“This project exemplifies what it means to pay close attention to the regional environment from water use to plant selection and climate response. It reflects a deep respect for the place and its inherent beauty, a raw elegance that is emphasized through the design’s forms, materials, and textures. The use of shadows, textures, and subtle colors enhances the inherent beauty of the large landscape. The awesome landscape gives a sense of place to the architecture.”– 2014 Awards Jury

這個(gè)工程案例意味著從水資源利用到植被的選擇和氣候響應(yīng),，更加關(guān)注周圍的環(huán)境。這些很大程度上反映了對這片地區(qū)和原有風(fēng)貌的尊重,，通過設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思的形式,、材料、質(zhì)地突出了一種純樸自然的優(yōu)雅,。陰影,、紋理和顏色搭配的巧妙運(yùn)用大大增強(qiáng)了景觀與生俱來的美。這種極好的風(fēng)景給人一種建筑風(fēng)格本土化的感覺,。– 2014 頒獎(jiǎng)評委會(huì)

West Texas Ranch by Ten Eyck Landscape Architects
VIA:ASLA    

歷史上的西德克薩斯牧場,，優(yōu)雅地依偎在Chinati山脈的山麓丘陵邊沿，作為一個(gè)多年運(yùn)營的牧場,，它一直遭受著嚴(yán)重的退化,。這對生態(tài)修復(fù)和審美轉(zhuǎn)化都提出了新的要求和挑戰(zhàn)。本地原有資源,、修復(fù)后的土生植被,、暴露與封閉的戶外空間之間形成的反差構(gòu)成了兼具傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代、私密而又開放的景觀,，因此提升了地方感,。

A historic West Texas ranch, beautifully nestled in the foothills of the Chinati Mountains, had suffered significant degradation throughout its years as a working ranch and presented the challenge of both ecological remediation and aesthetic transformation. Locally sourced materials, re-vegetation with native plants, and the contrast of exposed and enclosed outdoor spaces form a landscape that resonates with both the traditional and the contemporary, the intimate and the vast, thereby heightening a sense of place.

↑ 建筑和景觀師密切合作，設(shè)計(jì)出和諧的泳池景觀與泳池遮陽建筑,。
The architect and landscape architect worked hand-in-hand to develop a seamless relationship between the new shade structure by the
architect and the pool and hardscape by the landscape architect.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler 

一間平房和一棟簡易房屋,、8000畝荒地以及南部傾斜的草場構(gòu)成了曾經(jīng)的西德克薩斯牧場。經(jīng)過多年的運(yùn)作,，農(nóng)場的道路已被壓實(shí),，牧草也逐漸退化。投資者希望修復(fù)這些已經(jīng)退化了的區(qū)域,，形成一個(gè)集聚會(huì)場地,、游泳池、草坪,、樹蔭,、水果樹、花園于一體的低維護(hù)成本的牧場,。通過對2.5英畝土地的精心設(shè)計(jì),，西德克薩斯牧場現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為一片繁榮的沙漠之洲和宜居的住宅式花園。

在修復(fù)這片區(qū)域的生態(tài)完整性時(shí),，設(shè)計(jì)師充分尊重和保留了當(dāng)?shù)刈匀贿z產(chǎn),。舊的農(nóng)場道路已經(jīng)被裝飾并覆蓋上當(dāng)?shù)啬敛荨Ｐ侣泛屯＼噲龅倪吘?/span>種上了當(dāng)?shù)氐母鞣N植物,，包括牧草,、絲蘭、龍舌蘭,、仙人掌,、蠟大戟、阿巴伽羽果樹,、豆科灌木,、沙漠柳樹等，變得更加美觀,。牢固的風(fēng)化花崗巖走廊和鐵質(zhì)臺(tái)階踏板穿過鐵網(wǎng)和大門,。荒漠中的磚石建筑（將本地的石材澆筑進(jìn)混凝土鑄件里）擋土墻隔絕了毗鄰房屋在同一水平面的戶外居住空間,。作為對這片土地歷史文化的尊重,，農(nóng)場先前主人種植的山胡桃和紫荊花樹被保留了下來。受到這片胡桃樹林和果園的啟發(fā),，一片新的胡桃樹果園將會(huì)被設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)供戶外野餐庇蔭的區(qū)域,。這些擋土墻、游泳池和野牛草草坪融為一體,，向客戶展現(xiàn)一片開闊平整的南部風(fēng)光,。鐵閘門、喬木,、當(dāng)?shù)厥暮椭脖?，這些緊密結(jié)合的設(shè)計(jì)表現(xiàn)充分展現(xiàn)了與西德克薩斯荒涼氣候環(huán)境相抵抗的風(fēng)貌。

環(huán)境敏感性

盡最大努力整合本土資源和保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)匾吧鷦?dòng)植物,。因常年無限制的車輛運(yùn)載而被破壞侵蝕的道路被重新修復(fù),，種植上當(dāng)?shù)氐奶烊荒敛荩ǜ?/span>蘭馬草和藍(lán)色格蘭馬草,。耐旱的本土植物給墻內(nèi)的花園帶來了生機(jī),，吸引了本地的鳥兒和蝴蝶,。在Fort Stockton附近的高墻外，本土豆科灌木連同荒漠柳樹和其他耐旱植物將成為主要沙漠植被,。墻壁是用牧場當(dāng)?shù)氐纳匙雍褪^做成,，以此喚起人們更加關(guān)注這片土地與生俱來的美。除了冰山玫瑰,、胡桃樹和水果樹外,，其他的新植物可以在如此嚴(yán)重干旱的環(huán)境中存活下來。這些努力創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)井然有序卻崎嶇多變的自然風(fēng)貌,，從而達(dá)到人與環(huán)境之間的和諧,。

設(shè)計(jì)價(jià)值

西德克薩斯牧場的設(shè)計(jì)在保留牧場特點(diǎn)的同時(shí)，利用各種素材緊密結(jié)合的表達(dá)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀的方法,，結(jié)合客戶,、建筑師、景觀設(shè)計(jì)師和承包人要求,，形成了該模型,。客戶對牧場提出了一個(gè)浪漫的設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思,，創(chuàng)建一座種滿青翠樹木的玫瑰園,。景觀設(shè)計(jì)師通過討論，將此打造成一個(gè)簡單的當(dāng)?shù)鼗▓@,，重點(diǎn)凸出本土植被和風(fēng)貌的頑強(qiáng)之美,。這項(xiàng)工程受到當(dāng)?shù)靥厣珕l(fā)，著重凸出當(dāng)?shù)貒?yán)酷的美麗,，給游客一種寧靜的感覺,。西德克薩斯牧場在未來將會(huì)擁有重要地位，“私人天堂”,，該設(shè)計(jì)在探索園林設(shè)計(jì)中,，“證實(shí)了將傳統(tǒng)園藝設(shè)計(jì)元素與現(xiàn)代關(guān)注熱點(diǎn)相結(jié)合，例如可持續(xù)發(fā)展,、耐旱性和本土植物的用途”,。因此，西德克薩斯牧場可能為人們在牧場恢復(fù)和為其他也有如此強(qiáng)烈陽光和干旱環(huán)境下的居民住宅設(shè)計(jì)提供一個(gè)模板,。

↑  被高奇瓦沙漠圍繞的8000英畝牧場,，低矮的建筑后方是臺(tái)地，周圍是遼闊的草原,。
Surrounded by the high Chihuahuan Desert on an 8,000 acre ranch, the renovated ranch house can be seen in the distance with mesas to
the north and the house facing south with a vast view of an immense grassy plain.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  過去在車輛碾壓下,，住宅附近光禿的草地
This “before” photo of the existing ranch house shows the condition of the surrounding grassland after years of vehicular abuse.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  構(gòu)筑新矮墻定義房屋邊界，周圍草原的景觀得到恢復(fù)。
This image illustrates the completed renovations to the ranch house, a new desert masonry plinth defining a level, protected precinct
around the house, and the emergence of the grassland restoration.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  圍繞建筑有一個(gè)開放的草坪,，一個(gè)泳池,，茂密的本土植物和進(jìn)行規(guī)劃的停車區(qū)。
Situated in the high desert on an 8,000 acre ranch, the landscape architectural program includes shaded outdoor spaces, definition of a
protected area around the house, an open lawn for gatherings, a pool, native revegetation of disturbed areas, integration with the
architecture, and planning for vehicle circulation.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  泳池高出周圍景觀,，與擋土墻標(biāo)高接近,，花園生長著茂密的水牛草。
The pool is integrated horizontally into the desert masonry retaining wall and raised 18” above the surrounding landscape. A buffalo grass
lawn deck steps down from the pool to the main gathering space of the garden.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  高出地面的石砌圍墻入口從遠(yuǎn)處看十分醒目,。
The entry gate and desert masonry walls enclose the new garden. By raising the previously sloping grade to a level plinth around the house,
the distant views seem more dramatic.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  花園種植著原生的植物比如鼠尾草，山核桃樹還有紫荊樹等等,。
Entering the garden, one experiences plantings of native grasses, salvias, Apache plume, and pecan trees. The existing redbud tree at the
end of the path was protected in place.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  場地上原有的山核桃樹在新設(shè)計(jì)中成為了讓人納涼的室外用餐區(qū),。
The landscape architect was inspired by remnant pecan trees on site and orchards in the area. To satisfy the client’s want for shade, a small
orchard was proposed for the outdoor dining area with distant views beyond.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  樹蔭下，圣曼陀羅地被植物間,，礫石地面上的簡約餐桌,。
Dappled shade provides a cooling respite. Grasses punctuated with Sacred Datura and other perennials create interest. A simple wooden
table and gravel paving evoke the rugged history of the site as a working ranch.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  房屋一角的庭院，這里有沙柳樹,，豆科植物,，龍山蘭等植物。
A simple steel and gravel court was designed for the bunk house, which is framed by honey mesquite and desert willow for shade. Candellia
and agave surround the court at the lower grade.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  位于四顆杏樹之間的灌溉蓄水池—為庭院灌溉提供水源,。
An irrigation cistern deeply waters four neighboring apricot trees in another protected court at the bunk house. Rainlily and Texas Betony
are used as groundcover.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  主屋門廊外的花園,，這里的各種植物吸引著蝴蝶和鳥兒。
The screened porch at the main house is surrounded by a garden of gaura, salvia, and buddleia that attract swarms of butterflies and
songbirds.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  鏡面泳池反映著不斷變化的天氣和花園景觀,。
The pool is integrated into the desert masonry wall and serves as an ever-changing mirror in the garden.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  景觀設(shè)計(jì)師沒有讓草原的壯麗失色,，而是通過天然材料和本地植物讓這一特征更加強(qiáng)烈。
The landscape architect was careful not to detract from the spectacular views, but rather to preserve and enhance them with natural
materials and native plantings.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

↑  泳池仿佛融于大地,。該景觀無論硬質(zhì)景觀還是軟質(zhì)景觀都盡可能的謙遜低調(diào),，讓客戶能沉侵在高奇瓦瓦壯闊的沙漠美景中。
The pool is designed to align with the horizon using as little hardscape as possible. The ranch is a place where the urban dweller can escape
to feel protected but immersed in the beauty of the high Chihuahuan Desert.
Photo Credit: Terry Moore, Christine Ten Eyck, Trish Bigler

An existing ranch house, bunk house, and 8,000 acres of arid, south sloping grassland were once all that composed this West Texas Ranch. Ranch roads and grazing from its years as a working ranch had compacted soils and degraded the landscape. The client wished to restore thesedegraded areas and integrate a low-maintenance outdoor gathering space, pool, lawn, shade, fruit trees, and flowering gardens into the ranch landscape. Through the careful design of 2.5 acres, West Texas Ranch is now at once a thriving desert grassland and place-appropriate residential garden.

The design honors the cultural heritage of the landscape while repairing its ecological integrity. Old ranch roads have been ‘chiseled’ and are re-vegetated with native grasses. The edges of new roads and parking are softened by native plantings that include grasses, yucca, agave, prickly pear, candelillia, apache plume, mesquite and desert willow. Stabilized decomposed granite walkways with steel step risers pass through woven mesh entry gates. Desert masonry (native stone imbedded in cast concrete) retaining walls enclose outdoor living spaces on a level plinth adjacent to the house. Pecan and redbud trees planted by a former long-time ranch owner were left in place as a homage to the land’s cultural history. Inspired by existing pecan trees on site and pecan orchards characteristic of the area, a new orchard of pecan trees was designed to create shade in the garden for an outdoor dining area. The stone retaining wall, pool, and buffalo grass lawn are seamlessly integrated and, through this horizontal emphasis, connect the client with an uncluttered view of the expansive southern horizon. Steel gates and arbors, local stone, and native planting create a cohesive design language that withstands the stark West Texas climate.

ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY

Every effort was made to integrate locally-sourced materials and bolster the health of native wildlife. Bare and eroding roads produced byyears of unrestrained vehicular destruction were remediated with an assortment of native grass plantings, including side oats grama and bluegrama. Xeric native plants bring life to the interior walled gardens, attracting local birds and butterflies. Native mesquite trees grown from seed in nearby Fort Stockton were used as the main desert tree beyond the plinth walls, along with desert willows and other drought tolerantplants. Walls were made from local sand and stone from the ranch, calling attention to the inherent beauty of the land itself. With the exception of one bed of iceberg roses and the pecan and fruit trees, all of the new plantings will survive intense droughts. These efforts create a sleek, yet rugged landscape that balances human and environmental wellbeing.

DESIGN VALUE

The design of the West Texas Ranch is a model of collaboration between the client, architect, landscape architect and contractor that established a cohesive material language and sustainable landscape system in keeping with the character of the ranch. The client had a romantic vision of rose gardens with a medley of verdant plants, which the landscape architect helped transform into one of simple, native gardens through discussions that highlighted the beauty of tough, indigenous plants and hardscape materials. The project is inspired by place and designed with restraint to highlight the harsh beauty of the region, which inspires a feeling of serenity in the client. West Texas Ranch is featured in a new book, Private Paradise, which explores gardens that “demonstrate the intersection of traditional elements of garden design and current concerns such as sustainability, drought tolerance, and use of native plants.” Recognized as such, West Texas Ranch may become a model for ranch restoration and residential design for other residents living in regions of harsh sun and drought.

MORE:  Ten Eyck Landscape Architects