保羅·高更(Paul Gauguin,1848-1903)法國(guó)后印象派畫(huà)家,、雕塑家,,與梵高、塞尚并稱(chēng)為后印象派三大巨匠,,對(duì)現(xiàn)當(dāng)代繪畫(huà)的發(fā)展有著非常深遠(yuǎn)的影響,。 高更在臨終之前, 把自己的全部精力都投入到這幅畫(huà)中,。 這幅畫(huà)的名字是: 我們從哪里來(lái),?我們是誰(shuí)?我們往哪里去,? 高更生于法國(guó)巴黎,,他把繪畫(huà)的本質(zhì)看作是某種獨(dú)立于自然之外的東西,當(dāng)成記憶中經(jīng)驗(yàn)的一種創(chuàng)造,,而不是一般所認(rèn)為的那種通過(guò)反復(fù)寫(xiě)生而直接獲得的知覺(jué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)中的東西,。 和大多數(shù)同時(shí)代的藝術(shù)家相比,他的探索在更大程度上受到原始藝術(shù)的影響,,特別是他對(duì)南太平洋熱帶島嶼的風(fēng)土人情極為癡迷,,這似乎要從他的家族背景和成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷中追根溯源了。 英國(guó)作家毛姆曾以高更的經(jīng)歷為藍(lán)本寫(xiě)過(guò)一部著名的小說(shuō)《月亮和六便士》,,其中雖對(duì)高更的生平與人格不盡真實(shí),,但也正是這部小說(shuō)讓高更出眾的才華與過(guò)人的勇氣得到世人關(guān)注,而高更的人生經(jīng)歷以及他的畫(huà)作所體現(xiàn)出的對(duì)于現(xiàn)代文明的深刻反思非常具有典型性的,。 本文由公號(hào)哲學(xué)之路編輯發(fā)布 高更在技法上采用色彩平涂,,注重和諧而不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比,《講道以后的幻景》就是這種藝術(shù)處理的代表作,。他的繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格與印象主義迥然不同,,強(qiáng)烈的輪廓線以及用主觀化色彩表現(xiàn)經(jīng)過(guò)概括和簡(jiǎn)化了的形體,都服從于幾何形圖案,從而取得音樂(lè)性,、節(jié)奏感和裝飾效果,。其理論和實(shí)踐影響了一大批畫(huà)家,被譽(yù)為繼印象主義之后在法國(guó)畫(huà)壇上產(chǎn)生重要影響的藝術(shù)革新者,。 1897年2月,,高更完成了創(chuàng)作生涯中最大的一幅油畫(huà): '我們從哪里來(lái)?我們是誰(shuí)?我們往哪里去?'。這幅畫(huà),,用他的話來(lái)說(shuō),,'其意義遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)所有以前的作品;我再也畫(huà)不出更好的有同樣價(jià)值的畫(huà)來(lái)了。在我臨終以前我已把自己的全部精力都投人這幅畫(huà)中了,。 本文由公號(hào)哲學(xué)之路編輯發(fā)布 這里有多少我在種種可怕的環(huán)境中所體驗(yàn)過(guò)的悲傷之情,,這里我的眼睛看得多么真切而且未經(jīng)校正,以致一切輕率倉(cāng)促的痕跡蕩然無(wú)存,,它們看見(jiàn)的就是生活本身……整整一個(gè)月,,我一直處在一種難以形容的癲狂狀態(tài)之中,晝夜不停地畫(huà)著這幅畫(huà)……盡管它有中間調(diào)子,,但整個(gè)風(fēng)景完全是穩(wěn)定的藍(lán)色和韋羅內(nèi)塞式的綠色,。所有的裸體都以鮮艷的橙黃色突出在風(fēng)景前面。' 在惡劣的環(huán)境中,,以痛苦的熱情和清晰的幻覺(jué)來(lái)描繪,,因此畫(huà)面看起來(lái)毫無(wú)急躁的跡象,反而洋溢著生氣,。沒(méi)有模特兒,,沒(méi)有畫(huà)技,沒(méi)有一般所謂的繪畫(huà)規(guī)則,。' 畫(huà)面色彩單純而富神秘氣息,,平面手法使之富有東方的裝飾性與浪漫色彩。在斑駁絢麗,、如夢(mèng)如幻的畫(huà)面中,,暗寓著畫(huà)家哲理性的對(duì)生命意義的追問(wèn)。 油畫(huà)《黃色的基督》,,以其平鋪的塊面,、濃重的色彩、大膽的輪廓線以及簡(jiǎn)約的造型,,反映出高更'綜合主義'繪畫(huà)的風(fēng)格特點(diǎn),。整個(gè)畫(huà)面被前景的人物、十字架的垂直立柱以及頂端的水平橫木所支撐,。田野,、天空及十字架的道道條狀的形,,與婦女及樹(shù)木圖像圓轉(zhuǎn)起伏的曲線,產(chǎn)生鮮明對(duì)比;那平直延展的形,,與圓曲封閉的形,,形成強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)照。所有物象都統(tǒng)一于一種明快而簡(jiǎn)約的圖形中,。色彩雖然華麗,卻顯示出布列頓景色的天然質(zhì)樸;婦女的形象雖顯得優(yōu)雅,,然而其莊稼人的氣質(zhì)卻仍是一目了然,。 Clearing In the forest Saint Cloud II In the forest Saint Cloud The Forest Path Working the land Cail Factories and Quai of Grenelle Chicken Coop Landscape with Poplars Mette asleep on a sofa Pears and grapes Port de Grenelle The Seine at the Pont d'Iena The Seine in Paris The Seine opposite the wharf de passy The Seine, Pont d'Iena, Snowing Bouquet of Peonies on a Musical Score China Asters, Hat and Book Daisies and peonies in blue vase Man with a Toque Port de Javel Still life with oysters Still life with red mullet and jug Autumn Landscape (Farm and pond) Portrait of a child (Aline Gauguin) Portrait of Claude Antoine Charles Favre Portrait of Ingeborg Thaulow The embroiderer or Mette Gauguin Apple-Trees in Blossom Geese on the farm Riverside (Breton landscape) Snow at Vaugirard The market gardens of Vaugirard Vaugirard church Winter Landscape Clay jug and irin mug Flowers and carpet (Pansies) Houses at Vaugirard Mandolin on a chair Still life with fruit plate To Make a Bouquet Banks of the Oise Corner of the garden rue Carsal Flowers and carpet Interior of the Painter’s House, rue Carcel Party wall Pissarro’s Garden, Pontoise Pond with Ducks (Girl Amusing Herself) River bank in winter Still life with Oranges Still life. Vase with flowers on the window The Queen’s Mill Young Girl Dreaming (Study of a Child Asleep) Bouquet of Sunflowers At the Window Aube the Sculptor and His Son Blue Barge Bouquet of flowers Flowers and Japanese book Gratte roosters path Mountain landscape Quarries at Pontoise Aline Gauguin and one of her brothers Double portrait of a young girl (Mademoiselle Lafuite) Farm in Osny Garden In Rue Carcel Harbour Scene, Dieppe Ingeborg Thaulow Mandolina and Flowers Osny, rue de Pontoise, Winter Quarry hole in the cliff Stream in Osny Street in Osny The farm in Grue The garden in winter, rue Carcel Tomatoes and a pewter tankard on a table Village street, Osny A Henhouse Abandoned garden in Rouen An Orchard under the Church of Bihorel Basket of flowers Blue roofs of Rouen Bouquet Bust of a Nude Girl Clovis Gauguin asleep Hillside Landscape near Onsy Mette Gauguin in an Evening Dress Nasturtiums & dahlias in a basket Near Rouen Normandy Landscape-Cow in a Meadow Notre Dame des Agnes Orchard under the Church of Bihorel (Children in the Pasture) Osny, the gate of Busagny farm Portrait of a seated man Portrait of Aline Portrait of Isidore Gauguin Returning from the harvest (Manuring) Rouen at spring Rouen suburb Rue Jouvenet, Rouen Skaters in Fredericksberg park Street in Rouen Sunken Lane The artist’s children The cliffs of Le-Bouille The Port Of Rouen The road up The Square Pong Two Cows in the Meadow Vase of Peonies Wooded Path Young Woman Lying in a Grass Paul Gauguin and wife Mette, Copenhagen Bare Trees Bathing, Dieppe Boy by the Water By the Stream, Autumn Cattle Drinking Cliff near Dieppe Conversation Dahlias in a copper vase Donkey by Lane Evening Primroses in the Vase Flower and a Bird Geese in the meadow Haymaking near Dieppe Horse and Cow in a Meadow Landscape with cows in an Orchard Lilac bouquet Oestervold Park, Copenhagen Pere Jean’s Path Portrait of Achille Granchi Taylor Portrait of Philibert Favre Red roof by the water Self Portrait Stabble near Dieppe Still Life of Onions and Pigeons and Room Interior in Copenhagen Still Life with a Mandolin Still life with carafe and ceramic figure The Forest Edge Two vases of flowers and a fan Watering Place White House Willows Winter’s End Women bathing (Dieppe) Bathing in Front of the Port of Pont-Aven Bathing Place Bordeaux Harbour Breton Woman Clovis Coastal Landscape Cows on the Seashore Farm in Brittany Fire by the Water Four Breton Women Fruit in a Bowl Fruit Landscape at Pont-Aven Lollichon Field Lollichon’s Field and the Church of Pont-Aven Pont-Aven woman and child Pots and Boquets Red Hat Rocks and Sea Schooner and three masters Stabble near Dieppe Still Life with Cherries Still life with horse’s head Still Life with Profile of Laval Still life with white bowl Suburb under snow La Belle Angele The boss’s daughter The vase of nasturtiums Vase of Flowers Washerwomen at Pont-Aven A Litter Washerman A Seashore Around the Huts At the Pond Coastal Landscape from Martinique Huts under Trees Madame Alexandre Kohler Mango pickers (Martinique) Martinique Landscape Meadow in Martinique Palm trees on Martinique Still life with mangoes and hibiscus Tropical Conversation Tropical Landscape, Martinique Two Girls Bathing Breton Woman and Goose by the Water A little cat Apples in bowl Aven running through Pont-Aven Blue Trees Bouquet of Flowers with a Window Open to the Sea (Reverse of Hay-Making in Brittany) Breton Boy by the Aven River Breton Boys Wrestling Breton Fisherman Breton girls dancing Breton Woman with a Pitcher Breton Women at the Turn Captain Jacob Cottages on Mount Sainte Marguerite Cove opposite Pont-Aven Harbor étude pour La Ronde des petites Bretonnes Fisherman and bathers on the Aven Fruits Grape Harvest at Arles Haymaking in Brittany Head of a Breton (Marie Louarn) In the Heat (The Pigs) Kneeling cow Landscape at Arles Landscape near Arles Landscape of Brittany Landscape with geese Lane at alchamps, Arles Laveuses à Arles Les Alyscamps Little breton bather Madame Roulin Mas, near Arles Meadow at the banks of Aven Night Cafe, Arles Self-Portrait with Portrait of Gauguin, Emile Bernard Still-Life with Three Puppies The Painter of Sunflowers (Portrait of Vincent van Gogh) The Wave the swineherd brittany The Vision After The Sermon (Jacob Wrestling With The Angel) Washerwomen At Roubine Du Roi Self-portrait with Halo At the Beach At the Black Rocks Beach at Le Pouldu Bonjour Monsieur Gauguin Breton Eve Breton Women Human Misery, from the Volpini Suite In the waves (Odine) Jeune Bretonne au bord de la mer Pleasures of Brittany Portrait of Meijer de Haan by Lamplight Seated Breton Girl Self Portrait as “Christ on the Mount of Olives” The Flageolet Player On The Cliff The Green Christ or The Calvary The Ham The milkmaid Madame la Mort Meules de foin en Bretagne Nirvana (also known as Portrait of Meyer de Hasn) Portraits of Paul and Jean Schuffenecker Landscape with Black Pigs and a Crouching Tahitian atelier schuffenecker Faaturuma (Mélancolie) Orana Maria portrait of suzanne bambridge Road in Tahiti Tahitian Women on the Beach Te vahine fa'atūruma (La Boudeuse) The Loss of Virginity (The Awakening of Spring) The Man with an Axe Tiare Farani (Flowers of France) Vahine no te tiare (Woman with a Flower) Young Man with a Flower Behind His Ear The Sacred Mountain (Parahi Te Marae) Are You Jealous,?(Aha Oe Feii) Joyeusete la siesta Landscape with Blue Trees Landscape with Peacocks Mata mua - In Olden Times Nafea Faa Ipoipo (When Will You Marry,?) Parau na te Varua ino (Words of the Devil) Tahitian women under the palms Te aa no Areois (The seed of the Areoi) The morning Woman with a Mango sprit of the dead Women at the Riverside Gauguin, Mucha, & friends at Rue de la Grande Chaumière, Paris Among The Lillies Illustration in the Noa-Noa Album, Tahiti MoMA Noa Noa Suite-Delightful Land Portrait of Louis Roy Self Portrait with Palette Self Portrait Self-Portrait in a Hat Tahitian mountains Tahitian Pastorals Te Atua (The Gods) Tehamana Has Many Parents (The Ancestors Of Tehamana) Breton Peasant Women ('Paysannes bretonnes’) Christmas Night (The Blessing of the Oxen) Farm In Brittany Flowers In A Fruit Bowl Landscape in Brittany - The David Mill Lying Girl Afraid of Spirits of the Dead Mahana no Atua (Day of the Gods, Jour de Dieu) Paris in the Snow Sacred Spring The Guitar Player Upaupa Schneklud (The Player Schneklud) The Child Canoe and Tahitian Family No te aha oe Riri Portrait Of A Young Woman, Vaite (Jeanne) Goupil Savage Poems scene from tahitian life Self Portrait (Place of the Skull) self portrait Still Life With Teapot And Fruits Te Arii Vahine (The King’s Wife) Te tamari no atua (The birth of a Christ) Trois Tahitiennes, Paul Gauguin Vase Of Flowers Where Do We Come From?What Are We,?Where Are We Going,? Nevermore (O Taiti) Bathers at Tahiti The White Horse Two Tahitian Women Three Tahitian Women Against a Yellow Background three tahitians woman_boy Tahitian Woman with Evil Spirit And the Gold of Their Bodies Flight Still Life With L'Esperance Still life with sunflowers on armchair tahitian idyll Tahitian Woman And Two Children Two Women aka Mother and Daughter Crouching Tahitian Woman Girl With A Fan Nativité Still life with Parrots The Magician of Hivaoa Two women(a.k.a Flowered hair) Human Misery, from the Volpini Suite Pleasures of Brittany MoMA Noa Noa Suite-Delightful Land Lying Girl Afraid of Spirits of the Dead |
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