不論古代還是近代，雕塑的創(chuàng)造都體現(xiàn)著時(shí)代的文化精神,，是人類主動(dòng)的創(chuàng)造行為,。中西方由于各自的文化、思維模式,、社會(huì)組織結(jié)構(gòu),，文化背景的不同，使各自的雕塑藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)出極大的差異,。

西方的文化形成了重視邏輯推理的思維模式,，結(jié)合古希臘的科學(xué)主義和理想主義，為雕塑藝術(shù)的典范奠定了重要基礎(chǔ),；中國(guó)的文化則形成了強(qiáng)調(diào)直觀意向的思維方式,，通過(guò)直覺(jué)來(lái)直接體驗(yàn)、感悟并把握對(duì)象,，這種思維方式超越了邏輯,、概念而更長(zhǎng)于悟性，形成了與西方注重分析,、偏于抽象的思維模式的不同文化特質(zhì),。這種文化特質(zhì)表現(xiàn)在造型藝術(shù)上，便形成了中國(guó)雕塑注重意向渾融,，注重通過(guò)意向之后的表現(xiàn),，從而也形成了中國(guó)藝術(shù)注重營(yíng)造意向的觀念。這種偏于象征,、表現(xiàn),、寫意、追求美和善統(tǒng)一的思維模式與西方注重再現(xiàn),、模仿,、寫實(shí)、追求美和真統(tǒng)一的思維模式也造成了中西傳統(tǒng)雕塑中最大的差異,。

“美”是中西雕塑的共同追求,，但“善”體現(xiàn)的是中國(guó)的“德”，是倫理性,，而“真”體現(xiàn)的是西方雕塑的科學(xué)性與知識(shí)性,?；趥惱硇缘囊螅袊?guó)的雕塑藝術(shù)很少出現(xiàn)裸體的人體雕塑,；基于寫真和科學(xué)性的要求,，西方的人像雕塑藝術(shù)自古希臘以來(lái)就以人體為主，西方的雕塑注重形體的比例,、結(jié)構(gòu),、神態(tài)、轉(zhuǎn)折,。

中國(guó)古代的雕塑在塑造人物或動(dòng)物形象時(shí),，并不刻意地去追求嚴(yán)格的比例和解剖，不去追求外在形象的精確與酷肖,，而是重視情感感受與體驗(yàn),，這種著眼點(diǎn)，不在對(duì)象與實(shí)體,，而在功能,、關(guān)系、和韻律的審美意識(shí),，更關(guān)注人物和動(dòng)物的神采和意蘊(yùn)，并加以有意的突出,、夸張或變形,，使形象更為鮮明。

西方藝術(shù)把“形”的概念融入到幾何形的類型化之中,，在哲學(xué)和科學(xué)雙重精神支持下,，從對(duì)物象模仿，而達(dá)到了在比例解剖等方面近乎完美的狀態(tài),，并為傳統(tǒng)的人體雕塑和現(xiàn)代的抽象雕塑提供了可以遵循的途徑,，以此來(lái)歸納形體的變化和運(yùn)動(dòng)。中國(guó)以把“形”的概念轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)Α吧瘛钡慕沂?，提倡“傳神寫照”,、“以形寫神”，重神輕形,，重視人物的精神面貌和性格特征的塑造,。因此，中國(guó)古代雕塑注重表現(xiàn)對(duì)象內(nèi)在氣質(zhì)的特征,，而西方傳統(tǒng)雕塑注重對(duì)外在形體的精細(xì)研究,，形成了中西雕塑意向造型與模擬造型兩種不同的方式。

Whether in ancient times or in modern times, the creation of sculpture embodies the cultural spirit of the times and is an active creative behavior of human beings. Due to the different culture, thinking mode, social organization structure and cultural background of China and the west, their sculpture art shows great differences.

The western culture has formed a thinking mode that attaches importance to logical reasoning, which, combined with the scientism and idealism of ancient Greece, has laid an important foundation for the model of sculpture art; while the Chinese culture has formed a thinking mode that emphasizes intuitive intention, which directly experiences, perceives and grasps the object through intuition. This mode of thinking transcends logic and concept and is better than comprehension, forming an important foundation for sculpture art Western countries pay attention to the different cultural characteristics of analytical and abstract thinking mode. This cultural characteristic is expressed in the plastic arts, which forms that Chinese sculpture pays attention to the integration of intention and the expression after passing the intention, thus forming the concept that Chinese art pays attention to creating intention. This kind of thinking mode which is partial to symbol, expression, freehand brushwork, and the pursuit of the unity of beauty and goodness, and the western mode of thinking which pays attention to reproduction, imitation, realism and the unity of beauty and truth also cause the biggest difference between Chinese and western traditional sculpture.

"Beauty" is the common pursuit of Chinese and Western sculptures, but "goodness" embodies Chinese "morality" and "ethics", while "truth" embodies the scientificity and knowledge of Western sculpture. Based on the ethical requirements, there are few nude human body sculptures in China's sculpture art; based on the requirements of realistic and scientific nature, the Western portrait sculpture art has been based on the human body since ancient Greece, and the Western sculpture pays attention to the proportion, structure, appearance and transition of the body.

In the process of shaping characters or animal images, ancient Chinese sculptures did not deliberately pursue strict proportion and anatomy, nor did they pursue the accuracy and rigor of external images. Instead, they attached importance to emotional feelings and experience. This focus was not on the object and entity, but on the aesthetic consciousness of function, relationship, and rhythm, and paid more attention to the charm and implication of characters and animals, and made intentional outburst Exaggeration, exaggeration or deformation make the image more vivid.

Western art integrates the concept of "form" into the type of geometric form. Under the support of philosophy and science, it imitates the object image and achieves a perfect state in the aspects of proportion and anatomy. It also provides a way for traditional human body sculpture and modern abstract sculpture to follow, so as to summarize the change and movement of body. China has changed the concept of "form" to the revelation of "spirit", advocated "portraying the spirit" and "describing the spirit with form", attached importance to the spirit rather than the form, and attached importance to the shaping of the spiritual outlook and personality characteristics of the characters. Therefore, the Chinese ancient sculpture pays attention to the characteristics of the internal temperament of the object, while the western traditional sculpture pays attention to the fine study of the external body, forming two different ways of the Chinese and Western sculpture: intentional modeling and simulation modeling.