現(xiàn)行詞前為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代詞時(shí). 先行詞前有:all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等不定代詞修飾時(shí). 先行詞被敘述詞修飾時(shí). 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí). 先行詞前only, just, very, last有等修飾時(shí). 先行詞是表示人和物混雜的兩個(gè)名詞時(shí). 主句是以who, which,開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句或先行詞是疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí). 在修飾時(shí)間,、地點(diǎn)等先行詞時(shí),,只有用that代替when, where等引導(dǎo)詞。 例:I'll never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived. Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink ? 先行詞為reason, way (意為'方法')時(shí),,常用that 代替why, which, in which,, 也可省略. 引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí),多用that引導(dǎo). 先行詞是主句表語(yǔ)時(shí). 例:It is a dictionary that will help you a lot. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)以there be 開(kāi)頭時(shí). 當(dāng)先行詞是數(shù)詞時(shí). 同一個(gè)復(fù)合句里有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,,一個(gè)用which,,另一個(gè)通常用that.
reason后面的定于從句用why引導(dǎo),。 way 后面定語(yǔ)從句用in which 或that引導(dǎo)that可以省略。
as和which 都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.都可以代替主句中的整個(gè)內(nèi)容或某一成分. as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以位于句首,,并常和know, see, expect等詞連用.意為:'正 如...'.而which不能位于句首.
such... as the same... as so ... as..
the same...a(chǎn)s 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句指的是相同事物,,強(qiáng)調(diào)同類.the same...that 引 導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句指的是同一物. This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. (相同) This is the same pen that I borrowed from Mr. Li. (同一物)
whose 作定語(yǔ),后面跟名詞.一般有三種表示形式. 例: This is the dictionary whose cover has come off. = This is the dictionary the cover of which has come off. = This is the dictionary of which the cover has come off.
B. 名詞性從句
It is + (名詞、形容詞,、過(guò)去分詞+ that ... It seems(mattes / happened) that...
★that在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句,、同位語(yǔ)從句中(除賓語(yǔ)從句)即使不充當(dāng)成分,, that 不能省。 ★在等表示命令,、請(qǐng)求,、建議等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中that不能省。 ★在6123結(jié)構(gòu)中,,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that不能省,。 ★由and或or所連接的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第一個(gè)從句中的that可以??;而第二 個(gè)從句中的that不能省。 ★that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,,如果從句中還有其它狀語(yǔ)從句,,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that 不能省。
定語(yǔ)從句: 由for which, why引導(dǎo),,引導(dǎo)詞必須代替先行詞在其從句中充當(dāng)成 分.如:What is your reason why (for which) you were late? 同位語(yǔ)從句:由that引導(dǎo),,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分.如:The reason that he didn't come her this morning is not clear. 表語(yǔ)從句: 由that引導(dǎo),在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分.如:The reason is that he doesn't like being laughed at in public.