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一,、英語虛擬語氣的基本概念 英語有三種語氣,，即陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣,。陳述語氣用于陳述事實(shí),、提出看法或問題等，祈使語氣用于表示請(qǐng)求,、命令或警告等,，虛擬語氣則表示假想或主觀愿望： He was nice to us. 他對(duì)我們很友好。(陳述語氣) Don't be in such a hurry.不要如此匆忙,。 (祈使語氣) It is important that he work hard. 他用功是很重要的,。(虛擬語氣) If he had apologized，you should have done so too. 如果他道歉了,，你也應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)狼浮?/font>(虛擬語氣) 二,、英語虛擬語氣的基本類型 1. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were),，主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”,。如： If she were trying harder, her parents wouldn’t be so anxious. 如果她現(xiàn)在更用功些，她的父母也不會(huì)這么憂慮了,。(可惜他并不用功) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的電話號(hào)碼,，我就可以給她打電話了。(可惜我不知道) 2. 與過去事實(shí)相反 若與過去事實(shí)相反,，條件從句的謂語用過去完成時(shí)(had+過去分詞),，主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+have+過去分詞”。如： If I’d seen you, I'd have said hello. 如果我看見你了,，我會(huì)和你打招呼的,。(不巧我沒看見你) If they had invited him to the party, he would have attended it. 如果他們邀請(qǐng)了他參加晚會(huì)，他是會(huì)參加的,。(但他們沒邀請(qǐng)他) 3. 與將來事實(shí)相反 若與將來事實(shí)相反,，條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were),，主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”。如： If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你將來成功了,，一切都會(huì)好的,。（但你還沒有成功） If I asked him, I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他會(huì)幫助我們,。(不過我不打算這樣做) |
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