之前陸陸續(xù)續(xù)分享了一些英文發(fā)音tips,今天我們來探討一下弱央元音——Schwa,。
不錯,,它就是人見人愛花見花開、頻刷存在感的國際音標( IPA
)中的元音 [?],。據(jù)說,,征服它能讓你的口語飛起來~
本文所有舉例都以國際音標為基礎(chǔ)
首先看下來自Wikipedia的解釋
In linguistics, specifically phonetics and phonology, schwa
(/?wɑ?/, rarely /?w??/ or /?vɑ?/) (sometimes spelled shwa)
is the mid
central vowel sound (rounded
or unrounded) in the middle of the vowel chart, denoted by the IPA
symbol ?, or another vowel sound close to that
position.
An example in English is the vowel sound of the 'a' in the word
about. Schwa
in English is mainly found in unstressed
positions, but
in some other languages it occurs more frequently as a stressed
vowel.
那么在英文發(fā)音中,schwa又扮演著怎樣的角色呢,?
In English, schwa is the most common vowel sound. It
is a
reduced vowel in many unstressed
syllables especially
if syllabic consonants are not
used.
弱央元音Schwa是英文發(fā)音中最常見的元音,,常出現(xiàn)在(多音節(jié)單詞的)非重讀音節(jié)里。
來自牛津高階的解釋
在《The
Study of Language》一書中也有提到:
In fact, in casual speech, we all use schwa more than any other
single sound. It is
the unstresssed vowel in the everyday use of
words like afford,
collapse,
oven,
photograph
and in the common
words a and the.
在英文書寫中,,Schwa可能以下述各種形式出現(xiàn)~
-
'a', as
in about [??ba?t]
-
'e', as
in taken [?te?k?n]
-
'i', as
in pencil [?pens?l]
-
'o', as
in memory [?mem?ri]
-
'u', as
in supply [s??pla?]
-
'y', as
in sibyl [?s?b?l]
-
various combinations of letters, such as 'ai'
in mountain [?ma?nt?n]
-
unwritten, as
in rhythm [?r?e?m]
這個小小的音標真是不簡單,,竟然還有專屬的名字!
小結(jié):
【Schwa [?]的小標簽】 #非重讀,,#最常見,,#央元音
發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中的Schwa
發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中的Schwa
I like a cup of
coffee in the morning.
Could you get
me a packet of
biscuits?
Can
you give it to me?
I want to come
but
I can't.
I did it because
he told me to.
He is
not allowed
to stay
out late.
She's my sister.
我們會發(fā)現(xiàn), [?]多出現(xiàn)在多音節(jié)單詞的非重讀音節(jié)里,,或是出現(xiàn)在句子中非重讀的單音節(jié)詞里,。
讓Schwa帶你飛
不知你可曾遇到過這樣的情況:英文聽力過程中存有疑惑的部分,在給出聽力原文后恍然大悟,原來是這兩個單詞啊,。和老外交流時,,很簡單的一句日常用語,卻聽得一臉懵逼,。Heavens!
這都是連讀,、弱讀什么的在搞鬼!脫離英文的原生環(huán)境,,我們在教科書上所能習(xí)得的通常是標準的單詞發(fā)音,,很容易忽視口語表達中常用的弱讀式發(fā)音。換言之,,我們誰也不會在和朋友聊天時像念教科書般一字一頓地說母語,,不是嗎?
仔細留意,,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)在英文口語中弱讀現(xiàn)象十分常見,。不熟悉弱讀,很容易造成非母語學(xué)習(xí)者聽力理解上的困難,;同樣,,若把握不好弱讀,通常會使你的口語聽起來不那么地道,,表達不夠流暢,,缺乏英文獨特的節(jié)奏感。
在上述例句中,,出現(xiàn)了不定冠詞a,,定冠詞the,介詞of和to,,情態(tài)動詞can等虛詞的弱讀式,。如圖:
口語表達是否地道,離不開介詞,、連詞,、冠詞等這些小詞的巧妙使用,此處并非指短語搭配,,而是適當?shù)厝踝x虛詞或句子中不做強調(diào)的單詞,,形成地道的語流與節(jié)奏。
說到弱讀,,不得不提Schwa—— [?]在弱讀現(xiàn)象中扮演著極為重要的角色,。在英文發(fā)音中,虛詞往往弱讀,,其中元音音節(jié)常弱化為[?],。例如:because [b??k?z]; for [f?(r)];
must [m?st];
shall [??l];
from[fr?m]等,。當然,虛詞在語境中需要特別強調(diào)時應(yīng)強讀,。
許多虛詞有多個弱讀形式,,例如:and[?nd]可以弱讀為[?nd],或是[?n],,或是[n],;do[du:]可以弱讀為[d?]或[du];
had[h?d]可以弱讀為 [h?d]或 [?d]。
那么,,每逢have to,,你還在一成不變地“have 兔~~~”嗎
下面再來一組例句,