)家綜合評(píng)估,，采石破壞的山體巖壁由于其特殊的地質(zhì)特征，即使經(jīng)過(guò)加固,，也不能完全排除未來(lái)崩塌和落石等安全隱患,。因此，我們對(duì)景觀游覽路線和方式進(jìn)行了多種可能性研究,，綜合安全,、造價(jià)、體驗(yàn),、生態(tài)等多個(gè)因素做出選擇,。

Responding to the existing topography and hydrology, the site was regraded and transformed into a vibrant experimenting destination, including four different reused quarry sites, meadow field, playground and Sandie (Three Drops) Lake. Due to their distinctive geological features, each pit was introduced with different functions: the far eastern side quarry is deep and concealed, which is positioned as a quiet and relaxing spa area belong to a hotel; the west side quarry is open and abroad that perfectly functions for music festival and camping; the two middle craters are mostly visual significant, and become the new perspectives exposed to the public. Moreover, hiking system has been taking into consideration based on safety, cost, maintenance, different type of experience and the sensitivity of ecology. The safety issue is one of the most important concern all the time. To eliminate future collapse anchoring devices of erosion control is specialized by engineers and slope protection specialists.

▼設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)景觀游覽路線和方式進(jìn)行了多種可能性研究，綜合安全,、造價(jià),、體驗(yàn)、生態(tài)等多個(gè)因素做出選擇,，hiking system has been taking into consideration based on safety, cost, maintenance, different type of experience and the sensitivity of ecology

游人進(jìn)入公園后先到自然匯水而成的濕地湖泊區(qū),，然后沿坡道到達(dá)濕地草甸及阡陌花澗。

Passing through the gateway of entrance, visitors will first encounter a pond with wetland functioned with storm run-off. Following the zigzag ramp and meandering through the meadow field, people will arrive at the bottom of one quarry through a “Time Tunnel”.

▼設(shè)計(jì)草圖,，design sketch

▼游人進(jìn)入公園后先到自然匯水而成的濕地湖泊區(qū),，passing through the gateway of entrance, visitors will first encounter a pond with wetland functioned with storm run-off

▼疊水湖泊，lake with drops

▼濕地草甸及阡陌花澗,，the meadow field

▼戶(hù)外露天場(chǎng)地,，area open to the sky

通過(guò)一個(gè)“時(shí)光隧道”進(jìn)入第一個(gè)宕口的底部，然后拾階而上逐漸體驗(yàn)曾經(jīng)的采石場(chǎng)粗獷陡峭的巖壁,，幾經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)折到達(dá)一個(gè)可以遠(yuǎn)眺公園全景的平臺(tái),。這里是舊有采石場(chǎng)堆放廢棄石渣形成的一個(gè)相對(duì)平坦的場(chǎng)地。

Alongside the cor-ten steel stair case, which evokes the rough texture of rocks and color, people eventually reach a platform overlooking the whole park.

▼拾階而上逐漸體驗(yàn)曾經(jīng)的采石場(chǎng)粗獷陡峭的巖壁,，幾經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)折到達(dá)一個(gè)可以遠(yuǎn)眺公園全景的平臺(tái),，alongside the cor-ten steel stair case, which evokes the rough texture of rocks and color, people eventually reach a platform overlooking the whole park

之后，通過(guò)棧道進(jìn)入相鄰的另一個(gè)宕口,，沿側(cè)壁逐漸下到坑底,，從坑里出來(lái)到達(dá)礦野拾趣樂(lè)園。礦野拾趣樂(lè)園原為采石場(chǎng)堆放廢料的地方,，原有植被和水文已被完全破壞,。根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)條件，在恢復(fù)水文生態(tài)加固山坡基礎(chǔ)上,，我們將攀爬,、滑梯,、秋千滑索、蹦床等等活動(dòng)設(shè)施組合在一起,，形成礦坑特色的游憩場(chǎng)所。這是該項(xiàng)目目前最先完成的部分,。

Another adjacent quarry needs to be reached by walking through a connecting corridor. Visitors will come out of it and land to the Quarry playground at the end. The playground featured with industrial characteristic, is designed for all ages by climbing, slides, swing, trampoline under the unique background. As original crush stone pileup, the existing slopes is reinforced for heavy duty facilities and playground equipment.

▼礦野拾趣樂(lè)園,，Quarry playground

▼根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)條件，在恢復(fù)水文生態(tài)加固山坡基礎(chǔ)上,，設(shè)計(jì)將攀爬,、滑梯、秋千滑索,、蹦床等等活動(dòng)設(shè)施組合在一起,，形成礦坑特色的游憩場(chǎng)所，the playground featured with industrial characteristic, is designed for all ages by climbing, slides, swing, trampoline under the unique background

▼攀爬,，climbing

▼通道,，walkways

▼滑梯，slides

▼滑梯一側(cè)的游樂(lè)設(shè)施,，entertainment facilities on the side of the slides

▼蹦床,，trampoline

▼秋千，swing

03

參與設(shè)計(jì)建造南京城市雙修示范項(xiàng)目的礦坑公園,，對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)有很多啟發(fā)意義,，比如：各地的城市（郊野）公園在過(guò)去很多年都扮演著提升土地價(jià)值、促進(jìn)房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)的作用,，其短期目的性使用及后期運(yùn)營(yíng)維護(hù)令人擔(dān)憂(yōu),。南京湯山礦坑公園引入適當(dāng)?shù)慕?jīng)營(yíng)項(xiàng)目，包括礦坑溫泉中心,、音樂(lè)節(jié),、房車(chē)營(yíng)地、兒童樂(lè)園,、餐廳茶室,、博物館等等，既能服務(wù)游客,，又為未來(lái)公園管理提供了經(jīng)費(fèi),，保證了公園有質(zhì)量的維護(hù)。這為未來(lái)城市（郊野）公園提供了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的良性發(fā)展范式,。自然山水一旦傷筋動(dòng)骨再自我修復(fù)是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程,。人為介入簡(jiǎn)單地覆蓋上一層土壤將其變綠可能是容易的，其生態(tài)意義卻非常讓人質(zhì)疑,。讓采石破壞的崖壁人工變綠需要花費(fèi)的代價(jià)非常大,，其效果卻難以預(yù)估,。那么如果掩蓋錯(cuò)誤并不能讓人類(lèi)未來(lái)少犯類(lèi)似的錯(cuò)誤，不如讓人看到這些破壞,，從而更加敬畏和珍視自然,。這何嘗又不是一種環(huán)境教育。

Some insights of the project: City parks used to play a role of upgrading land value and promoting real estate development in the past decades. The short-term purpose development always creates dysfunction by lacking of maintenance. However, Nanjing Tangshan Quarry Park has introduced multilevel of tenants and facilities, either hot spring hotel and restaurants for tourists, or music festival, camping ground, playground for families and communities, which will finance future management in a positive way. It well-establishes a potential city park model for the communities in China. The resilience of nature is extremely challenge as the undermining geological feature as mountains. Intervening the natural renovation process with covering Geo-cells with dirt and green is always controversial for the unpredictable effect, without thinking about overall cost. If concealing mistakes cannot prevent less unsophisticated development in the future, this park will bring a positive impact of education for how human beings should balance environmental challenge and encourage more sustainable solutions of development.