專題二　冠詞

冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用,，它用在名詞的前面,，幫助指明名詞的含義,。英語中的冠詞有三種：不定冠詞、定冠詞,、零冠詞,。

考點(diǎn)一　不定冠詞

不定冠詞a和an的用法

1. 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物,。

The story happened in a small town in Victoria.

這個故事發(fā)生在維多利亞的一個小鎮(zhèn)上,。

2. 表示類指或指某類中的任何一個。

A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.

病毒是一種引發(fā)疾病的微生物,。

3. 表示量指,。不定冠詞表示“一”這個數(shù)量，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈,。

I watch TV for two or three hours a day.

我一天要看兩三個小時的電視,。

4. 表示“每”，相當(dāng)于per,，用在表示價格,、速度、頻率等的短語中,。

Prices start at ￡13. 95 a yard for printed cotton.

印花棉布以每碼13. 95英鎊的價格起售,。

5. 不定冠詞用在序數(shù)詞前不表示排序，而表示“再一,，又一”,。

He missed the gold medal in the high jump，but he will get a second chance in the long jump.

他在跳高比賽中錯失了金牌,，但是在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中他還有機(jī)會,。

6. 用在形容詞的比較等級前，表示“一個更……的”,。

If we sit near the front of the bus, we'll have a better view.

如果我們坐在公共汽車的前部,，視野就會更好些。

7. 不定冠詞用于固定搭配中,。

as a result因此　　 as a rule通常

as a whole總體上 as a matter of fact事實(shí)上　

at a loss不知所措 in a hurry匆忙

in a word總之 in a sense在某種意義上

in a way在某種程度上 in a short while不久

keep an eye on照看,；留意 pay a visit to拜訪

put an end to結(jié)束 once in a while偶爾

once upon a time從前 all of a sudden突然

be on a diet節(jié)食 have a gift for在某方面有天賦

have/catch a cold感冒 make a living謀生

have/take a rest休息 give sb. a lift讓某人搭便車

[活學(xué)巧練]　單句語法填空

①[2021·河南鄭州一中六次測試]Four boys were taking ________ walk in the woods near Montignac.

②[2021·河北五個一聯(lián)盟二次聯(lián)考]As you know，science plays ________ very important role in our education.

③[2021·陜西榆林二中三模]The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students,，teachers,，and researchers use it as ________ investigative tool.

答案：①a　②a?、踑n

考點(diǎn)二　定冠詞

定冠詞the的用法

1. 用在名詞前表示特指,。

Do you know the man standing at the gate of the door?

你認(rèn)識站在門口的那個人嗎？

2. 用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的人或物,、自然現(xiàn)象,、發(fā)明物之前,。

The earth goes around the sun.

地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

[名師點(diǎn)津]　當(dāng)這些獨(dú)一無二的人或物,、自然現(xiàn)象,、發(fā)明物等之前由形容詞修飾時，用不定冠詞a或an,。例如：

We should try our best to make a better world to live in.

我們應(yīng)該盡全力創(chuàng)造一個更適合居住的世界,。

3. 用在序數(shù)詞和最高級前。

Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao?

這是你第一次游覽青島嗎,？

This is the most interesting book I have ever read.

這是我所讀過的書中最有趣的一本,。

4. 用在表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人或夫妻倆,。

The Greens are on holiday now.

格林一家(夫婦)現(xiàn)在正在度假,。

5. 用于形容詞或分詞前，表示一類人或物,。

the wounded傷員　the rich富人

6. 用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世紀(jì)幾十年代”,。

in the 1990's在20世紀(jì)90年代

7. 用在表示計量單位的名詞前,，如by the hour，by the dozen等,，但若名詞為抽象名詞則不加冠詞,，如by weight，by height等,。

I hired the car by the hour.

我按小時租車,。

8. 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前，或用在表示江,、河,、湖、海,、山脈,、群島及國家和黨派名詞前。

the Great Wall長城

the Summer Palace頤和園

the East China Sea東海

the Huai River淮河

the Jinggang Mountains井岡山

the United States of America美國

9. 定冠詞用于固定搭配中,。

in the middle of在……中間　 in the end最后

by the way順便說一下 in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處

in the way擋道 on the whole總的說來

at the same time同時 on the other hand另一方面

to tell the truth說實(shí)話 for the time being暫時

on the spot在現(xiàn)場 not in the least一點(diǎn)也不

the other day前幾天 take the place of代替

at the moment此刻,，目前 to the point中肯，切題

make the most/best of充分利用

[活學(xué)巧練]　單句語法填空

①[2021·河北百校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考]Table tennis is a fast,，demanding sport and has ________ most players of all sports in the world.

②[2021·福建莆田質(zhì)檢]Among ________“four new great inventions”,，online shopping was invented and pioneered by Michael Aldrich in the U. K. in 1979.

③He tapped her on ________ shoulder, saying“Hi！I have been looking for you for such a long time,！”

答案：①the?、趖he?、踭he

考點(diǎn)三　零冠詞

零冠詞的用法

1. 不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,，用零冠詞,。

Keeping a diary is a good habit，by which you'll make great progress.

堅持寫日記是一個可以讓你取得巨大進(jìn)步的好習(xí)慣,。

Telephones are still playing an important role in people's life.

電話在人們的生活中仍然起著重要的作用,。

2. 稱呼語及表示獨(dú)一無二的頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞作表語,、補(bǔ)足語或同位語時,，不加冠詞。

Dr Peter Spence,，headmaster of the school,，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford or Cambridge. ”

這所學(xué)校的校長彼得·斯彭思博士告訴我們說：“這里五分之一的學(xué)生都會到牛津大學(xué)或者劍橋大學(xué)繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí),?！?/span>

3. 月、季,、星期,、節(jié)假日、洲前,，三餐,、球類、慣用語前,，學(xué)科,、棋類名詞前，用零冠詞,。

in spring在春天　　　 on Sunday在星期天

play football踢足球 play chess下象棋

have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早飯/午飯/晚飯

4. as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,，如果作表語的名詞置于句首，該名詞前不用冠詞,。

Hero as/though he is,，he has some shortcomings.

盡管他是個英雄，但也有一些缺點(diǎn),。

5. 與by連用的表示交通工具,、通信工程的名詞前不用冠詞。

Are you going there by plane or by ship?

你是乘飛機(jī)還是乘船去那里,？

6. 系動詞turn(變成)后的單數(shù)名詞作表語不用冠詞,。

His brother has turned writer.

他弟弟已成為一名作家。

7. “名詞＋介詞短語”的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞前不用冠詞,。

The teacher came in,，book in hand.

老師手里拿著一本書走了進(jìn)來。

8. 高考中常見的純不可數(shù)名詞,，不能與不定冠詞連用,。這些詞有baggage，luggage,，furniture,，health，weather,，fun,，space(太空)，advice,，word(＝news),，progress，information,，luck,，wealth(財產(chǎn))等。

9. 零冠詞用于固定搭配中,。

at present目前　　　 take part in參加

in peace平靜地 by chance/accident碰巧

on purpose故意地 on second thoughts轉(zhuǎn)念間

ahead of time提前 in advance提前

by law根據(jù)法律 by mistake錯誤地

under repair處于維修中 lose heart灰心

day and night日日夜夜 from morning till night從早到晚

out of control失控 out of work失業(yè)

in danger處于危險之中 at risk有危險

10. 有無冠詞的短語的區(qū)別,。

冠詞是位于名詞之前，說明名詞所表示的人或事物的一種虛詞,，它不能離開名詞而單獨(dú)存在。語法填空題中,，重點(diǎn)考查冠詞的基本用法,，另外冠詞活用及習(xí)慣搭配是考查重點(diǎn)。

[典題試做]

單句語法填空

1. [2019·全國卷Ⅱ]When we got a call saying she was short-listed,，we thought it was ________ joke.

2. [2019·浙江卷]Everybody wears ________ same style of clothes.

3. [2018·全國卷Ⅲ]Unexpectedly,，I'm face-to-face with the gorilla，who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.

4. [2018·全國卷Ⅱ]Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years,，while rice has increased only 7 percent.

5. [2017·全國卷Ⅲ]Instead,，she is earning ￡6,500 a day as ________ model in New York.

答案：1. a　2. the　3. the　4. the　5. a

[高效演練]

Ⅰ. 單句語法填空

1. [2021·湖北鄂東南教育教學(xué)改革聯(lián)盟模擬]Produced by China Central Television(CCTV) and the Ministry of Education(MOE)，“First Class for New Semester” has become ________ mandatory viewing activity for parents and students on the first day of the fall semester.

2. [2021·浙江金麗衢十二校二次聯(lián)考]10% of life is made up of what happens to you and 90% of life is decided by how you react. What does this mean? Let us use ________ example.

3. [2021·山東師大附中五次模擬]Whether you are interested in basic communication, scholarly research,，or pursuing a career in China, standard Mandarin is ________ necessary tool for communication.

4. [2021·閩粵贛“三省十?！甭?lián)考]Jinan, the capital city of East China's Shandong Province, hosted ________ international winter swimming competition at Daming Lake Scenic Area.

5. [2021·湖北孝感二次聯(lián)考]Xu Jin was born in a medical family. Under ________ influence of his family，he chose his medical specialty without hesitation.

6. As he approached the bridge,，the sound got louder and then he saw ________ pitiful sight.

7. Recently when he took ________ look at his collection of books,，he discovered the old book borrowed 61 years ago.

8. But a parent of another child came up with ________ even better idea—getting the whole class to learn sign language along with Zejd.

答案：1. a　2. an　3. a　4. an　5. the　6. a　7. a　8. an

Ⅱ. 語法填空(冠詞專練)

When I walked down 1. ________ Third Avenue，as 2. ________ rule，I used to look into the windows of 3. ________ old shop that sold old and beautiful things. Since I often took my walk after the closing time,，I cupped my hands against 4. ________ windows to get 5. ________ small look at the treasures inside.

Some things looked as if they had not been noticed for 6. ________ long time,，but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface. I even thought they were 7. ________ most beautiful that I had ever seen. That was how I felt about old people，too. I knew their value,，and it hurt me when others missed it. I was raised by my grandmother and given 8. ________ deep sense of the value of experience. Taught to behave well,，my sister and I respected other people，regardless of their age or colour. My grandmother was loved by all 9. ________ people around her. She was known to be 10. ________ wise and kind woman,，who was able to do things well even in her last years.

Old people should be treated as fine gold. They may be gradually tarnished(失去光澤) by age,，but they can be polished with respect. You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.

答案：1. the　2. a　3. an　4. the　5. a　6. a　7. the　8. a

9. the　10. a