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一、名詞性從句概述

二,、名詞性從句要點(diǎn)

1. 主語從句

1）that從句位于句首時(shí)，that不能省略,。如：

That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.

2）主語從句可放在句首,，也可放在句尾（用it作形式主語），但后一種結(jié)構(gòu)用得多一些,。如：

Whoever thought of that idea is a genius.

It’s strange that she never mentioned the wedding.

2. 賓語從句

1）當(dāng)賓語從句后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),，需要用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置,。如：

I remember I made it quite clear to you that I was not coming.

2）當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱,，且謂語為think, believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，如果賓語從句表示否定意思,，通常否定前移,，即否定主句的謂語。如：

I don’t think there’s a computer store in the town.

I don’t believe that she’s ever been to Hong Kong.

3）賓語從句亦可用作介詞或形容詞的賓語,。如：

She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.

I’m not sure when I saw her last.

4）引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that在口語中可省略,，但在下列情況中，that需保留：

a. 主,、從句之間有表示時(shí)間等的狀語時(shí)that不能省略,，否則會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。如：

She said last night that she did some reading.

b. 主,、從句之間有插入語時(shí)不可省去that,。如：

I don’t doubt, providing they play well enough, that our school team will win the match.

c. 引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)以及第二個(gè)以后的賓語從句中的that不能省略,。如：

He said he couldn’t tell you right away and that you wouldn’t understand.

3. 表語從句

1）當(dāng)主語是reason且后面的表語從句表示原因時(shí)通常用that引導(dǎo)；而當(dāng)it,，this或that作主語,，后面的表語從句表示原因時(shí)，常用because或why引導(dǎo),。如：

My reason is that the cost will be too high.

I had to catch the first train. That / This / It was why I left so early.

2）表語從句還可由as if / as though等引導(dǎo),。as if / as though引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，主句中的動(dòng)詞可用be, seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等,。如：

She looks as if / as though she had seen a ghost.

This meat tastes as if / as though it has already gone bad.

4. 同位語從句

1）同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo),，但whether, who, where等有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。如：

Tears filled her eyes at the thought that she might never see him.

I have no idea whether I should buy a car or not.

The question who goes abroad on this business tour requires consideration.

2）可接同位語從句的通常是一些表示抽象意義的名詞,，常見的有fact, idea, belief, message, news, conclusion, decision, doubt, hope, chance, thought等,。如：

You must live with the fact that you are no longer as strong as you were.

3）同位語從句有時(shí)不直接跟在它所解釋說明的名詞后面,，而是被其它成分隔開。如：

Word came from Jim that a power station would be built here soon.

三,、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞辨析

1. what與that

1）what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不僅起連接作用，而且在從句中充當(dāng)主語,、賓語,、表語、定語等,。如：

No one knows what will happen next.

What you need is a good long vacation.

Your mother’s health is not what it ought to be.

Please ask her what experience she has had.

2）that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只起連接作用,，在從句中不作任何成分。

2. whether與if

1）whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句可位于句首或句尾,，而if不能引導(dǎo)位于句首的主語從句,。如：

Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.

It doesn’t make any difference whether / if it snows or not.

2）whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句，if則不能,。如：

The question is whether it is worth doing.

The question whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.

3）whether可引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句,，if則不能。如：

Jane hesitated as to whether she should take our advice.

4）whether后可直接跟or not,，if則不能,。如：

Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?

3. whoever與whomever

在正式語體中，whomever 是whoever 的賓格形式,；在非正式語體中,，人們用whoever來代替whomever。如：

Whoever says that is a liar.

The managers may employ whoever / whomever they choose.

4. whatever與whichever

與whatever 相比,，whichever常有明確的選擇范圍,。如：

I am willing to pay whatever price you ask.

Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize.

高考鏈接

從每題所給的A,、B,、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),。

1. Without his support, we wouldn’t be ________ we are now.

A. how B. when C. where D. why

2. This is ________ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

A. how B. which C. that D. what

3. By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.

A. where B. when C. why D. how

4. Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.

A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever

5. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.

A. why B. where C. how D. when

6. She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.

A. when B. where C. whether D. what

7. The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.

A. whether B. that C. which D. what

責(zé)編 | 楊寧

審稿 | 李棟

校稿 | 呂放

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