完形填空的解題技巧

完形填空題是一種集知識(shí)和能力為一體,，立意新、要求高的綜合性語(yǔ)言測(cè)試題,。它是一種高難度的障礙性閱讀題,，此題旨在測(cè)試學(xué)生的綜合應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言能力，同時(shí)又檢測(cè)他們的分析判斷能力和連貫性思維能力,。

（一）完形填空題的題型特點(diǎn)

1. 首句完整

“完形填空”所選短文一般無(wú)標(biāo)題,，但首句通常不設(shè)空，目的是讓考生迅速進(jìn)入主題,，熟悉語(yǔ)言環(huán)境,，建立正確的思維導(dǎo)向。

2. 語(yǔ)境選擇

近幾年的高考完形填空題主要考查考生對(duì)上下文的理解,，要求考生通過(guò)語(yǔ)境來(lái)作出選擇,。“語(yǔ)境能力型”試題具有相當(dāng)難度,，因?yàn)橥晷翁羁账o的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)往往在語(yǔ)法方面都能成立,，錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某種搭配,，極具干擾和迷惑作用,。做完形填空題，需要我們立足語(yǔ)篇環(huán)境,，樹(shù)立全局觀念,，瞻前顧后，連貫思維,，從語(yǔ)境角度來(lái)選擇答案,。

3. 動(dòng)名為主

完形填空所給的選項(xiàng)一般是同一詞類(lèi)，或?qū)偻环懂?。測(cè)試點(diǎn)往往集中于某些詞類(lèi),。高考完形填空題考查動(dòng)詞（5—8個(gè)）、名詞（4—6個(gè)）,、然后是形容詞,，副詞等,。而介詞、連詞,、冠詞等虛詞則相對(duì)考得較少,。這是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的完形填空主要考察語(yǔ)境，而在通常情況下只有實(shí)詞才能較好地體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)境,。

4. 難處暗示

難選之處前后多有暗示,。這種暗示多為后面暗示前面，也就是說(shuō)前面的填空從當(dāng)時(shí)的情況來(lái)看,，或是線索不清,，或是語(yǔ)境不明，無(wú)法填出,，但只要我們繼續(xù)往下讀,，我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)此空在后面的某個(gè)地方有暗示。

5. 選材適中

近幾年來(lái)的高考完型填空題材多為具有一定故事情節(jié)的記敘文或具有一定哲理和教育意義,，夾敘夾議,，以敘為主的議論文。詞數(shù)在200-300之間,。設(shè)空距離為10個(gè)詞左右,。短文內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，邏輯性強(qiáng),，層次分明,。材料難度與高三教材相當(dāng)，所選短文的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言符合高三學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平,。

(二) 完型填空題解題步驟

1. 細(xì)讀首句,，預(yù)測(cè)主題

“完形填空”所選短文一般無(wú)標(biāo)題，但首句通常不設(shè)空,，目的是讓考生迅速進(jìn)入主題，建立正確的思維導(dǎo)向,。同時(shí)也不可忽視尾句前后呼應(yīng)的作用,。

2. 通讀全文，試選答案

根據(jù)全文大意,，以全文為背景,，把所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別套入空格所在的句子中試填，初步完形空格,。試填選項(xiàng)時(shí),，一定要注意在語(yǔ)境理解上下功夫，要抓住上下文的內(nèi)容聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系,。在閱讀全文時(shí),，不要忽略連接詞,、代詞、插入語(yǔ),、轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)等的作用,。因?yàn)檫@些詞往往是改變語(yǔ)境的關(guān)鍵詞，具有因果,、讓步,、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折,、指代,、列舉、承上啟下的特殊功能,。

如：but, yet, however, whereas, while 等表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?；besides, moreover,what is more等表示信息增加; so, so that, therefore, as a result等表示推理結(jié)果。平時(shí)練習(xí)中要注意分辨這類(lèi)詞的細(xì)微差別,，這樣才有利于保證選項(xiàng)的準(zhǔn)確性,。要弄清空格處待填的是什么詞、起何作用,，同時(shí)也要注意習(xí)慣表達(dá)法,，語(yǔ)法知識(shí)等，從而篩選出符合文意的選項(xiàng),。

4. 細(xì)讀全文,，推敲難題

有些空格在初步完形時(shí)就可以定局，可部分空格答案還不明朗,。做到這一步,，我們已能將短文中被挖去的詞“復(fù)位”了一些，對(duì)語(yǔ)境的了解更清晰,，更準(zhǔn)確了,。我們要充分利用這一有利條件，聯(lián)系上下文意,，根據(jù)常識(shí),，運(yùn)用邏輯推理，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和已選答案所提供的信息,，對(duì)候選項(xiàng)再次進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲,，縝密考慮，選出最佳答案,。若有些答案實(shí)在難以確定,，可采用“排除法”，首先排除在語(yǔ)法或內(nèi)容上明顯不符合要求的答案,，然后再比較,、定奪,。可按空格所在位置,，從詞語(yǔ)搭配,、上下文意、習(xí)慣用法,、詞義辨析和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)等方面,，耐心細(xì)致地逐項(xiàng)分析，以求對(duì)應(yīng),?？上茸x所要填詞的句子，復(fù)讀上一句,，兼顧下一句,，即“瞻前顧后”，確保答案的準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤

2019年海淀區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)

第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題,；每小題1.5分,，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意,，從每題所給的A,、B、C,、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑,。

AGame of Light and Shade

It was a sunny day. Ihad gone up and down the tower when, outside the door at the foot, a blind mancame toward me. In a moment, he disappeared up the stairs. I looked at the signthat said “To the Tower”, and decided to ___11___ him.

I caught up with himin the ticket office. There I was ___12___ to see the attendant (工作人員) selling him a ticket as if he were any other visitor. Then, withthe ticket in one hand and ___13___ the wall with the fingers of theother, the blind man reached the stairs ___14___ to the hallway.

“That man is blind.What would a blind man climb up the tower for?” I said to the attendant,expecting him to show some ___15___, but he didn’t answer.

“Not the ___16___certainly,” I said. “Perhaps he wants to ___17___.”

I bought a ticket and___18___ up the stairs. The man hadn’t gone as far as I___19___.A third of the way up the tower, I heard his ___20___. I slowed down andfollowed him at a little ___21___. He stopped from time to time. When hegot to the balcony (陽(yáng)臺(tái)), I was a dozen steps ___22___.As I reached it, I saw him at the corner of the tower.

At last, after tenminutes, I ___23___ him. “Excuse me,” I said as politely as I could,“but I am curious to know ___24___ you came up.”

He smiled. “Coming upthe stairs, you will notice how not just light but sun___25___ into thetower through the narrow windows here and there, so that you can feel the ___26___—thecool stairs suddenly become quite warm—and how up here behind the wall there is___27___, but as soon as going opposite a window you can find the sun.There is no ___28___ so good as this for feeling the difference betweenlight and shade. It is not the first time I’ve come up.”

The blind man seemedquite ___29___, just like a child who was enjoying his favorite games.He told me the truth that blind men can also find the beauty in life___30___they cannot enjoy the sights of the world.

11.A. accept B. follow

C. control D. visit

12.A. frightened B. disappointed

C. surprised D. embarrassed

13.A. touching B. climbing

C. hitting D. covering

14.A. pointing B. attaching

C. contributing D. leading

15.A. respect B. doubt

C. concern D. sympathy

16.A. view B. test

C. prize D. trick

17.A. kick B. jump

C. relax D. escape

18.A. struggled B. explored

C. wandered D. hurried

19.A. promised B. examined

C. imagined D. confirmed

20.A. steps B. words

C. secrets D. cheers

21.A. standard B. distance

C. expense D. intention

22.A. ahead B. around

C. outside D. behind

23.A. recognized B. surrounded

C. approached D. witnessed

24.A. why B. how

C. when D. whether

25.A. knocks B. pours

C. slides D. bursts

26.A. trend B. reaction

C. change D. honor

27.A. light B. space

C. mess D. shade

28.A. place B. signal

C. object D. period

29.A. nervous B. content

C. curious D. patient

30.A. unless B. because

C. once D. although

【答案】11.B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文,，作者跟隨著一位盲人登塔，盲人告訴他盡管盲人們無(wú)法享受世界上的風(fēng)景,，但他們也能找到生活里的美,。

【點(diǎn)睛】本文小題20考查了上下文狀語(yǔ)從句連詞，根據(jù)句意可知上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,，要用although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,。在完成完形填空時(shí)，我們要探究前后邏輯,，確定連接詞匯 ,；連接詞是構(gòu)成語(yǔ)篇的紐帶,，也是相關(guān)語(yǔ)句信息的結(jié)合點(diǎn),。命題人常在這些“關(guān)節(jié)”上設(shè)置題目，考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)用能力,。因此,，考生在解題時(shí),，要仔細(xì)分析，推理前后的邏輯關(guān)系,，確定最佳選項(xiàng),。

例1： She had excellent grades,__24__she always thought that something was missing.

（天津卷）

24. A. or B. so C. for D. but

析： 根據(jù)空前的excellent grades和空后的always和something was missing，可推知“她”成績(jī)雖突出,，可對(duì)生活仍不滿足,，故選擇轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，答案為D,。

例2： “Would you mind telling me when you are thinking of leaving?__40__are you going to sit in your car all day?” （全國(guó)卷II）

40. A. For B. Or C. But D. So

析：根據(jù)空前的leaving和空后的sit in your car all day,，說(shuō)明對(duì)方在詢(xún)問(wèn)并讓“我”做出選擇，從而推知答案為表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞or,。

2019年?yáng)|城區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)

第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題,；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文,，掌握其大意,，從每題所給的A、B,、C,、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng),，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑,。

Duringmy second year in high school, I got sick and missed a few days. When I ___11___, I was greeted with two essays due, three daysof math and history homework, plus several tests. ___12___ I went home from school that day exhausted, I had to stay upreally late to finish them all.

Thenext day at school, I got a rude awakening: I’d totally forgotten to preparefor the ___13___ on Romeoand Juliet, which I’d take ___14___ my lunch hour! Worsestill, I had ___15___ the in-class discussion and all the notes. Whenlunch came, I went to the English room to face my certain doom(厄運(yùn)).All I could do was try to ___16___ on the questions Ididn’t know.

Asit turned out, I didn’t know the majority of the questions. I was just about togive ___17___ when my pencil accidentally fell and broke.Standing by the blackboard sharpening my pencil, I ___18___ down and there in full view lay the answer sheet for the test! What good fortune! I can kiss good-bye toall my ___19___ offailing the test! My heart started beating, and my brain ___20___, Yes!Read over the answers—quickly! This was quickly followed by another voice, No! You’ll get caught!My mind turningback and forth, Yes! No! Yes! No! …Thiswent on for ten of the ___21___ seconds in my entirelife.

Finally,I decided to finish the test on my own, without ___22___! I was satisfied with my decision but pretty ___23___ I had failed the test.

Thenext day when I walked into the English room, my great joy of having been an ___24___ soul changed into a wave of doom as I saw mytest paper lying face down on my desk. I knew what awaited me. I stared at it afew seconds before I got up the ___25___ to turn it over.

Youcan only imagine my ___26___ when I learned that Ihad passed the test! I have never in my whole life been so happy to see my ___27___, a C-.

Mymom says the victories that ___28___ the most courage arewon within. Now I know ___29___ what she means. Now notonly can my conscience(良心) rest easy, but I don’t have to worry aboutgetting caught and meeting a sad ___30___ like Romeo and Juliet.

11. A. arrived B. returned

C. appeared D. finished

12. A. If B. Because

C. Until D. Although

13. A. lecture B. essay

C. play D. test

14. A. by B. upon

C. over D. toward

15. A. missed B. carried

C. lost D. dropped

16. A. depend B. agree

C. guess D. improve

17. A. in B. off

C. out D. away

18. A. wrote B. settled

C. calmed D. looked

19. A. boredom B. worries

C. loneliness D. tiredness

20. A. whispered B. warned

C. persuaded D. chanted

21. A. coldest B. saddest

C. longest D. fastest

22. A. suffering B. checking

C. cheating D. thinking

23. A. certain B. regretful

C. annoyed D. relieved

24. A. open B. honest

C. optimistic D. energetic

25. A. wisdom B. encouragement

C. intention D.nerve

26. A. anxiety B. shock

C. fear D. appreciation

27. A. paper B. credit

C. rate D. grade

28. A. take B. put

C. find D. gain

29. A. gradually B. exactly

C. willingly D. seemingly

30. A. film B. fact

C. ending D. love

【答案】11.B 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者由于生病缺席了課業(yè),，結(jié)果忘了準(zhǔn)備一次測(cè)試,，只能靠猜答案來(lái)做題。在考試途中作者的筆偶然摔斷了,，因此在黑板旁邊削筆時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)可以看到答案,，因此內(nèi)心掙扎要不要靠作弊來(lái)通過(guò)考試。結(jié)果作者還是誠(chéng)實(shí)地完成了測(cè)試,，本以為一定會(huì)不及格,，結(jié)果得到了C-的故事。

2019年豐臺(tái)區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)

第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題,；每小題1.5分,，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意,，從每題所給的A,、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,，選出最佳選項(xiàng),，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

“Come on, Cindy!”Darcy sounded so impatient, “We’ll be late for class.”

“Darcy, I can’t findmy ____11____.” I dropped my book bag to dig throughmy coat pockets. “My money was in it.”

“Someone took it.”Darcy said. As usual, she was quick to point away from the ____12____side of things. “Oh. I’m sure I justmisplaced it.” I hoped. Even though we were best friends, Darcy and I were justso____13____.

We rushed into class.Darcy ____14____the newsabout the theft. By last period in gym class, I was____15____ of having to say over and over again, “I’m sureI just left it at home.”

After gym, we wentinto the locker room. I was changing ____16____ I heard a gasp fromDarcy. I looked at her and found her face was white with____17____. There, at her feet, was my wallet.

“It fell out of herlocker!” Darcy pointed at Juanita, a “new girl” in our class. “She ____18____it.”

Everyone began to ____19____Juanita at once.

“Darcy caught herred-handed.”

“Report her!”

I looked over atJuanita. She picked up the wallet and held it out to me. Her hands were ____20____.“I found it in the parking lot. I was going to give it to you.”

Darcy spit the words“I’m so sure!” at her.

“Really, it’s true.”Juanita’s eyes began to fill with tears.

I ____21____for my wallet. I didn’t know what to think, ____22____ when I lookedover at Darcy, herattitude made mesick inside. I looked at Juanita. She was scared but looked____23____. I knew I held her____24____in myhands.

“I am so glad youfound it,” I smiled. “Thanks, Juanita.”

The____25____around us broke.

“Good thing she foundit,” everyone but Darcy____26____.

“If there is anymoney left in your wallet.”

“Not now. Darcy!”

“You are so naive!”

It wasn’t untilothers left there that I opened my wallet.

“It’s all here.” Icouldn’t help but feel ____27____. A folded piece of paper flutteredfrom my wallet. I opened it to see what it was.

“She just didn’t havetime to ____28____ it yet.”

“Darcy, maybe youspend too much time ____29____people.”

Darcy grabbed thenote, read it and threw it back at me. “Whatever!” she said and stomped off. Iknew that something had____30____between us.

I read the noteagain.

Cindy,

I found your wallet in the parking lot. Hope nothing is missing.

Juanita

P.S. My phone number is 55-3218. Maybe you could call me sometime.

And I did.

11.A. coat B. book

C. pen D. wallet

12.A. serious B. bright

C. funny D. opposite

13.A. close B. strange

C. different D. independent

14.A. spread B. heard

C. watched D. made

15.A. afraid B. proud

C. tired D. fond

16.A. since B. after

C. before D. when

17.A. shame B. shock

C. shyness D. sadness

18.A. got B. lost

C. stole D. brought

19.A. accuse B. comfort

C. warn D. help

20.A. rising B. waving

C. clapping D. trembling

21.A. reached B. looked

C. paid D. searched

22.A. so B. but

C. for D. or

23.A. excited B. modest

C. sincere D. pleased

24.A. reputation B. confidence

C. wealth D. regret

25.A. trust B. peace

C. balance D. tension

26.A. agreed B. promised

C. hesitated D. admitted

27.A. relaxed B. relieved

C. disappointed D. disturbed

28.A. return B. lend

C. find D. empty

29.A. persuading B. numbering

C. understanding D. transforming

30.A. left B. united

C. broken D. recovered

【答案】11.D;12. B;13. C;14. A;15. C;16. D;17. B;18. C;19. A;20. D;21. A;22. B;23. C;24.A;25. D;26. A;27. B;28. D;29. B;30. C;

【解析】本文是一篇哲理故事,。作者的錢(qián)包從新來(lái)的女孩Juanita儲(chǔ)物柜里掉出來(lái),，作者的好朋友Darcy認(rèn)為就是她偷的，而女孩說(shuō)是在停車(chē)場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的,，正要還給失主,。作者相信女孩說(shuō)的話，而Darcy堅(jiān)決不同意,，她看了女孩留在錢(qián)包里的紙條后跺腳走了,。作者感到她們之間某種東西已經(jīng)破裂了【分析】本文的作者因?yàn)閬G了一個(gè)錢(qián)包，被一個(gè)新生撿到,，為了這件事情我和Darcy有著不同的觀點(diǎn),。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】做完型填空首先要通讀全文，了解大意．一篇完形填空的文章有許多空格,，所以,，必須先通讀一至兩遍，才能大概了解文章的內(nèi)容．千萬(wàn)不要看一句,，做一句．其次要逐句分析,，前后一致．選擇答案時(shí)，要考慮整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容,，包括搭配,、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)法等．答案全部填完后,，再通讀一遍文章,，檢查是否通順流暢了，用詞得當(dāng),，意思正確．

劉凱老師介紹：

劉凱,，男，蒙古族,，黑龍江省齊齊哈爾人,。本科為哈爾濱師范大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系，碩士為華中師范大學(xué)漢語(yǔ)言文學(xué),。

北京市優(yōu)秀青年教師,，北京市級(jí)重點(diǎn)高中示范校骨干教師，多年高中一線執(zhí)教經(jīng)驗(yàn),，高三年級(jí)把關(guān)教師,，多次參與東城區(qū)模擬試題命題工作,，教學(xué)理念先進(jìn)，教學(xué)成果突出,，多篇教學(xué)論文獲市區(qū)級(jí)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。教育部課題研究員,，參與國(guó)家十二五課題計(jì)劃,，并作出突出貢獻(xiàn)，參與初中,、高中各年級(jí)區(qū)級(jí)試題的命制,，多次承擔(dān)區(qū)級(jí)和市級(jí)研究課任務(wù)。東城區(qū)及北京市科技英語(yǔ)優(yōu)秀指導(dǎo)教師,，所帶學(xué)生在各級(jí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ),、作文競(jìng)賽中多次獲獎(jiǎng)；劉凱老師將扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)基本功和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶W(xué)術(shù)思想作為教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ),，課堂上善于寓教于樂(lè),，信息量大，內(nèi)容豐富,，使學(xué)生在和諧的課堂氣氛下欣賞英語(yǔ),、享受英語(yǔ)、掌握英語(yǔ),、運(yùn)用英語(yǔ),。

曾多次參加高考閱卷工作，參與人民教育出版社,、北京教育出版社,、外研社等各類(lèi)高考教學(xué)用書(shū)的編寫(xiě)工作，有豐富的備考經(jīng)驗(yàn),。

2009-2012年期間,，多次受邀在北京廣播電臺(tái)主持英語(yǔ)高考大綱解析及英語(yǔ)新課程改革節(jié)目，兼具偶像派與實(shí)力派特點(diǎn),，教風(fēng)親切灑脫,，詼諧幽默，思維開(kāi)闊,，屢有奇思妙想,，善于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)以致用，對(duì)高考動(dòng)向把握極其準(zhǔn)確,，深受學(xué)生和家長(zhǎng)歡迎,。

美國(guó)亞利桑那大學(xué)訪問(wèn)學(xué)者，澳大利亞新蘭威爾士大學(xué)ESL研修,。尤其擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和單詞記憶法,。

2018年加州理工學(xué)院語(yǔ)言學(xué)雙學(xué)位獲得者,。講授科目有長(zhǎng)難句、翻譯,、四六級(jí)考試,、寫(xiě)作。在2014,、2015,、2016、2017四年考研中,，接受其培訓(xùn)的所有考生中有近萬(wàn)名考生取得高分,。

資深考研培訓(xùn)講師；

英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試天團(tuán)高級(jí)講師,；

雅思閱讀,、雅思寫(xiě)作培訓(xùn)主講名師；

六級(jí)考試閱卷組成員,；

深諳命題規(guī)律和解題套路,，對(duì)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)律和方法見(jiàn)解獨(dú)特。

帶給學(xué)生的不只是考分的提高,，更多的是對(duì)英語(yǔ)領(lǐng)悟和感知的突破,。純正的英音、獨(dú)到的見(jiàn)解,、睿智的思維和輕松幽默的語(yǔ)言,，為其贏得了廣大學(xué)生的認(rèn)同和喜愛(ài)。

高考志愿規(guī)劃師

生涯規(guī)劃師

國(guó)家素質(zhì)拓展師

高考政策專(zhuān)家