Linux系統(tǒng)的ping命令是常用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)命令,,它通常用來測試與目標主機的連通性,,我們經(jīng)常會說“ping一下某機器,看是不是開著”,、不能打開網(wǎng)頁時會說“你先ping網(wǎng)關(guān)地址192.168.1.1試試”,。它通過發(fā)送ICMP ECHO_REQUEST數(shù)據(jù)包到網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts),并顯示響應(yīng)情況,,這樣我們就可以根據(jù)它輸出的信息來確定目標主機是否可訪問(但這不是絕對的),。有些服務(wù)器為了防止通過ping探測到,通過防火墻設(shè)置了禁止ping或者在內(nèi)核參數(shù)中禁止ping,,這樣就不能通過ping確定該主機是否還處于開啟狀態(tài),。 linux下的ping和windows下的ping稍有區(qū)別,linux下ping不會自動終止,需要按ctrl+c終止或者用參數(shù)-c指定要求完成的回應(yīng)次數(shù)。 1.命令格式: ping [參數(shù)] [主機名或IP地址] 2.命令功能: ping命令用于:確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)和各外部主機的狀態(tài),;跟蹤和隔離硬件和軟件問題,;測試、評估和管理網(wǎng)絡(luò),。如果主機正在運行并連在網(wǎng)上,它就對回送信號進行響應(yīng),。每個回送信號請求包含一個網(wǎng)際協(xié)議(IP)和 ICMP 頭,,后面緊跟一個 tim 結(jié)構(gòu),以及來填寫這個信息包的足夠的字節(jié),。缺省情況是連續(xù)發(fā)送回送信號請求直到接收到中斷信號(Ctrl-C),。 ping 命令每秒發(fā)送一個數(shù)據(jù)報并且為每個接收到的響應(yīng)打印一行輸出,。ping 命令計算信號往返時間和(信息)包丟失情況的統(tǒng)計信息,并且在完成之后顯示一個簡要總結(jié),。ping 命令在程序超時或當接收到 SIGINT 信號時結(jié)束,。Host 參數(shù)或者是一個有效的主機名或者是因特網(wǎng)地址。 3.命令參數(shù): -d 使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能,。 -f 極限檢測,。大量且快速地送網(wǎng)絡(luò)封包給一臺機器,看它的回應(yīng),。 -n 只輸出數(shù)值,。 -q 不顯示任何傳送封包的信息,只顯示最后的結(jié)果,。 -r 忽略普通的Routing Table,,直接將數(shù)據(jù)包送到遠端主機上。通常是查看本機的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口是否有問題,。 -R 記錄路由過程,。 -v 詳細顯示指令的執(zhí)行過程。 <p>-c 數(shù)目:在發(fā)送指定數(shù)目的包后停止,。 -i 秒數(shù):設(shè)定間隔幾秒送一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)封包給一臺機器,,預(yù)設(shè)值是一秒送一次。 -I 網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面:使用指定的網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面送出數(shù)據(jù)包,。 -l 前置載入:設(shè)置在送出要求信息之前,,先行發(fā)出的數(shù)據(jù)包。 -p 范本樣式:設(shè)置填滿數(shù)據(jù)包的范本樣式,。 -s 字節(jié)數(shù):指定發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)數(shù),,預(yù)設(shè)值是56,加上8字節(jié)的ICMP頭,,一共是64ICMP數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié),。 -t 存活數(shù)值:設(shè)置存活數(shù)值TTL的大小。 4.使用實例: 實例1:ping的通的情況 命令: ping 192.168.120.205 輸出: [root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.205
PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms --- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms [root@localhost ~]# 說明:
實例2:ping不通的情況 命令: ping 192.168.120.202 輸出: [root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.202
PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable --- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics --- 8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms , pipe 4 [root@localhost ~]# 說明:
實例3:ping網(wǎng)關(guān) 命令: ping -b 192.168.120.1 輸出: [root@localhost ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.120.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 default 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 [root@localhost ~]# ping -b 192.168.120.1 PING 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms --- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms 說明:
實例4:ping指定次數(shù) 命令: ping -c 10 192.168.120.206 輸出: [root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms [root@localhost ~]# 說明:
實例5:時間間隔和次數(shù)限制的ping 命令: ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206 輸出: [root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms [root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206 PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms [root@localhost ~]#
說明:
實例6:通過域名ping公網(wǎng)上的站點 命令: ping -c 5 www.58.com 輸出: peida-VirtualBox ~ # ping -c 5 www.58.com
PING www.58.com (211.151.111.30) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=1 ttl=49 time=14.7 ms 64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=2 ttl=49 time=16.4 ms 64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=3 ttl=49 time=15.2 ms 64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=4 ttl=49 time=14.6 ms 64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=5 ttl=49 time=19.9 ms --- www.58.com ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 20101ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 14.618/16.192/19.917/1.965 ms peida-VirtualBox ~ # 說明:
實例7:多參數(shù)使用 命令: ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206 輸出: [root@localhost ~]# ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 1024(1052) bytes of data. 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.99 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.694 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.481 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.415 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.600 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.411 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.318 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.362 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.408 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.445 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.397 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.406 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics --- 15 packets transmitted, 15 received, 0% packet loss, time 41999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.281/0.531/1.993/0.404 ms [root@localhost ~]# 說明: -i 3 發(fā)送周期為 3秒 -s 設(shè)置發(fā)送包的大小為1024 -t 設(shè)置TTL值為 255
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