引言
i.隨機臨床試驗之I級依據(jù):2015年9月23日,脊柱甘露語林發(fā)布「胸腰椎爆裂骨折新視點:早期不帶支具下地亦不影響療效」,,加拿大西安大略大學倫敦醫(yī)療科學中心骨外科之學者所行之多中心前瞻性隨機臨床試驗研究,,提示胸腰段粉碎骨折早期下地、不帶支具,,既經(jīng)濟又不影響療效 ii.長期隨訪研究依據(jù):2016年4月26日,,脊柱甘露語林發(fā)布「BJJ-胸腰椎爆裂骨折自然史:早期活動不影響工作生活」,英國Oswestry脊柱外科中心之學者,,進行之長期隨訪研究,,提示無神經(jīng)癥狀之胸腰椎爆裂骨折,不手術(shù),、早期活動,,自然恢復(fù)效果良好
脊柱骨折之理念回顧
Denis脊柱三柱之念
AO分類
AO分類之三種基本類型:A為前柱之壓縮;B兩柱損傷,,后方或前方橫向損傷,;C兩柱損傷并旋轉(zhuǎn)圖片源于文獻[3]開放獲取之文
AO分類之修訂版
脊柱骨折之應(yīng)力分擔分類
TLICS之胸腰椎損傷分類與嚴重度評分
TLICS之骨折損傷形態(tài):A壓縮 B旋轉(zhuǎn)/移位 C牽張
小結(jié) 以要言之,,西醫(yī)學界自1930年,不斷探索脊柱骨折,,尤其是胸椎與腰椎之分型,;仁者見仁,智者見智,;無論何種分型,,皆歸于整體而客觀評估損傷之嚴重度,以及指導(dǎo)后續(xù)治療,。 胸椎腰椎爆裂骨折——椎管內(nèi)骨塊之自然吸收
Chakera等之典型病例1 1983年12月,,一名 29歲傷者,,神經(jīng)功能完全損害:Frankel分級A——全癱;予以過伸枕墊于脊柱傷處下方和留置導(dǎo)尿,;1周后出現(xiàn)深靜脈血栓栓塞和肺栓塞,,予以抗凝治療;6周后保護下拄拐逐漸下地活動,,住院11周,; CT示胸12爆裂骨折,椎管內(nèi)骨塊幾乎完全壓迫 1986年4月——傷后28個月,,再行CT示:椎管內(nèi)骨塊自行吸收,、椎管重塑可觀;神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù)至Frankel分級D級 Chakera等之典型病例2 1985年7月,,一名16歲男傷者,,雙下肢肌力感覺減退,大小便正常,,腰2骨折,,椎管內(nèi)骨塊壓迫明顯,神經(jīng)功能為Frankel D級,;以過伸枕保持過伸3周,,再1周后保護下下地活動 1986年3月——傷后9個月,椎管內(nèi)骨塊吸收明顯,,椎管重塑,,亦復(fù)如是;神經(jīng)功能亦完全恢復(fù),,Frankel E級
典型病例1:損傷時之側(cè)位片與CT:腰1壓縮爆裂骨折,,骨塊凸入椎管,,椎管前后徑降低55% 典型病例1:傷后14個月之后續(xù)CT 左:骨塊吸收與椎管重建開始,;中和右:傷后33個月,,兩個相鄰平面之薄層CT:椎管重建,椎管恢復(fù)至75% 典型病例2 損傷時之側(cè)位片與CT,;腰2壓縮爆裂骨折,,椎管內(nèi)骨塊壓迫,前后徑減少至40% 典型病例2 后續(xù)跟蹤:2年半后,腰2楔形變增加,,椎管內(nèi)骨塊吸收,,椎管重建,恢復(fù)至正常之75%
典型病例 33歲男傷者,左圖:腰2爆裂骨折,,傷后6小時之CT,;右圖:傷后28個月,椎管最窄平面之CT
結(jié)語
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