并不是每個人都會選擇做講師來傳授linux知識，所以呢,，大概率上大家不需要掌握全部的命令,，只需要熟記一張圖即可：

但是學徒耗費了大量的心力已經(jīng)整理好了，值得分享給大家,，當然,，排版也很辛苦。

accept

Accept jobs to a destination, such as a printer.

接受作業(yè)到目的地,，例如打印機,。

access

Check a user’s RWX permission for a file.

檢查用戶對文件的RWX權(quán)限。

aclocal

GNU autoconf too

GNU autoconf也是

aconnect

ALSA sequencer connection manager.

ALSA音序器連接管理器,。

acpi

Show information about the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface.

顯示有關(guān)高級配置和電源接口的信息

acpi_available

Check if ACPI functionality exists on the system.

檢查系統(tǒng)上是否存在ACPI功能,。

acpid

Informs user-space programs about ACPI events.

通知用戶空間程序有關(guān)ACPI事件的信息

addr2line

Used to convert addresses into file names and line numbers.

用于將地址轉(zhuǎn)換為文件名和行號。

addresses

Formats for internet mail addresses.

格式化互聯(lián)網(wǎng)郵件地址

agetty

An alternative Linux Getty

另一種Linux Getty

alias

Create an alias for Linux commands

為Linux命令創(chuàng)建別名

alsactl

Access advanced controls for ALSA soundcard driver.

訪問ALSA聲卡驅(qū)動程序的高級控件,。

amidi

Perform read/write operation for ALSA RawMIDI ports.

執(zhí)行ALSA RawMIDI端口的讀/寫操作,。

amixer

Access CLI-based mixer for ALSA soundcard driver.

訪問基于CLI的ALSA聲卡驅(qū)動程序混音器

anacron

Used to run commands periodically.

用于定期運行命令。

aplay

Sound recorder and player for CLI.

用于CLI的錄音機和播放器

aplaymidi

CLI utility used to play MIDI files.

用于播放MIDI文件的CLI程序

apm

Show Advanced Power Management (APM) hardware info on older systems.

在舊系統(tǒng)上顯示高級電源管理（APM）硬件信息

apmd

Used to handle events reported by APM BIOS drivers.

用于處理APM BIOS驅(qū)動程序報告的事件,。

apropos

Shows the list of all man pages containing a specific keyword

顯示包含特定關(guān)鍵字的所有手冊頁的列表

apt

Advanced Package Tool, a package management system for Debian and derivatives.

高級軟件包工具,，Debian和衍生產(chǎn)品的軟件包管理系統(tǒng)

apt-get

Command-line utility to install/remove/update packages based on APT system.

用于基于APT系統(tǒng)安裝/刪除/更新軟件包的命令行程序

aptitude

Another utility to add/remove/upgrade packages based on the APT system.

基于APT系統(tǒng)添加/刪除/升級包的程序

ar

A utility to create/modify/extract from archives.

用于創(chuàng)建/修改/從檔案中提取的實用程序。

arch

Display print machine hardware name.

顯示打印機硬件名稱,。

arecord

Just like aplay, it’s a sound recorder and player for ALSA soundcard driver.

就像aplay一樣,，它是ALSA聲卡驅(qū)動程序的錄音機和播放器

arecordmidi

Record standard MIDI files.

錄制標準MIDI文件

arp

Used to make changes to the system’s ARP cache

用于更改系統(tǒng)的ARP緩存

as

A portable GNU assembler.

可移植的GNU匯編語言編譯器

aspell

An interactive spell checker utility.

交互式拼寫檢查工具。

at

Used to schedule command execution at specified date & time, reading commands from an input file.

用于在指定的日期和時間安排命令執(zhí)行,，從輸入文件中讀取命令,。

atd

Used to execute jobs queued by the at command.

用于執(zhí)行at命令排隊的作業(yè)。

atq

List a user’s pending jobs for the at command.

列出at命令的用戶待處理作業(yè),。

atrm

Delete jobs queued by the at command.

刪除at命令排隊的作業(yè),。

audiosend

Used to send an audio recording as an email.

用于將錄音作為電子郵件發(fā)送,。

aumix

An audio mixer utility.

音頻混音器

autoconf

Generate configuration scripts from a TEMPLATE-FILE and send the output to standard output.

從TEMPLATE-FILE生成配置腳本并發(fā)送到標準輸出

autoheader

Create a template header for configure.

為configure創(chuàng)建模板表頭

automake

Creates GNU standards-compliant Makefiles from template files

從模板文件創(chuàng)建符合GNU標準的Makefile

autoreconf

Update generated configuration files.

更新生成的配置文件。

autoscan

Generate a preliminary configure.in

生成初步的configure.in

autoupdate

Update a configure.in file to newer autoconf.

將configure.in文件更新為較新的autoconf,。

awk

Used to find and replace text in a file(s).

用于查找和替換文件中的文本,。

badblocks

Search a disk partition for bad sectors.

在磁盤分區(qū)中搜索壞扇區(qū)。

banner

Used to print characters as a poster.

用于將字符打印為海報

basename

Used to display filenames with directoy or suffix.

用于目錄或后綴來展示文件名

bash

GNU Bourne-Again Shell.

GNU Bourne-Again Shell

batch

Used to run commands entered on a standard input.

用于運行在標準輸入上輸入的命令,。

bc

Access the GNU bc calculator utility.

訪問GNU bc計算器實用程序,。

bg

Send processes to the background.

將進程發(fā)送到后臺。

biff

Notify about incoming mail and sender’s name on a system running comsat server.

在運行comsat服務(wù)器的系統(tǒng)上通知新郵件和發(fā)件人姓名,。

bind

Used to attach a name to a socket.

用于將名稱附加到套接字

bison

A GNU parser generator, compatible with yacc.

GNU解析器生成器,，與yacc兼容。

break

Used to exit from a loop (eg: for, while, select).

用于退出循環(huán)（例如：for,，while,，select）。

builtin

Used to run shell builtin commands, make custom functions for commands extending their functionality.

用于運行shell內(nèi)置命令,，為擴展其功能的命令創(chuàng)建自定義函數(shù),。

bzcmp

Used to call the cmp program for bzip2 compressed files.

用于為bzip2壓縮文件調(diào)用cmp程序。

bzdiff

Used to call the diff program for bzip2 compressed files.

用于調(diào)用bzip2壓縮文件的diff程序,。

bzgrep

Used to call grep for bzip2 compressed files.

用于為bzip2壓縮文件調(diào)用grep,。

bzip2

A block-sorting file compressor used to shrink given files.

使用塊排序文本壓縮算法和Huffman編碼對給定文件進行壓縮

bzless

Used to apply 'less’ (show info one page at a time) to bzip2 compressed files.

應(yīng)用于bzip2壓縮文件的less命令

bzmore

Used to apply 'more’ (an inferior version of less) to bzip2 compressed files.

應(yīng)用于bzip2壓縮文件的more命令

cal

Show calendar.

顯示日歷。

cardctl

Used to control PCMCIA sockets and select configuration schemes.

用于控制PCMCIA套接字并選擇配置方案

cardmgr

Keeps an eye on the added/removes sockets for PCMCIA devices

密切關(guān)注PCMCIA設(shè)備的添加/刪除套接字

case

Execute a command conditionally by matching a pattern.

通過匹配模式有條件地執(zhí)行命令,。

cat

Used to concatenate files and print them on the screen.

用于連接文件并在屏幕上進行輸出

cc

GNU C and C++ compiler.

GNU C和C ++編譯器

cd

Used to change directory.

用于更改目錄,。

cdda2wav

Used to rip a CD-ROM and make WAV file.

用于翻錄CD-ROM并制作WAV文件。

cdparanoia

Record audio from CD more reliably using data-verification algorithms.

使用數(shù)據(jù)驗證算法更可靠地記錄CD中的音頻,。

cdrdao

Used to write all the content specified to a file to a CD all at once.

用于將特定文件的所有內(nèi)容一次性寫入CD

cdrecord

Used to record data or audio compact discs

用于記錄數(shù)據(jù)或音頻光盤

cfdisk

Show or change the disk partition table.

顯示或更改磁盤分區(qū)表

chage

Used to change user password information.

用于更改用戶密碼信息,。

chattr

Used to change file attributes.

用于更改文件屬性。

chdir

Used to change active working directory.

用于更改活動工作目錄,。

chfn

Used to change real user name and information.

用于更改真實用戶名和信息,。

chgrp

Used to change group ownership for file.

用于更改文件的組所有權(quán)。

chkconfig

Manage execution of runlevel services.

管理運行級別服務(wù)的執(zhí)行,。

chmod

Change access permission for a file(s).

更改文件的訪問權(quán)限,。

chown

Change the owner or group for a file.

更改文件的所有者或組。

chpasswd

Update password in a batch.

批量更新密碼,。

chroot

Run a command with root privileges.

使用root權(quán)限運行命令,。

chrt

Alter process attributed in real-time.

改變進程的實時屬性

chsh

Switch login shell.

切換登錄shell

chvt

Change foreground virtual terminal.

更改前臺虛擬終端。

cksum

Perform a CRC checksum for files.

對文件執(zhí)行CRC校驗

clear

Used to clear the terminal window.

用于清除終端窗口,。

cmp

Compare two files (byte by byte).

比較兩個文件（逐字節(jié)）

col

Filter reverse (and half-reverse) line feeds from the input.

用來濾除標準輸入的反向換行符（RLF-Reverse Line Feed）和半反向換行符（HRLF-Halt RLF）,。

colcrt

Filter nroff output for CRT previewing.

過濾nroff輸出以進行CRT預(yù)覽

colrm

Remove columns from the lines of a file.

對文章進行列刪除操作

column

A utility that formats its input into columns.

將輸入格式化為列的實用程序

comm

Used to compare two sorted files line by line.

用于逐行比較兩個已排序的文件。

command

Used to execute a command with arguments ignoring shell function named command.

調(diào)用指定的指令并執(zhí)行,，命令執(zhí)行時不查詢shell函數(shù)

compress

Used to compress one or more file(s) and replacing the originals ones.

用于壓縮一個或多個文件并替換原始文件

continue

Resume the next iteration of a loop.

恢復(fù)循環(huán)的下一次迭代

cp

Copy contents of one file to another.

將一個文件的內(nèi)容復(fù)制到另一個文件

cpio

Copy files from and to archives.

從歸檔文件復(fù)制文件或復(fù)制文件到歸檔文件

cpp

GNU C language processor.

GNU C語言處理器

cron

A daemon to execute scheduled commands.

執(zhí)行預(yù)定命令守護進程

crond

Same work as cron.

與cron一樣的功能

crontab

Manage crontab files (containing schedules commands) for users.

管理用戶的crontab文件（包含schedules命令）

csplit

Split a file into sections on the basis of context lines.

根據(jù)上下文將文件拆分為多個部分

ctags

Make a list of functions and macro names defined in a programming source file.

列出編程源文件中定義的函數(shù)和宏名稱

cupsd

A scheduler for CUPS.

CUPS的調(diào)度程序,。

curl

Used to transfer data from or to a server using supported protocols.

使用支持的協(xié)議從與服務(wù)器之間進行數(shù)據(jù)交互

cut

Used to remove sections from each line of a file(s).

用于從文件的每一行中刪除特定的部分進行標準輸出

cvs

Concurrent Versions System. Used to track file versions, allow storage/retrieval of previous versions, and enables multiple users to work on the same file.

并發(fā)版本系統(tǒng),，可以跟蹤文件版本，存儲/檢索以前的版本,，以及多個用戶處理同一文件,。

date

Show system date and time.

顯示系統(tǒng)日期和時間。

dc

Desk calculator utility

臺式計算器程序

dd

Used to convert and copy a file, create disk clone, write disk headers, etc.

用于轉(zhuǎn)換和復(fù)制文件,，創(chuàng)建磁盤克隆,，寫入磁盤頭等。

ddrescue

Used to recover data from a crashed partition.

從崩潰的分區(qū)中恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)

deallocvt

Deallocates kernel memory for unused virtual consoles.

為未使用的虛擬控制臺釋放內(nèi)核內(nèi)存,。

debugfs

File system debugger for ext2/ext3/ext4

ext2 / ext3 / ext4的文件系統(tǒng)調(diào)試器

declare

Used to declare variables and assign attributes.

用于聲明變量以及對屬性賦值

depmod

Generate modules.dep and map files.

生成modules.dep和映射文件

devdump

Interactively displays the contents of device or file system ISO.

以交互方式顯示設(shè)備或文件系統(tǒng)ISO的內(nèi)容

df

Show disk usage.

顯示磁盤使用情況

diff

Used to compare files line by line.

用于逐行比較文件。

diff3

Compare three files line by line.

對三個文件逐行進行比較

dig

Domain Information Groper, a DNS lookup utility.

域信息Groper,，DNS查找程序

dir

List the contents of a directory.

列出目錄的內(nèi)容

dircolors

Set colors for 'ls’ by altering the LS_COLORS environment variable.

通過更改LS_COLORS環(huán)境變量來設(shè)置'ls'的顏色,。

dirname

Display pathname after removing the last slash and characters thereafter.

刪除最后一個斜杠和其后的字符后顯示路徑名

dirs

Show the list of remembered directories.

顯示記住的目錄列表

disable

Restrict access to a printer.

限制對打印機的訪問

dlpsh

Interactive Desktop Link Protocol (DLP) shell for PalmOS.

用于PalmOS的交互式桌面鏈接協(xié)議（DLP）shell

dmesg

Examine and control the kernel ring buffer

檢查并控制內(nèi)核環(huán)緩沖區(qū)

dnsdomainname

Show the DNS domain name of the system.

顯示系統(tǒng)的DNS域名

dnssec-keygen

Generate encrypted Secure DNS keys for a given domain name.

為給定的域名生成加密的安全DNS密鑰

dnssec-makekeyset

Produce domain key set from one or more DNS security keys generated by dnssec-keygen.

從dnssec-keygen生成的一個或多個DNS安全密鑰生成域密鑰集。

dnssec-signkey

Sign a secure DNS keyset with key signatures specified in the list of key-identifiers.

使用密鑰標識符列表中特定的密鑰簽名對安全DNS密鑰集進行簽名,。

dnssec-signzone

Sign a secure DNS zonefile with the signatures in the specified list of key-identifiers.

使用特定的鍵標識符列表中的簽名對安全的DNS區(qū)域文件進行簽名,。

doexec

Used to run an executable with an arbitrary argv list provided.

用于運行帶有任意argv列表的可執(zhí)行文件

domainname

Show or set the name of current NIS (Network Information Services) domain.

顯示或設(shè)置當前NIS（網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息服務(wù)）域名

dosfsck

Check and repair MS-DOS file systems.

檢查并修復(fù)MS-DOS文件系統(tǒng)

du

Show disk usage summary for a file(s).

顯示文件的磁盤使用情況摘要

dump

Backup utility for ext2/ext3 file systems.

用于對ext2 / ext3文件系統(tǒng)進行備份

dumpe2fs

Dump ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems.

轉(zhuǎn)儲ext2 / ext3 / ext4文件系統(tǒng)

dumpkeys

Show information about the keyboard driver’s current translation tables.

顯示有關(guān)鍵盤驅(qū)動程序當前轉(zhuǎn)換表的信息

e2fsck

Used to check ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems.

檢查ext2 / ext3 / ext4文件系統(tǒng)

e2image

Store important ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem metadata to a file.

將重要的ext2 / ext3 / ext4文件系統(tǒng)元數(shù)據(jù)存儲到文件中

e2label

Show or change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem.

顯示或更改ext2 / ext3 / ext4文件系統(tǒng)的名稱

echo

Send input string(s) to standard output i.e. display text on the screen.

將輸入字符串發(fā)送到標準輸出，即在屏幕上顯示文本,。

ed

GNU Ed – a line-oriented text editor.

面向行的文本編輯器

edquota

Used to edit filesystem quotas using a text editor, such as vi.

使用文本編輯器（如vi）編輯文件系統(tǒng)配額

egrep

Search and display text matching a pattern.

搜索并顯示與模式匹配的文本,。

eject

Eject removable media.

彈出可移動媒體。

elvtune

Used to set latency in the elevator algorithm used to schedule I/O activities for specified block devices.

設(shè)置用于為指定塊設(shè)備調(diào)度I / O活動的電梯算法中的延遲

emacs

Emacs text editor command line utility.

Emacs文本編輯器命令行程序

enable

Used to enable/disable shell builtin commands.

用于啟用/禁用shell內(nèi)置命令,。

env

Run a command in a modified environment. Show/set/delete environment variables.

在已修改的環(huán)境中運行命令,。顯示/設(shè)置/刪除環(huán)境變量。

envsubst

Substitute environment variable values in shell format strings.

在shell格式字符串中替換環(huán)境變量值

esd

Start the Enlightenment Sound Daemon (EsounD or esd). Enables multiple applications to access the same audio device simultaneously.

啟動Enlightenment Sound Daemon（EsounD或esd）,。允許多個應(yīng)用程序同時訪問同一音頻設(shè)備,。

esd-config

Manage EsounD configuration.

管理EsounD配置。

esdcat

Use EsounD to send audio data from a specified file.

使用EsounD從指定文件發(fā)送音頻數(shù)據(jù),。

esdctl

EsounD control program.

EsounD控制程序,。

esddsp

Used to reroute non-esd audio data to esd and control all the audio using esd.

用于將非esd音頻數(shù)據(jù)重新路由到esd并使用esd控制所有音頻。

esdmon

Used to copy the sound being sent to a device. Also, send it to a secondary device.

復(fù)制發(fā)送到設(shè)備的聲音并將其發(fā)送到輔助設(shè)備

esdplay

Use EsounD system to play a file.

使用EsounD系統(tǒng)播放文件,。

esdrec

Use EsounD to record audio to a specified file.

使用EsounD將音頻錄制到指定的文件,。

esdsample

Sample audio using esd.

使用esd對音頻進行采樣

etags

Used to create a list of functions and macros from a programming source file. These etags are used by emacs. For vi, use ctags.

從編程源文件創(chuàng)建函數(shù)和宏的列表，這些etags由emacs使用,，對于vi,，請使用ctags。

ethtool

Used to query and control network driver and hardware settings.

查詢和控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)驅(qū)動程序和硬件設(shè)置,。

eval

Used to evaluate multiple commands or arguments are once.

可讀取一連串的參數(shù),，然后再依參數(shù)本身的特性來執(zhí)行

ex

Interactive command

交互式命令

exec

An interactive line-based text editor.

基于行的交互式文本編輯器。

exit

Exit from the terminal.

從終端退出,。

expand

Convert tabs into spaces in a given file and show the output.

在給定文件中將tab轉(zhuǎn)換為空格并展示輸出

expect

An extension to the Tcl script, it’s used to automate interaction with other applications based on their expected output.

它是Tcl腳本的擴展,，用于根據(jù)預(yù)期輸出自動與其他應(yīng)用程序進行交互,。

export

Used to set an environment variable.

用于設(shè)置環(huán)境變量。

expr

Evaluate expressions and display them on standard output.

評估表達式并在標準輸出上顯示它們,。

factor

Display prime factors of specified integer numbers.

顯示指定整數(shù)的素數(shù)因子

FALSE

Do nothing, unsuccessfully. Exit with a status code indicating failure.

什么都不做

fc-cache

Make font information cache after scanning the directories.

掃描目錄后進行字體信息緩存,。

fc-list

Show the list of available fonts.

顯示可用字體列表。

fdformat

Do a low-level format on a floppy disk.

在軟盤上執(zhí)行低階格式化

fdisk

Make changes to the disk partition table.

更改磁盤分區(qū)表,。

fetchmail

Fetch mail from mail servers and forward it to the local mail delivery system.

從郵件服務(wù)器獲取郵件并將其轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到本地郵件傳遞系統(tǒng),。

fg

Used to send a job to the foreground.

將作業(yè)發(fā)送到前臺

fgconsole

Display the number of the current virtual console.

顯示當前虛擬控制臺的編碼

fgrep

Display lines from a file(s) that match a specified string. A variant of grep.

顯示與指定字符串匹配的文件中的行，grep的變種

file

Determine file type for a file.

確定文件類型

find

Do a file search in a directory hierarchy.

在目錄層次結(jié)構(gòu)中進行文件搜索

finger

Display user data including the information listed in .plan and *.project *in each user’s home directory.

顯示用戶數(shù)據(jù),，包括每個用戶主目錄中.plan和* .project *中列出的信息,。

fingerd

Provides a network interface for the finger program.

為finger程序提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口

flex

Generate programs that perform pattern-matching on text.

生成在文本上執(zhí)行模式匹配的程序

fmt

Used to convert text to a specified width by filling lines and removing new lines, displaying the output.

用于編排文本文件

fold

Wrap input line to fit in a specified width.

控制文件內(nèi)容輸出時所占用的屏幕寬度

for

Expand words and run commands for each one in the resultant list.

針對結(jié)果列表中的每一個元素循環(huán)運行命令

formail

Used to filter standard input into mailbox format.

用于將標準輸入過濾為郵箱格式。

format

Used to format disks.

格式化磁盤,。

free

Show free and used system memory.

顯示可用的和占用的系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存,。

fsck

Check and repair a Linux file system

檢查并修復(fù)Linux文件系統(tǒng)

ftp

File transfer protocol user interface.

文件傳輸協(xié)議用戶界面

ftpd

FTP server process.

FTP服務(wù)器進程

function

Used to define function macros.

用于定義函數(shù)宏

fuser

Find and kill a process accessing a file.

查找并終止訪問文件的進程

g++

Run the g++ compiler.

運行g(shù) ++編譯器

gawk

Used for pattern scanning and language processing. A GNU implementation of AWK language.

用于模式掃描和語言處理。AWK語言的GNU實現(xiàn)

gcc

A C and C++ compiler by GNU.

GNU的AC和C ++編譯器

gdb

A utility to debug programs and know about where it crashes.

用于調(diào)試程序并了解其崩潰位置的實用程序,。

getent

Shows entries from Name Service Switch Libraries for specified keys.

察看系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫中的相關(guān)記錄

getkeycodes

Displays the kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table.

顯示內(nèi)核scancode-to-keycode映射表

getopts

A utility to parse positional parameters.

用于解析位置參數(shù)的實用程序,。

gpasswd

Allows an administrator to change group passwords.

允許管理員更改組密碼。

gpg

Enables encryption and signing services as per the OpenPGP standard.

根據(jù)OpenPGP標準啟用加密和簽名服務(wù)

gpgsplit

Used to split an OpenPGP message into packets.

將OpenPGP消息拆分為數(shù)據(jù)包

gpgv

Used to verify OpenPGP signatures.

用于驗證OpenPGP簽名,。

gpm

It enables cut and paste functionality and a mouse server for the Linux console.

它支持剪切和粘貼功能以及Linux控制臺的鼠標服務(wù)器

gprof

Shows call graph profile data.

統(tǒng)計程序在用戶態(tài)的執(zhí)行信息

grep

Searches input files for a given pattern and displays the relevant lines.

在輸入文件中進行特定模式的搜索并顯示相關(guān)匹配的行

groff

Serves as the front-end of the groff document formatting system.

groff 文檔排版系統(tǒng)的前端

groffer

Displays groff files and man pages.

顯示groff文件和幫助文檔

groupadd

Used to add a new user group.

用于添加新用戶組,。

groupdel

Used to remove a user group.

用于刪除用戶組。

groupmod

Used to modify a group definition.

用于修改組定義,。

groups

Show the group(s) to which a user belongs.

顯示用戶所屬的組,。

grpck

Verifies the integrity of group files.

驗證組文件的完整性。

grpconv

Creates a gshadow file from a group or an already existing gshadow.

從組或已存在的gshadow創(chuàng)建gshadow文件

gs

Invokes Ghostscript, and interpreter and previewer for Adobe’s PostScript and PDF languages.

為Adobe的PostScript和PDF語言調(diào)用Ghostscript,，解釋器和預(yù)覽器

gunzip

A utility to compress/expand files.

對文件進行壓縮或解壓

gzexe

Used to compress executable files in place and have them automatically uncompress and run at a later stage.

壓縮可執(zhí)行文件并讓它們自動解壓縮并在以后運行

gzip

Same as gzip.

對文件進行壓縮或解壓

halt

Command used to halt the machine.

用于關(guān)機的命令

hash

Shows the path for the commands executed in the shell.

顯示shell中執(zhí)行的命令的路徑

hdparm

Show/configure parameters for SATA/IDE devices.

顯示/配置SATA / IDE設(shè)備的參數(shù),。

head

Shows first 10 lines from each specified file.

顯示每個指定文件的前10行。

help

Display’s help for a built-in command.

顯示內(nèi)置命令的幫助信息

hexdump

Shows specified file output in hexadecimal, octal, decimal, or ASCII format.

以十六進制,，八進制,，十進制或ASCII格式顯示指定的文件輸出。

history

Shows the command history.

顯示命令歷史記錄

host

A utility to perform DNS lookups.

執(zhí)行DNS查找的程序

hostid

Shows host’s numeric ID in hexadecimal format.

以十六進制格式顯示主機的數(shù)字ID

hostname

Display/set the hostname of the system.

顯示/設(shè)置系統(tǒng)的主機名

htdigest

Manage the user authentication file used by the Apache web server.

管理Apache Web服務(wù)器使用的用戶身份驗證文件

htop

An interactive process viewer for the command line.

用于交互式查看命令進程

hwclock

Show or configure the system’s hardware clock.

顯示或配置系統(tǒng)的硬件時鐘

iconv

Convert text file from one encoding to another.

改變文本文件的編碼格式

id

Show user and group information for a specified user.

顯示指定用戶的用戶和組信息

if

Execute a command conditionally.

有條件地執(zhí)行命令

ifconfig

Used to configure network interfaces.

獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口配置信息并對此進行修改

ifdown

Stops a network interface.

停止網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口

ifup

Starts a network interface.

啟動網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口

imapd

An IMAP (Interactive Mail Access Protocol) server daemon.

IMAP（交互式郵件訪問協(xié)議）服務(wù)器守護程序

import

Capture an X server screen and saves it as an image.

對X服務(wù)器截屏并將其另存為圖像

inetd

Extended internet services daemon, it starts the programs that provide internet services.

擴展的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)守護進程,，它啟動提供互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)的程序

info

Used to read the documentation in Info format.

用于以Info格式閱讀文檔

init

Systemd system and service manager.

linux的系統(tǒng)和服務(wù)管理器

insmod

A program that inserts a module into the Linux kernel.

在Linux內(nèi)核中插入模塊的程序

install

Used to copy files to specified locations and set attributions during the install process.

用于將文件復(fù)制到指定位置并在安裝過程中設(shè)置屬性,。

iostat

Shows statistics for CPU, I/O devices, partitions, network filesystems.

顯示CPU，I / O設(shè)備,，分區(qū),，網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件系統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)計信息

ip

Display/manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels.

顯示/操作路由，設(shè)備,，策略路由和隧道

ipcrm

Used to remove System V interprocess communication (IPC) objects and associated data structures.

用于刪除System V進程間通信（IPC）對象和關(guān)聯(lián)的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)

ipcs

Show information on IPC facilities for which calling process has read access.

報告Linux中進程間通信設(shè)施的狀態(tài)

iptables

Administration tool for IPv4 packet filtering and NAT.

用于IPv4數(shù)據(jù)包過濾和NAT的管理工具

iptables-restore

Used to restore IP tables from data specified in the input or a file.

用于從輸入或文件中指定的數(shù)據(jù)還原IP表

iptables-save

Used to dump IP table contents to standard output.

用于將IP表內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)儲到標準輸出

isodump

A utility that shows the content iso9660 images to verify the integrity of directory contents.

顯示內(nèi)容iso9660映像以驗證目錄內(nèi)容完整性的實用程序

isoinfo

A utility to perform directory like listings of iso9660 images.

以目錄的形式列出iso9660 鏡像文件的內(nèi)容

isosize

Show the length of an iso9660 filesystem contained in a specified file.

顯示指定文件中包含的iso9660文件系統(tǒng)大小

isovfy

Verifies the integrity of an iso9660 image.

驗證iso9660映像的完整性

ispell

A CLI-based spell-check utility.

基于CLI的拼寫檢查實用程序

jobs

Show the list of active jobs and their status.

顯示活動作業(yè)列表及其狀態(tài)

join

For each pair of input lines, join them using a command field and display on standard output.

對于每對輸入行內(nèi)容,，使用命令字段連接它們并在標準輸出上顯示

kbd_mode

Set a keyboard mode. Without arguments, shows the current keyboard mode.

設(shè)置鍵盤模式。沒有參數(shù)時,，顯示當前的鍵盤模式,。

kbdrate

Reset keyboard repeat rate and delay time.

重置鍵盤重復(fù)率和延遲時間

kill

Send a kill (termination) signal to one more processes.

終止進程

killall

Kills a process(es) running a specified command.

殺死運行指定命令的進程

killall5

A SystemV killall command. Kills all the processes excluding the ones which it depends on.

終止除了內(nèi)核線程和它自己的會話中的進程外的所有進程

klogd

Control and prioritize the kernel messages to be displayed on the console, and log them through syslogd.

控制并優(yōu)先顯示需要在控制臺上顯示的內(nèi)核消息,，并通過syslogd進行記錄。

kudzu

Used to detect new and enhanced hardware by comparing it with existing database. Only for RHEL and derivates.

通過將其與現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)庫進行比較來檢測新硬件和增強硬件,。僅適用于RHEL及其衍生,。

last

Shows a list of recent logins on the system by fetching data from /var/log/wtmp file.

通過從/ var / log / wtmp文件中獲取數(shù)據(jù)，顯示系統(tǒng)上最近登錄的列表,。

lastb

Shows the list of bad login attempts by fetching data from */var/log/btmp *file.

通過從* / var / log / btmp *文件中獲取數(shù)據(jù)來顯示錯誤登錄嘗試的列表,。

lastlog

Displays information about the most recent login of all users or a specified user.

顯示所有用戶或指定用戶的最新登錄信息

ld

The Unix linker, it combines archives and object files. It then puts them into one output file, resolving external references.

組合對象文件、歸檔文件并導(dǎo)入文件到一個輸出對象文件,，同時解析外部引用

ldconfig

Configure dynamic linker run-time bindings

配置動態(tài)鏈接運行時綁定

ldd

Shows shared object dependencies.

顯示共享對象依賴項

less

Displays contents of a file one page at a time. It’s advanced than morecommand.

一次顯示一頁文件的內(nèi)容,，比more命令好用些

lesskey

Used to specify key bindings for less command.

用于為less命令指定鍵綁定

let

Used to perform integer artithmetic on shell variables.

用于對shell變量執(zhí)行整數(shù)運算

lftp

An FTP utility with extra features.

具有額外功能的FTP實用程序

lftpget

Uses lftop to retrieve HTTP, FTP, and other protocol URLs supported by lftp.

使用lftop檢索lftp支持的HTTP，F(xiàn)TP和其他協(xié)議URL

link

Create links between two files. Similar to ln command.

在兩個文件之間創(chuàng)建鏈接,。與ln命令類似,。

ln

Create links between files. Links can be hard (two names for the same file) or soft (a shortcut of the first file).

在文件之間創(chuàng)建鏈接。鏈接可以是硬（同一文件的兩個名稱）或軟（第一個文件的快捷方式）,。

loadkeys

Load keyboard translation tables.

加載鍵盤轉(zhuǎn)換表,。

local

Used to create function variables.

用于創(chuàng)建函數(shù)變量,。

locale

Shows information about current or all locales.

顯示有關(guān)當前或所有語言環(huán)境的信息,。

locate

Used to find files by their name.

用于按名稱查找文件。

lockfile

Create semaphore file(s) which can be used to limit access to a file.

創(chuàng)建可用于限制對文件的訪問的信號量文件

logger

Make entries in the system log.

在系統(tǒng)日志中進行記錄

login

Create a new session on the system.

在系統(tǒng)上創(chuàng)建一個新會話,。

logname

Shows the login name of the current user.

顯示當前用戶的登錄名,。

logout

Performs the logout operation by making changes to the utmp and wtmp files.

通過更改utmp和wtmp文件來執(zhí)行注銷操作

logrotate

Used for automatic rotation, compression, removal, and mailing of system log files.

用于自動輪換，壓縮,，刪除和郵件的系統(tǒng)日志文件

look

Shows any lines in a file containing a given string in the beginning.

在開頭顯示包含給定字符串的文件中的所有行,。

losetup

Set up and control loop devices.

設(shè)置和控制循環(huán)設(shè)備。

lpadmin

Used to configure printer and class queues provided by CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System).

用于配置CUPS（通用UNIX打印系統(tǒng)）提供的打印機和類隊列

lpc

Line printer control program, it provides limited control over CUPS printer and class queues.

行式打印機控制程序,，它對CUPS打印機和類隊列提供有限的控制,。

lpinfo

Shows the list of avaiable devices and drivers known to the CUPS server.

顯示CUPS服務(wù)器已知的可用設(shè)備和驅(qū)動程序列表

lpmove

Move on or more printing jobs to a new destination.

將打印作業(yè)或更多打印作業(yè)移至新目標

lpq

Shows current print queue status for a specified printer.

顯示特定打印機的當前打印隊列狀態(tài)

lpr

Used to submit files for printing.

用于提交要打印的文件。

lprint

Used to print a file.

用于打印文件,。

lprintd

Used to abort a print job.

用于中止打印作業(yè),。

lprintq

List the print queue.

列出打印隊列。

lprm

Cancel print jobs.

取消打印作業(yè),。

lpstat

Displays status information about current classes, jobs, and printers.

顯示當前類,，作業(yè)和打印機的狀態(tài)信息。

ls

Shows the list of files in the current directory.

顯示當前目錄中的文件列表,。

lsattr

Shows file attributes on a Linux ext2 file system.

在Linux ext2文件系統(tǒng)上顯示文件屬性,。

lsblk

Lists information about all available or the specified block devices.

列出所有可用或指定區(qū)塊設(shè)備的信息。

lsmod

Show the status of modules in the Linux kernel.

顯示Linux內(nèi)核中模塊的狀態(tài),。

lsof

List open files.

列出打開的文件,。

lspci

List all PCI devices.

列出所有PCI設(shè)備,。

lsusb

List USB devices.

列出USB設(shè)備。