并不是每個人都會選擇做講師來傳授linux知識,，所以呢,，大概率上大家不需要掌握全部的命令，只需要熟記一張圖即可：

但是學(xué)徒耗費了大量的心力已經(jīng)整理好了,，值得分享給大家，當(dāng)然,，排版也很辛苦,。

m4

Macro processor.

宏處理器

mail

Utility to compose, receive, send, forward, and reply to emails.

用于撰寫，接收,，發(fā)送,，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)和回復(fù)電子郵件的工具。

mailq

Shows to list all emails queued for delivery (sendmail queue).

列出所有待發(fā)送的電子郵件（sendmail隊列）,。

mailstats

Shows current mail statistics.

顯示當(dāng)前郵件統(tǒng)計信息

mailto

Used to send mail with multimedia content in MIME format.

用于發(fā)送MIME格式的多媒體內(nèi)容的郵件

make

Utility to maintain groups of programs, recompile them if needed.

用于維護(hù)程序組的實用程序,，在需要時進(jìn)行重新編譯

makedbm

Creates an NIS (Network Information Services) database map.

創(chuàng)建NIS（網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息服務(wù)）數(shù)據(jù)庫映射

makemap

Creates database maps used by the keyed map lookups in sendmail.

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫映射，用于sendmail 命令中的關(guān)鍵字映射查詢

man

Shows manual pages for Linux commands.

顯示Linux命令的幫助文檔

manpath

Determine search path for manual pages.

確定幫助的搜索路徑

mattrib

Used to change MS-DOS file attribute flags.

用于更改MS-DOS文件屬性標(biāo)志

mbadblocks

Checks MD-DOS filesystems for bad blocks.

檢查MD-DOS文件系統(tǒng)是否存在壞區(qū)塊

mcat

Dump raw disk image.

轉(zhuǎn)儲原始磁盤映像

mcd

Used to change MS-DOS directory.

用于更改MS-DOS目錄

mcopy

Used to copy MS-DOS files from or to Unix.

用于從Unix復(fù)制MS-DOS文件或復(fù)制至Unix系統(tǒng)

md5sum

Used to check MD5 checksum for a file.

對文件進(jìn)行md5值校驗

mdel, mdeltree

Used to delete MS-DOS file. mdeltree recursively deletes MS-DOS directory and its contents.

用于刪除MS-DOS文件,。mdeltree遞歸刪除MS-DOS目錄及其內(nèi)容,。

mdir

Used to display an MS-DOS directory.

用于顯示MS-DOS目錄。

mdu

Used to display the amount of space occupied by an MS-DOS directory.

用于顯示MS-DOS目錄占用的空間量

merge

Three-way file merge. Includes all changes from file2 and file3 to file1.

三向文件合并,，將file2和file3的所有更改寫至file1

mesg

Allow/disallow osends to sedn write messages to your terminal.

設(shè)置當(dāng)前終端的寫權(quán)限,，即是否讓其他用戶向本終端發(fā)信息

metamail

For sending and showing rich text or multimedia email using MIME typing metadata.

使用MIME鍵入元數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送和顯示大量文本或多媒體電子郵件。

metasend

An interface for sending non-text mail.

用于發(fā)送非文本郵件的界面,。

mformat

Used to add an MS-DOS filesystem to a low-level formatted floppy disk.

用于將MS-DOS文件系統(tǒng)添加到低水平格式化的軟盤

mimencode

Translate to/from MIME multimedia mail encoding formats.

MIME多媒體郵件編碼格式的轉(zhuǎn)換

minfo

Display parameters of an MS-DOS filesystem.

顯示MS-DOS文件系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)

mkdir

Used to create directories.

用于創(chuàng)建目錄,。

mkdosfs

Used to create an MS-DOS filesystem under Linux.

用于在Linux下創(chuàng)建MS-DOS文件系統(tǒng)。

mke2fs

Used create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem.

使用創(chuàng)建ext2 / ext3 / ext4文件系統(tǒng),。

mkfifo

Used to create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given names.

用于創(chuàng)建具有給定名稱的命名管道（FIFO）

mkfs

Used to build a Linux filesystem on a hard disk partition.

用于在硬盤分區(qū)上構(gòu)建Linux文件系統(tǒng),。

mkfs.ext3

Same as mke2fs, create an ext3 Linux filesystem.

與mke2fs相同,，創(chuàng)建一個ext3 Linux文件系統(tǒng)。

mkisofs

Used to create an ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS hybrid filesystem.

用于創(chuàng)建ISO9660 / JOLIET / HFS混合文件系統(tǒng)

mklost+found

Create a lost+found directory on a mounted ext2 filesystem.

在已掛載的ext2文件系統(tǒng)上創(chuàng)建一個lost + found目錄。

mkmanifest

Makes a list of file names and their DOS 8.3 equivalent.

制作文件名列表及其等效的DOS 8.3

mknod

Create a FIFO, block (buffered) special file, character (unbuffered) special file with the specified name.

創(chuàng)建指定類型和名稱的特殊文件

mkraid

Used to setup RAID device arrays.

用于設(shè)置RAID設(shè)備陣列,。

mkswap

Set up a Linux swap area.

設(shè)置Linux交換區(qū)域

mktemp

Create a temporary file or directory.

創(chuàng)建臨時文件或目錄,。

mlabel

Make an MD-DOS volume label.

可設(shè)定磁碟的標(biāo)簽 (Label)

mmd

Make an MS-DOS subdirectory.

創(chuàng)建一個MS-DOS子目錄

mmount

Mount an MS-DOS disk.

掛載MS-DOS磁盤

mmove

Move or rename an MS-DOS file or subdirectory.

移動或重命名MS-DOS文件或子目錄,。

mmv

Mass move and rename files.

批量移動和重命名文件,。

modinfo

Show information about a Linux kernel module.

顯示有關(guān)Linux內(nèi)核模塊的信息。

modprobe

Add or remove modules from the Linux kernel.

從Linux內(nèi)核中添加或刪除模塊,。

more

Display content of a file page-by-page.

逐頁顯示文件內(nèi)容,。

most

Browse or page through a text file.

瀏覽或翻閱文本文件

mount

Mount a filesystem.

掛載文件系統(tǒng)。

mountd

NFS mount daemon.

NFS掛載守護(hù)程序

mpartition

Partition an MS-DOS disk.

對MS-DOS磁盤進(jìn)行分區(qū)

mpg123

Command-line mp3 player.

命令行mp3播放器

mpg321

Similar to mpg123.

與mpg123相似

mrd

Remove an MS-DOS subdirectory.

刪除MS-DOS子目錄,。

mren

Rename an existing MS-DOS file.

重命名現(xiàn)有的MS-DOS文件,。

mshowfat

Show FTA clusters allocated to a file.

顯示分配給文件的FTA簇

mt

Control magnetic tape drive operation.

控制磁帶驅(qū)動操作

mtools

Utilities to access MS-DOS disks.

用于訪問MS-DOS磁盤的實用程序

mtoolstest

Tests and displays the mtools configuration files.

測試并顯示mtools配置文件

mtr

A network diagnostic tool.

網(wǎng)絡(luò)診斷工具

mtype

Display contents of an MS-DOS file.

顯示MS-DOS文件的內(nèi)容

mv

Move/rename files or directories.

移動/重命名文件或目錄

mzip

Change protection mode and eject disk on Zip/Jaz drive.

更改保護(hù)模式并彈出Zip / Jaz驅(qū)動器上的磁盤

named

Internet domain name server.

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)域名服務(wù)器

namei

Follow a pathname until a terminal point is found.

列出一個路徑中所有的成分，包含符號連接

nameif

Name network interfaces based on MAC addresses.

根據(jù)MAC地址命名網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口

nc

Netcat utility. Arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens.

Netcat實用程序,。任意TCP和UDP連接和偵聽,。

netstat

Show network information.

顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息

newaliases

Rebuilds mail alias database.

重建郵件別名數(shù)據(jù)庫

newgrp

Log-in to a new group.

登錄新組

newusers

Update/create new users in batch.

批量更新/創(chuàng)建新用戶

nfsd

Special filesystem for controlling Linux NFS server.

用于控制Linux NFS服務(wù)器的特殊文件系統(tǒng)

nfsstat

List NFS statistics.

列出NFS統(tǒng)計信息

nice

Run a program with modified scheduling priority.

以指定的優(yōu)先級運行命令，這會影響相應(yīng)進(jìn)程的調(diào)度

nl

Show numbered line while displaying the contents of a file.

展示文件內(nèi)容時顯示行號

nm

List symbols from object files.

列出目標(biāo)文件中的符號

nohup

Run a command immune to hangups.

使命令免于掛起

notify-send

A program to send desktop notifications.

用于發(fā)送桌面通知的程序

nslookup

Used performs DNS queries. Read this article for more info.

用于查找域名服務(wù)器的程序

nsupdate

Dynamic DNS update utility.

動態(tài)DNS更新實用程序

objcopy

Copy and translate object files.

復(fù)制和翻譯目標(biāo)文件

objdump

Display information from object files.

顯示目標(biāo)文件中的信息

od

Dump files in octal and other formats.

以八進(jìn)制和其他格式轉(zhuǎn)儲文件

op

Operator access, allows system administrators to grant users access to certain root operations that require superuser privileges.

操作員訪問權(quán)限，允許系統(tǒng)管理員授予用戶對需要超級用戶權(quán)限的某些根操作的訪問權(quán)限,。

open

Open a file using its default application.

使用其默認(rèn)應(yīng)用程序打開文件

openvt

Start a program on a new virtual terminal (VT).

在新的虛擬終端（VT）上啟動程序

passwd

Change user password.

更改用戶密碼

paste

Merge lines of files. Write to standard output, TAB-separated lines consisting of sqentially correspnding lines from each file.

將文件按行合并,，寫至標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出保持行的順序不變并以TAB進(jìn)行分割

patch

Apply a patchfile (containing differences listing by diff program) to an original file.

對原始文件打補丁（包含diff程序的差異列表）

pathchk

Check if file names are valid or portable.

檢查文件名是否有效或可移植

perl

Perl 5 language interpreter.

Perl 程序語言解釋器

pgrep

List process IDs matching the specified criteria among all the running processes.

列出匹配特定條件的正在運行的進(jìn)程ID,。

pidof

Find process ID of a running program.

查找正在運行的程序的進(jìn)程ID,。

ping

Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts.

將ICMP ECHO_REQUEST發(fā)送到網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)

pinky

Lightweight finger.

finger命令的輕量級版本

pkill

Send kill signal to processes based on name and other attributes.

根據(jù)名稱和其他屬性終止進(jìn)程

pmap

Report memory map of a process.

報告進(jìn)程的內(nèi)存映射

popd

Removes directory on the head of the directory stack and takes you to the new directory on the head.

刪除目錄堆棧的目錄

portmap

Converts RPC program numbers to IP port numbers.

將RPC程序編號轉(zhuǎn)換為IP端口號

poweroff

Shuts down the machine.

關(guān)機(jī)

pppd

Point-to-point protocol daemon.

點對點協(xié)議守護(hù)程序

pr

Convert (column or paginate) text files for printing.

轉(zhuǎn)換（列或分頁）文本文件以進(jìn)行打印

praliases

Prints the current system mail aliases.

打印當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)郵件別名。

printcap

Printer capability database.

打印機(jī)功能數(shù)據(jù)庫

printenv

Show values of all or specified environment variables.

顯示所有或特定環(huán)境變量的值

printf

Show arguments formatted according to a specified format.

顯示根據(jù)指定格式設(shè)置的參數(shù)

ps

Report a snapshot of the current processes.

報告當(dāng)前進(jìn)程的快照

ptx

Produce a permuted index of file contents.

生成文件內(nèi)容的置換索引

pushd

Appends a given directory name to the head of the stack and then cd to the given directory.

將特定的目錄名稱附加到堆棧的頭部,，切換至特定目錄

pv

Monitor progress of data through a pipe.

通過管道監(jiān)控數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)度

pwck

Verify integrity of password files.

驗證密碼文件的完整性

pwconv

Creates shadow from passwd and an optionally existing shadow.

從passwd和可選的現(xiàn)有shadow文件創(chuàng)建shadow文件,。

pwd

Show current directory.

顯示當(dāng)前工作目錄。

python

quota

Shows disk usage, and space limits for a user or group. Without arguments, only shows user quotas.

顯示用戶或組的磁盤使用情況和空間限制,。沒有參數(shù)時,，只顯示用戶配額

quotacheck

Used to scan a file system for disk usage.

用于掃描文件系統(tǒng)以查找磁盤使用情況

quotactl

Make changes to disk quotas.

更改磁盤配額

quotaoff

Enable enforcement of filesystem quotas.

關(guān)閉用戶的磁盤空間的限制

quotaon

Disable enforcement of filesystem quotas.

用來開啟用戶的磁盤空間的限制

quotastats

Shows the report of quota system statistics gathered from the kernel.

顯示從內(nèi)核收集的配額系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計信息的報告

raidstart

Start/stop RAID devices.

啟動/停止RAID設(shè)備

ram

RAM disk device used to access the RAM disk in raw mode.

RAM磁盤設(shè)備，用于以原始模式訪問RAM磁盤

ramsize

Show usage information for the RAM disk.

顯示RAM磁盤的使用信息

ranlib

Generate index to the contents of an archive and store it in the archive.

生成存檔內(nèi)容的索引并將其存檔

rar

Create and manage RAR file in Linux.

在Linux中創(chuàng)建和管理RAR文件

rarpd

Respond to Reverse Address Resoultion Protocol (RARP) requests.

響應(yīng)反向地址解析協(xié)議（RARP）請求

rcp

Remote copy command to copy files between remote computers.

遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)制命令,，可在遠(yuǎn)程計算機(jī)之間復(fù)制文件

rdate

Set system date and time by fetching information from a remote machine.

通過從遠(yuǎn)程計算機(jī)獲取信息來設(shè)置系統(tǒng)日期和時間

rdev

Set or query RAM disk size, image root device, or video mode.

查詢/設(shè)置內(nèi)核映像文件的根設(shè)備,，RAM 磁盤大小或視頻模式

rdist

Remote file distribution client, maintains identical file copies over multiple hosts

遠(yuǎn)程文件分發(fā)客戶端，在多個主機(jī)上維護(hù)相同的文件副本

rdistd

Start the rdist server.

啟動rdist服務(wù)器

read

Read from a file descriptor.

從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入中讀取一行,，并把輸入行的每個字段的值指定給 shell 變量

readarray

Read lines from a file into an array variable.

將文件按行讀入數(shù)組變量

readcd

Read/write compact disks.

讀/寫光盤

readelf

Shows information about ELF (Executable and Linkable fomrat) files

顯示有關(guān)ELF（可執(zhí)行文件和可鏈接的fomrat）文件的信息,。

readlink

Display value of a symbolic link or canonical file name.

輸出符號鏈接值或權(quán)威文件名

readonly

Mark functions and variables as read-only.

將函數(shù)和變量標(biāo)記為只讀

reboot

Restart the machine.

重啟

reject

Accept/reject print jobs sent to a specified destination.

拒絕發(fā)送到指定目的地的打印作業(yè)

remsync

Synchronize remote files over email.

通過電子郵件同步遠(yuǎn)程文件

rename

Rename one or more files.

對一個或多個文件重命名

renice

Change priority of active processes.

更改活動進(jìn)程的優(yōu)先級

repquota

Report disk usage and quotas for a specified filesystem.

報告特定文件系統(tǒng)的磁盤使用情況和配額

reset

Reinitialize the terminal.

對終端再次初始化

resize2fs

Used to resize ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems.

用于調(diào)整ext2 / ext3 / ext4文件系統(tǒng)的大小

restore

Restore files from a backup created using dump.

從使用dump創(chuàng)建的備份中還原文件

return

Exit a shell function.

從shell函數(shù)中返回

rev

Show contents of a file, reversing the order of characters in every line.

顯示文件的內(nèi)容，顛倒每行中的字符順序

rexec

Remote execution client for exec server.

exec服務(wù)器的遠(yuǎn)程執(zhí)行客戶端

rexecd

Remote execution server.

遠(yuǎn)程執(zhí)行服務(wù)器

richtext

View “richtext” on an ACSII terminal.

在ACSII終端上查看“richtext”

rlogin

Used to connect a local host system with a remote host.

用來連接當(dāng)前本地主機(jī)系統(tǒng)到遠(yuǎn)端的主機(jī)系統(tǒng)

rlogind

Acts as the server for rlogin. It facilitates remote login, and authentication based on privileged port numbers from trusted hosts.

充當(dāng)rlogin的服務(wù)器,。它有助于遠(yuǎn)程登錄和基于來自可信主機(jī)的特權(quán)端口號的身份驗證

rm

Removes specified files and directories (not by default).

刪除指定的文件和目錄,，對目錄執(zhí)行命令需加額外的參數(shù)

rmail

Handle remote mail received via uucp.

處理通過uucp收到的遠(yuǎn)程郵件

rmdir

Used to remove empty directories.

用于刪除空目錄

rmmod

A program to remove modules from Linux kernel.

從Linux內(nèi)核中刪除模塊的程序

rndc

Name server control utility. Send command to a BIND DNS server over a TCP connection.

控制名稱服務(wù)器的操作，通過TCP連接將命令發(fā)送到BIND DNS服務(wù)器,。

rootflags

Show/set flags for the kernel image.

顯示/設(shè)置內(nèi)核映像的標(biāo)志

route

Show/change IP routing table.

顯示/更改IP路由表

routed

A daemon, invoked at boot time, to manage internet routing tables.

在啟動時調(diào)用的守護(hù)程序,，用于管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由表

rpcgen

An RPC protocol compiler. Parse a file written in the RPC language.

RPC協(xié)議編譯器。解析用RPC語言編寫的文件

rpcinfo

Shows RPC information. Makes an RPC call to an RPC server and reports the findings.

顯示RPC信息,。對RPC服務(wù)器進(jìn)行RPC調(diào)用并報告結(jié)果

rpm

A package manager for linux distributions. Originally developed for RedHat Linux.

Linux發(fā)行版的包管理器,，最初是為RedHat Linux開發(fā)的

rsh

Remote shell. Connects to a specified host and executes commands.

遠(yuǎn)程shell。連接到指定的主機(jī)并執(zhí)行命令,。

rshd

A daemon that acts as a server for rsh and rcp commands.

一個守護(hù)程序,，充當(dāng)rsh和rcp命令的服務(wù)器

rsync

A versitile to for copying files remotely and locally.

遠(yuǎn)程和本地在Linux / Unix系統(tǒng)中復(fù)制和同步文件和目錄的最常用命令

runlevel

Shows previous and current SysV runlevel.

顯示上一個和當(dāng)前的SysV運行級別

rup

Remote status display. Shows current system status for all or specified hosts on the local network.

遠(yuǎn)程狀態(tài)顯示。顯示本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)上所有或指定主機(jī)的當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)

ruptime

Shows uptime and login details of the machines on the local network.

顯示本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)上計算機(jī)的正常運行時間和登錄詳細(xì)信息,。

rusers

Shows the list of the users logged-in to the host or on all machines on the local network.

顯示登錄到主機(jī)或本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)上所有計算機(jī)的用戶列表,。

rusersd

The rsuerd daemon acts as a server that responds to the queries from rsuers command.

rsuerd守護(hù)程序，充當(dāng)響應(yīng)來自rsuers命令的查詢的服務(wù)器

rwall

Sends messages to all users on the local network.

將消息發(fā)送到本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的所有用戶,。

rwho

Reports who is logged-in to the hosts on the local network.

報告誰登錄到本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的主機(jī),。

rwhod

Acts as a server for rwho and ruptime commands.

充當(dāng)rwho和ruptime命令的服務(wù)器。

sane-find-scanner

Find SCSI and USB scanner and determine their device files.

查找SCSI和USB掃描儀并確定其設(shè)備文件

scanadf

Retrieve multiple images from a scanner equipped with an automatic document feeder (ADF).

從配有自動文檔進(jìn)紙器（ADF）的掃描儀中檢索多張圖像

scanimage

Read images from image aquistion devices (scanner or camera) and display on standard output in PNM (Portable aNyMap) format.

從圖像采集設(shè)備（掃描儀或相機(jī)）讀取圖像,，并以PNM（便攜式aNyMap）格式顯示在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出上

scp

Copy files between hosts on a network securely using SSH.

使用SSH安全地在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的主機(jī)之間復(fù)制文件,。

screen

A window manager that enables multiple pseudo-terminals with the help of ANSI/VT100 terminal emulation.

一個窗口管理器,，在ANSI / VT100終端仿真的幫助下啟用多個偽終端

script

Used to make a typescript of everything displayed on the screen during a terminal session.

用于記錄當(dāng)前用戶的操作記錄，默認(rèn)寫在typescript文件中

sdiff

Shows two files side-by-side and highlights the differences.

并排顯示兩個文件并對差異部分進(jìn)行高亮

sed

Stream editor for filtering and transforming text (from a file or a pipe input).

用于過濾和轉(zhuǎn)換文本的流編輯器（來自文件或管道輸入）

select

Synchronous I/O multiplexing.

同步I / O復(fù)用

sendmail

It’s a mail router or an MTA (Mail Transfer Agent). sendmail support can send a mail to one or more recepients using necessary protocols.

它是郵件路由器或MTA（郵件傳輸代理）,。sendmail支持可以使用必要的協(xié)議向一個或多個接收者發(fā)送郵件,。

sensors

Shows the current readings of all sensor chips.

顯示所有傳感器芯片的當(dāng)前讀數(shù)

seq

Displays an incremental sequence of numbers from first to last.

以指定增量從首數(shù)開始打印數(shù)字到尾數(shù)

set

Used to manipulate shell variables and functions.

用于操作shell變量和函數(shù)

setfdprm

Sets floppy disk parameters as provided by the user.

設(shè)置用戶提供的軟盤參數(shù)

setkeycodes

Load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries.

加載內(nèi)核scancode-to-keycode映射表條目

setleds

Show/change LED light settings of the keyboard.

顯示/更改鍵盤的LED燈設(shè)置

setmetamode

Define keyboard meta key handling. Without arguments, shows current meta key mode.

定義鍵盤元鍵處理。沒有參數(shù)時,，顯示當(dāng)前的元鍵模式,。

setquota

Set disk quotas for users and groups.

為用戶和組設(shè)置磁盤配額

setsid

Run a program in a new session.

在新會話中運行程序

setterm

Set terminal attributes.

設(shè)置終端屬性

sftp

Secure File Transfer program.

安全文件傳輸程序

sh

Command interpreter (shell) utility.

命令解釋器

sha1sum

Compute and check 160-bit SHA1 checksum to verify file integrity.

計算并檢查160位SHA1校驗以驗證文件完整性

shift

Shift positional parameters.

使位置參數(shù)移位

shopt

Shell options.

Shell選項。

showkey

Examines codes sent by the keyboard displays them in printable form.

檢查鍵盤發(fā)送的代碼以可打印的形式顯示它們

showmount

Shows information about NFS server mount on the host.

顯示主機(jī)上NFS服務(wù)器掛載的信息

shred

Overwrite a file to hide its content (optionally delete it), making it harder to recover it.

覆蓋文件以隱藏其內(nèi)容（可選擇刪除它）,，使其更難恢復(fù)

shutdown

Power-off the machine.

關(guān)機(jī)

size

Lists section size and the total size of a specified file.

輸出指定輸入文件各段及其總和的大小

skill

Send a signal to processes.

向進(jìn)程發(fā)送信號

slabtop

Show kernel slab cache information in real-time.

實時顯示內(nèi)核slab緩存信息

slattach

Attach a network interface to a serial line.

連接串行線路作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口

sleep

Suspend execution for a specified amount of time (in seconds).

使任務(wù)暫停特定時間（以秒為單位）

slocate

Display matches by searching filename databases. Takes ownership and file permission into consideration.

搜索文件名數(shù)據(jù)庫顯示匹配項,，將所有權(quán)和文件權(quán)限都考慮進(jìn)去

snice

Reset priority for processes.

重置進(jìn)程的優(yōu)先級。

sort

Sort lines of text files.

對文本文件按行排序

source

Run commands from a specified file.

運行來自特定文件的命令

split

Split a file into pieces of fixed size.

將文件拆分為固定大小的幾個文件

ss

Display socket statistics, similar to netstat.

顯示套接字統(tǒng)計信息,，類似于netstat

ssh

An SSH client for logging in to a remote machine. It provides encrypted communication between the hosts.

用于登錄遠(yuǎn)程計算機(jī)的SSH客戶端,。它提供主機(jī)之間的加密通信。

ssh-add

Adds private key identities to the authentication agent.

將私鑰標(biāo)識添加到身份驗證代理

ssh-agent

It holds private keys used for public key authentication.

包含用于公鑰認(rèn)證的私鑰

ssh-keygen

It generates, manages, converts authentication keys for ssh.

生成,，管理,，轉(zhuǎn)換ssh的身份驗證密鑰

ssh-keyscan

Gather ssh public keys.

收集ssh公鑰

sshd

Server for the ssh program.

ssh程序的服務(wù)器

stat

Display file or filesystem status.

顯示文件或文件系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)

statd

A daemon that listens for reboot notifications from other hosts, and manages the list of hosts to be notified when the local system reboots.

一個守護(hù)程序，用于偵聽來自其他主機(jī)的重啟通知,，并管理本地系統(tǒng)重啟要通知的主機(jī)列表,。

strace

Trace system calls and signals.

跟蹤系統(tǒng)調(diào)用和信號

strfile

Create a random access file for storing strings.

創(chuàng)建用于存儲字符串的隨機(jī)訪問文件

strings

Search a specified file and prints any printable strings with at least four characters and followed by an unprintable character.

搜索指定的文件并打印任何至少包含四個字符的可打印字符串，后跟一個不可打印的字符,。

strip

Discard symbols from object files.

丟棄目標(biāo)文件中的符號

stty

Change and print terminal line settings.

輸出或修改終端參數(shù)

su

Change user ID or become superuser.

更改用戶ID或成為超級用戶

sudo

Execute a command as superuser.

以超級用戶身份執(zhí)行命令

sum

Checksum and count the block in a file.

校驗并計算文件中的區(qū)塊

suspend

Suspend the execution of the current shell.

暫停當(dāng)前shell的執(zhí)行

swapoff

Disable devices for paging and swapping.

關(guān)閉系統(tǒng)交換分區(qū)

swapon

Enable devices for paging and swapping.

開啟系統(tǒng)交換分區(qū)

symlink

Create a symbolic link to a file.

創(chuàng)建指向文件的符號鏈接

sync

Synchronize cached writes to persistent storage.

將緩存同步到持久存儲

sysctl

Configure kernel parameters at runtime.

在運行時配置內(nèi)核參數(shù)

sysklogd

Linux system logging utilities. Provides syslogd and klogd functionalities.

Linux系統(tǒng)日志實用程序,。提供syslogd和klogd功能

syslogd

Read and log system messages to the system console and log files.

系統(tǒng)日志服務(wù)，非內(nèi)核產(chǎn)生的信息

tac

Concatenate and print files in reverse order. Opposite of cat command.

以相反的順序連接和打印文件,，與cat命令相反,。

tail

Show the last 10 lines of each specified file(s).

顯示每個特定文件的最后10行。

tailf

Follow the growth of a log file. (Deprecated command)

適合于日志文件的跟蹤（棄用命令）

talk

A two-way screen-oriented communication utility that allows two user to exchange messages simulateneously.

可視通信程序,，可將終端中的行復(fù)制到另一個用戶的行中

talkd

A remote user communication server for talk.

用于talk命令的遠(yuǎn)程用戶通信服務(wù)器

tar

GNU version of the tar archiving utility. Used to store and extract multiple files from a single archive.

tar歸檔實用程序的GNU版本,。用于存儲和提取單個存檔中的多個文件,。

taskset

Set/retrieve a process’s CPU affinity.

設(shè)置/檢索進(jìn)程的CPU關(guān)聯(lián)

tcpd

Access control utility for internet services.

Internet服務(wù)的訪問控制實用程序

tcpdump

Dump traffic on network. Displays a description of the contents of packets on a network interface that match the boolean expression.

轉(zhuǎn)儲網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量,，顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口上與布爾表達(dá)式匹配的數(shù)據(jù)包內(nèi)容的描述

tcpslice

Extract pieces of tcpdump files or merge them.

提取tcpdump文件或合并它們

tee

Read from standard input and write to standard output and files.

從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入讀取并寫入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出和文件。

telinit

Change SysV runlevel.

更改SysV運行級別

telnet

Telnet protocol user interface. Used to interact with another host using telnet.

Telnet協(xié)議用戶界面,，使用telnet與其他主機(jī)進(jìn)行交互

telnetd

A server for the telnet protocol.

用于telnet協(xié)議的服務(wù)器

test

Check file type and compare values.

檢查文件類型并比較值

tftp

User interface to the internet TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol).

Internet TFTP（普通文件傳輸協(xié)議）的用戶界面

tftpd

TFTP server.

TFTP服務(wù)器,。

time

Run programs and summarize system resource usage.

運行程序并總結(jié)系統(tǒng)資源使用情況

timeout

Execute a command with a time limit.

執(zhí)行帶有時間限制的命令。

times

Shows accumulated user and system times for the shell and it’s child processes.

顯示shell及其子進(jìn)程的累計用戶和系統(tǒng)時間

tload

Shows a graph of the current system load average to the specified tty.

以圖形化的方式輸出當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)的平均負(fù)載到指定的終端

tmpwatch

Recursively remove files and directories which haven’t been accessed for the specified period of time.

遞歸刪除在指定時間段內(nèi)未訪問的文件和目錄

top

Displays real-time view of processes running on the system.

顯示系統(tǒng)上運行的進(jìn)程的實時視圖

touch

Change file access and modification times.

更改文件訪問和修改時間

tput

Modify terminal-dependent capabilities, color, etc.

修改與終端相關(guān)的功能,，顏色等

tr

Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from standard input and display on standard output.

從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入中替換,、縮減和/或刪除字符，并將結(jié)果寫到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出

tracepath

Traces path to a network host discovering MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) along this path.

跟蹤網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)的路徑,，沿此路徑發(fā)現(xiàn)MTU（最大傳輸單元）,。

traceroute

Traces the route taken by the packets to reach the network host.

追蹤網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)包的路由途徑

trap

Trap function responds to hardware signals. It defines and creates handlers to run when the shell receives signals.

定義并創(chuàng)建在shell接收信號時運行的處理程序

troff

The troff processor of the groff text formatting system.

groff文本格式化系統(tǒng)的troff處理器

TRUE

Exit with a status code indicating success.

退出,，狀態(tài)代碼表示成功。

tset

Initialize terminal.

初始化終端,。

tsort

Perform topological sort.

執(zhí)行拓?fù)渑判?/span>

tty

Display the filename of the terminal connected to standard input.

顯示連接到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入的終端的文件名

tune2fs

Adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems.

調(diào)整/查看ext2/ext3/ext4文件系統(tǒng)的文件系統(tǒng)參數(shù)

tunelp

Set various parameters for the line printer devices.

為行式打印機(jī)設(shè)備設(shè)置各種參數(shù)

type

Write a description for a command type.

對命令類型的描述

ul

Underline text.

對文字添加下劃線

ulimit

Get and set user limits for the calling process.

獲取并設(shè)置調(diào)用進(jìn)程的用戶限制,。

umask

Set file mode creation mask.

設(shè)置文件模式創(chuàng)建掩碼

umount

Unmount specified file systems.

卸載指定的文件系統(tǒng)

unalias

Remove alias definitions for specified alias names.

刪除特定別名的別名定義

uname

Show system information.

顯示系統(tǒng)信息

uncompress

Uncompress the files compressed with the compress command.

對compress命令壓縮的文件進(jìn)行解壓縮

unexpand

Convert spaces to tabs for a specified file.

將特定文件中的空格轉(zhuǎn)換成tab

unicode_start

Put keyboard and console in Unicode mode.

將鍵盤和控制臺置于Unicode模式

unicode_stop

Revert keyboard and console from Unicode mode.

從Unicode模式恢復(fù)鍵盤和控制臺

uniq

Report or omit repeating lines.

報告或省略重復(fù)的行

units

Convert units from one scalar to another.

將單位從一個標(biāo)量轉(zhuǎn)換為另一個標(biāo)量

unrar

Extract files from a RAR archive.

從RAR存檔中提取文件

unset

Remove variable or function names.

刪除變量或函數(shù)名稱

unshar

Unpack shell archive scripts.

解壓縮shell歸檔腳本

until

Execute command until a given condition is true.

執(zhí)行命令直到給定條件為真

uptime

Tell how long the system has been running.

顯示系統(tǒng)運行時間

useradd

Create a new user or update default user information.

創(chuàng)建新用戶或更新默認(rèn)用戶信息。

userdel

Delete a user account and related files.

刪除用戶帳戶和相關(guān)文件

usermod

Modify a user account.

修改用戶帳戶

users

Show the list of active users on the machine.

顯示計算機(jī)上的活動用戶列表

usleep

Suspend execution for microsecond intervals.

暫停執(zhí)行持續(xù)微秒的間隔

uudecode

Decode a binary file.

解碼二進(jìn)制文件

uuencode

Encode a binary file.

編碼二進(jìn)制文件

uuidgen

Created a new UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) table.

創(chuàng)建一個新的UUID（通用唯一標(biāo)識符）表

vdir

Same as ls -l -b. Verbosely list directory contents.

與ls -l -b相同,，詳細(xì)列出目錄內(nèi)容

vi

A text editor utility.

文本編輯器

vidmode

Set the video mode for a kernel image. Displays current mode value without arguments. Alternative: rdev -v

設(shè)置內(nèi)核映像的視頻模式,。顯示不帶參數(shù)的當(dāng)前模式值。替代方案：rdev -v

vim

Vi Improved, a text-based editor which is a successor to vi.

升級版vi,，基于文本的編輯器

vmstat

Shows information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, disks, and CPU activity.

報告虛擬內(nèi)存的統(tǒng)計信息

volname

Returns volume name for a device formatted with an ISO-9660 filesystem. For example, CD-ROM.

返回使用ISO-9660文件系統(tǒng)格式化的設(shè)備的卷名,。例如，CD-ROM,。

w

Show who is logged-on and what they’re doing.

顯示登錄的人員以及他們正在做的事情

wait

Waits for a specified process ID(s) to terminate and returns the termination status.

等待指定的進(jìn)程ID終止并返回終止?fàn)顟B(tài)

wall

Display a message on the terminals all the users who are currently logged-in.

在終端上顯示當(dāng)前登錄的所有用戶的消息

warnquota

Send mail to the users who’ve exceeded their disk quota soft limit.

發(fā)送郵件給超出其磁盤配額軟限制的用戶

watch

Runs commands repeatedly until interrupted and shows their output and errors.

重復(fù)運行命令直到被中斷并顯示其輸出和錯誤

wc

Print newline, word, and byte count for each of the specified files.

打印每個指定文件的換行符,，字和字節(jié)個數(shù)。

wget

A non-interactive file download utility.

非交互式文件下載程序

whatis

Display one line manual page descriptions.

顯示幫助文檔的一行內(nèi)容

whereis

Locate the binary, source, and man page files for a command.

找到命令的二進(jìn)制文件,，源文件和幫助文檔

which

For a given command, lists the pathnames for the files which would be executed when the command runs.

對于給定的命令,，列出命令運行時將執(zhí)行的文件的路徑名。

while

Conditionally execute commands (while loop).

有條件地執(zhí)行命令（while循環(huán)）,。

who

Shows who is logged on.

顯示登錄的用戶,。

whoami

Displays the username tied to the current effective user ID.

顯示與當(dāng)前有效用戶ID綁定的用戶名。

whois

Looks for an object in a WHOIS database

在WHOIS數(shù)據(jù)庫中查找對象

write

Display a message on other user’s terminal.

在其他用戶的終端上顯示消息,。

xargs

Runs a command using initial arguments and then reads remaining arguments from standard input.

使用初始參數(shù)運行命令,，然后從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入中讀取剩余的參數(shù)。

xdg-open

Used to open a file or URL in an application preferred by the user.

用于在用戶青睞的應(yīng)用程序中打開文件或URL,。

xinetd

Extended internet services daemon. Works similar to inetd.

擴(kuò)展的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)守護(hù)進(jìn)程,，與inetd類似

xz

Compress/ Decompress .xz and .lzma files.

壓縮/解壓縮.xz和.lzma文件。

yacc

Yet Another Compiler Compiler, a GNU Project parser generator.

另一個編譯器編譯器,，一個GNU項目解析器生成器,。

yes

Repeatedly output a line with a specified string(s) until killed.

重復(fù)輸出具有指定字符串的行直到被終止

ypbind

A daemon that helps client processes to connect to an NIS server.

一個守護(hù)程序，可幫助客戶端進(jìn)程連接到NIS服務(wù)器,。

ypcat

Shows the NIS map (or database) for the specified MapName parameter.

在linux系統(tǒng)中用來打印出網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息服務(wù)（NIS）映射

ypinit

Sets up NIS maps on an NIS server.

在NIS服務(wù)器上設(shè)置NIS映射

ypmatch

Shows values for specified keys from an NIS map.

顯示NIS映射中特定鍵的值

yppasswd

Change NIS login password.

更改NIS登錄密碼,。

yppasswdd

Acts as a server for the yppasswd command. Receives and executes requests.

充當(dāng)yppasswd命令的服務(wù)器。接收并執(zhí)行請求,。

yppoll

Shows the ID number or version of NIS map currently used on the NIS server.

顯示當(dāng)前在NIS服務(wù)器上使用的NIS映射的ID號或版本

yppush

Forces slave NIS servers to copy updated NIS maps.

強制從屬NIS服務(wù)器復(fù)制更新的NIS映射

ypserv

A daemon activated at system startup. It looks for information in local NIS maps.

系統(tǒng)啟動時激活的守護(hù)程序,。它在本地NIS映射中查找信息

ypset

Point a client (running ypbind) to a specifc server (running ypserv).

將客戶端（運行ypbind）指向特定服務(wù)器（運行ypserv）。

yptest

Calls various functions to check the configuration of NIS services.

調(diào)用各種函數(shù)來檢查NIS服務(wù)的配置

ypwhich

Shows the hostname for NIS server or master server for a given map.

顯示給定映射的NIS服務(wù)器或主服務(wù)器的主機(jī)名

ypxfr

Transfers NIS server map from server to a local host.

將NIS服務(wù)器映射從服務(wù)器傳輸?shù)奖镜刂鳈C(jī),。

zcat

Used to compress/uncompress files. Similar to gzip

用于壓縮/解壓縮文件,。與gzip類似

zcmp

Compare compressed files.

比較壓縮文件。

zdiff

Compare compressed files line by line.

逐行比較壓縮文件,。

zdump

Displays time for the timezone mentioned.

顯示所提到的時區(qū)的時間,。

zforce

Adds .gz extension to all gzipped files.

為所有g(shù)zip壓縮文件添加.gz擴(kuò)展名,。

zgrep

Performs grep on compressed files.

對壓縮文件執(zhí)行g(shù)rep。

zic

Creates time conversion information files using the specified input files.

使用指定的輸入文件創(chuàng)建時間轉(zhuǎn)換信息文件

zip

A file compression and packaging utility.

文件壓縮和打包

zless

Displays information of a compressed file (using less command) on the terminal one screen at a time.

對壓縮文件使用less命令

zmore

Displays output of a compressed file (using more command) on the terminal one page at a time.

對壓縮文件使用more命令

znew

Recompress .z files to .gz. files.

將.z文件重新壓縮為.gz文件