對于非英語母語的中國科研工作者而言,，完成研究項目以后的另一大難題就是：論文寫作。

不準(zhǔn)確的措辭,、冗長單調(diào)的句子使得文章黯然失色，精彩的研究亮點也被埋沒于平淡無奇的文字當(dāng)中。除了請專業(yè)人士潤色外，還可以將詞句表達(dá)替換成更地道,、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶懛ā?/span>

今天，筆者就把不同寫作場景的常用句型分享給大家,。

寫在前面：

首先,，要明確科研論文寫作的語言要凝練且直白，論述過程要短而快,，直奔主題,。科技文寫作應(yīng)言簡意賅,，用簡短的語句表明豐富的內(nèi)容與深刻的內(nèi)涵,，不要長篇大論地湊字?jǐn)?shù)，而是短小精悍,。

有些朋友喜歡追求寫出英語閱讀一般的「長難句」,，這是一個誤區(qū)，要知道精彩的句子并不意味著長而拗口,，對于科技文而言「微言大義」才是關(guān)鍵,。

那么，下面這兩種寫作風(fēng)格,，哪個更適合科技文寫作就一目了然了吧,？

a. Yesterday, my mother bought an apple, which is red, for me.

b. My mother bought me a red apple yesterday.

本文索引：

1. 引入研究對象——切中要害，漸入佳境

2. 描述其他研究不足——舌戰(zhàn)群儒,，唯吾獨尊

3. 闡述研究目的——有的放矢,，長風(fēng)破浪

4. 涵蓋范圍與組織架構(gòu)——張本繼末，達(dá)地知根

5. 文獻(xiàn)綜述——博采眾長,，兼聽則明

6. 描述樣本信息——追本溯源,，真憑實據(jù)

7. 數(shù)據(jù)分析——鞭辟入里，分毫析厘

8. 討論——慮周藻密,，枝葉扶疏

9. 引用他人意見——它山之石,，前車之鑒

10. 關(guān)于語態(tài)

* 以 A 和 B 泛指人名，999 泛指數(shù)字,，2020 泛指年份,，均可根據(jù)實際需要進行替代。

例：

(1) Statistical significance was ( )

a) accepted at the 999 level.

b) set at P = 999.

主句的括號中可根據(jù)需要選填 a 句或 b 句,，即 Statistical significance was accepted at the 0.05 level. 或 Statistical significance was set at P = 0.05.

1. 引入研究對象——切中要害,，漸入佳境

(1) Recent studies have explored the ( )

a) impact of ____ on ____.

b) differences/similarities between ____ and ____.

(2) Over the years, an enormous amount of research has been ( )

a) carried out in an attempt to ____.

b) conducted to determine ____.

(3) Considerable research attention has been ( )

a) paid to ____.

b) directed toward ____.

(4) A number of recent studies have ( )

a) examined/investigated ____.

b) focused/reported on ____.

c) linked ____ to ____.

d) addressed the issue of ____.

2. 描述其他研究不足——舌戰(zhàn)群儒，唯吾獨尊

There is limited research investigating ____.

There is scant evidence that ____.

To the best of our knowledge, no study has focused on ____.

Few studies have investigated the impact of ____.

Relatively little is understood about ____.

Few attempts have been made to investigate the role of ____.

Previous studies have disregarded ____.

Research on ____ has relied primarily on ____.

Previous research has largely overlooked the ( )

a) importance/significance/issue/role of ____.

b) challenges associated with ____.

c) possibility that ____.

3. 闡述研究目的——有的放矢,，長風(fēng)破浪

(1) The aim of this study/paper/article/essay/report is/was to ( )

a) address the issue of ____.

b) evaluate the effectiveness of ____.

c) identify the characteristics of ____.

d) extend this area of investigation by ____.

e) clarify the role of ____.

f) examine the variables associated with ____.

(2) This study/paper/article/essay/report was ( )

a) commissioned by ____.

b) carried out to examine ____.

c) undertaken to determine ____.

(3) In the present study, we ( )

a) describe a framework for ____.

b) propose a series of solutions for ____.

c) provide a theoretical basis for ____.

d) highlight the key differences between ____ and ____.

(4) This study/paper/article/essay/report sought to ( )

a) assess/describe/test ____.

b) shed light on ____.

c) provide detailed information on ____.

4. 涵蓋范圍與組織架構(gòu)——張本繼末,，達(dá)地知根

An in-depth analysis of ____ is not within the scope of this article.

____ lies outside the scope of the present study/paper/article/essay/report.

(1) This study/paper/article/essay/report provides an overview of ( )

a) recent developments in ____.

b) issues relating to ____.

c) the current debates about ____.

d) the effect of ____ on ____.

e) the critical factors influencing ____.

f) the basic concepts of ____.

g) current research on ____.

(2) This study/paper/article/essay/report ( )

a) is divided/organized into 999 sections/broad parts/distinct sections.

b) comprises/consists of 999 parts.

c) is comprised of 999 sections.

(3) This study/paper/article/essay/report is organized into 999 main ( )

a) parts, the first of which deals with ____.

b) parts, both of which focus on ___.

5. 文獻(xiàn)綜述——博采眾長，兼聽則明

The literature on ____ has its roots in ____.

Despite differences in ____, there are areas of agreement.

Most researchers working in the area of ____ agree on____.

Much previous work on ____ has focused on ____.

A recent line of research has focused on ____.

A widely accepted hypothesis is that ____.

While there is wide agreement that ____, views differ on ____.

Numerous scholars have ( )

a) conducted research on ____.

b) noted that ____.

c) pointed out that ____.

d) attempted to identify ____.

e) sought to understand phenomena such as ____.

f) contended that ____.

6. 描述樣本信息——追本溯源,，真憑實據(jù)

(1) Participants in this study were ( )

a) randomly selected based on ____.

b) selected from ____.

(2) For the purpose of this study, ( )

a) ____ was measured with ____.

b) ____ was classified/defined as ____.

(3) The survey included ( )

a) a variety of questions on ____.

b) a set of questions designed to ____.

c) 999 questions, split evenly between ____ and ____.

7. 數(shù)據(jù)分析——鞭辟入里,，分毫析厘

(1) Statistical significance was ( )

a) accepted at the 999 level.

b)set at P = 999.

c) determined by ____.

d) assessed by ____.

e) not achieved due to ____.

(2) Means and standard deviations ( )

a) were 999 and 999.

b) were determined through ____.

c) were obtained from ____.

d) were calculated for each ____.

e) are presented in Table 999.

8. 討論——慮周藻密，枝葉扶疏

(1) Our findings ( )

a) can be divided into 999 categories: ____.

b) can be compared to results of earlier studies that ____.

c) provide strong evidence that ____.

d) reveal that ____.

(2) The results yielded ( )

a) some interesting findings.

b) no signs of ____.

c) no significant correlation between ____ and ____.

d) no statistically significant relationships between ____ and ____.

(3) Future research will have to ( )

a) clarify/confirm/determine (whether) ____.

b) shed light on ____.

c) address ____ in more detail.

d) meet the challenge of ____.

9. 引用他人意見——它山之石,，前車之鑒

A was one of the first to define ____ as ____.

In his 2020 study, A argued that ____.

A and B have put forward the hypothesis that ____.

A’s impact on ____ has been widely examined.

Both A and B ____. However, while the former ____, the latter____.

While A’s findings indicate that ____, it has not yet been demonstrated that ____.

A number of studies ____. Specifically, A and B examined ____.

As an example of ____, consider the study of A, which ____.

10. 關(guān)于語態(tài)

英文寫作中會涉及到主動語態(tài)（active voice）和被動語態(tài)（passive voice）,，究竟應(yīng)如何選擇語態(tài)？

筆者此處將潤色編輯,、寫作指導(dǎo)老師與其他相關(guān)材料的建議加以概括：

（1）在論文寫作中,，兩種語態(tài)都是正確的,；

（2）人文社科往往關(guān)注動作發(fā)出者，而自然科學(xué)通過被動語態(tài)將注意力轉(zhuǎn)至動作本身,，同時減少使用第一人稱,；

（3）在動作發(fā)出者不夠明確時不適合使用被動語態(tài)；

（4）過多使用被動語態(tài)使句子冗長,、文章乏味,、缺少活力；

（5）語態(tài)選擇也受作者本人寫作風(fēng)格,、投稿期刊喜好和作者機構(gòu)寫作規(guī)范等影響,。

本文提供的句式主要起到拋磚引玉的作用，幫助大家寫作時進行同義替換,，使表達(dá)更加豐富,、地道，多寫多練形成自己的寫作風(fēng)格才是硬道理,。