一般過去時和過去進(jìn)行時比較

★ 一般過去時篇

【結(jié)構(gòu)】

一般過去時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：

①當(dāng)謂語動詞是be動詞時：主語 + was / were …

②當(dāng)謂語動詞是其它動詞時：主語 + 動詞過去式

【例句呈現(xiàn)】

請觀察下面的句子，體會一下一般過去時在各句中的用法及其表示的意義,。

1) We moved here five years ago. 我們五年前搬到這里,。

2) Julia caught a bad cold yesterday. 朱麗亞昨天得了重感冒。

3) When I was a child we often went to the seaside in August.

   在我小的時候,，我們經(jīng)常在八月份去海邊,。

4) The children often swam in this river before the factory was built here.

   在這里修建了這座工廠之前，孩子們經(jīng)常在這條河中游泳,。

5) I used to read newspapers after breakfast. 我以前經(jīng)常在早餐后讀報紙,。

6) Mary would stay at home and read a book whenever it rained.

   (以前)每當(dāng)下雨的時候，瑪麗就會呆在家中看書,。

7) I wanted to ask you if you could help me.  我想問你是否能幫助我,。

8) We wished you could go for a picnic with us.  我們希望你能跟我們一起去野餐。

9) Would you like a glass of beer?  想要一杯啤酒嗎,？

10) Should I call him tonight?  我應(yīng)該今晚給他打電話嗎,？

11) I think it might rain soon.  我認(rèn)為可能會下雨。

12) My secretary said that she would let me know as soon as she got the information.

    我的秘書說,，她得到消息后馬上就會讓我知道,。

13) I wish I had a better memory.  真希望我的記性能好一點。

14) I'd rather you came tomorrow.  我寧愿你明天來,。

【主要用法歸納及例句解讀】

(1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),，常與表示過去時間的副詞yesterday, the other day, last week (year, night, month …), in 1989, two hours ago, just now等連用，如1),、2)兩句,；有些句子，雖然沒有表示過去確定時間的狀語,，但實際上是指過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),，也需要用一般過去時，如：

I didn't know you were in Paris.

我不知道你在巴黎,。(說話時“我”已經(jīng)知道“你”在巴黎了,，這句話指的是說話之前的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)該用過去時表示)

(2)表示過去一段時間經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,。這時可與頻度副詞often, usually, always等連用,，如3)、4)兩句,；

(3)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,、過去的習(xí)慣等，也可用used to / would + 動詞原形 (其中used to表示“過去經(jīng)常,，而今不再”),，如5)、6)兩句,；

(4) want, hope, wish, wonder, think等動詞可用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在的一種委婉的語氣或一種試探性的態(tài)度,，如7)、8)兩句,；

(5) 情態(tài)動詞的過去式,，如could, would, should, might等可用于現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚硎疽环N委婉的語氣,，如9), 10), 11)三句,；

(6) 有些時候，從句的動作不一定表示過去,，但為了與主句的謂語動詞在時態(tài)上保持一致,，也會使用一般過去時，如句12),。

(7) 用在would rather, wish后面的從句中(虛擬語氣),，表示與現(xiàn)在的事實相反的情況，如13), 14)兩句,。

★過去進(jìn)行時篇

【結(jié)構(gòu)】

過去進(jìn)行時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + was / were + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式

【例句呈現(xiàn)】

請繼續(xù)觀察下面的句子,，認(rèn)真體會過去進(jìn)行時在句中的具體用法。

1) At this time, the man downstairs was trying to sleep.

  這個時候,，樓下的男人正設(shè)法入睡,。

2) What was David doing at 8:00 yesterday morning?

   昨天早上八點，大衛(wèi)在做什么,？

3) The Browns were cleaning the house from 8 to 9.

   從八點到九點這段時間,，布朗一家在打掃房子。

4) The last time I saw her, she was planning to have a holiday.

   上次我見到她的時候,，她正盤算著要休個假,。

5) Catherine didn't like her roommates, because they were always borrowing things from her.

   凱瑟琳不喜歡她的室友，因為她們總是借她的東西,。

6) The colleagues didn't want him to leave the department because he was always helping others.

   同事們不想讓他離開這個部門,，因為他總會幫別人的忙。

7) The headmaster told us that the President was arriving soon. 

   校長告訴我們總統(tǒng)就要來了,。

8) The couple said they were leaving for Chicago the next month.

   夫婦倆說,，他們下個月要去芝加哥,。

【主要用法歸納及例句解讀】

(1) 表示過去某一時刻或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作，如1),、2)、3)三句,；

(2) 表示在過去相對較長一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作,，但是說話時不一定在做此動作，如句4),。

(3) 過去進(jìn)行時與always, usually等連用時,，表示過去反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動作，含有贊揚,、不滿等感情色彩,。如句5)表示不滿，句6)表示表示贊揚的感情色彩,；

(4) 表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作,，常出現(xiàn)這種用法的動詞有come, go, leave, start, arrive等，如7),、8)兩句,。

★真題訓(xùn)練

1. — Have you known Dr Jackson for a long time?               

   — Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.  (2008  全國I)

A. has joined      B. joins        C. had joined      D. joined

2. I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn't get through. Her brother _____ on the phone all the time!   (2008  湖南)

A. was talking     B. has been talking     C. has talked       D. talked

3. I don't believe you've already finished reading the book—I _____it to you this morning! (2008  浙江)

A. would lend       B. was lending      C. had lent        D. lent

4. He _______ football regularly for many years when he was young.  (2008  天津)

A. was playing      B. played      C. has played     D. had played

5. — Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.

   — Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ________ of my friends back home.  (2007  全國II)

A. have just thought                  B. was just thinking        

C. would just think                   D. will just be thinking

6. — I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.  

   — Impossible. She         TV with me in my home then.  (2007  福建)

A. watched        B. had watched      C. would watch       D. was watching

7. — Ouch! You hurt me!

   — I am sorry. But I         any harm. I        to drive a rat out.   (2007  江西)

A. didn't mean; tried                  B. don't mean; am trying

C. haven't meant; tried                D. didn't mean; was trying

8. — Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day. 

   — ________? That's his third one in just one month.  (2007  浙江)

A. Had he          B. Did he          C. Does he         D. Has he

9. — I’ve got to go now.

     — Must you? I______you could stay for dinner with us.（2009   重慶）

A. think              B. thought           C. have thought           D. am thinking

10．— What do you think of the movie?

    — It's fantastic. The only pity is that I __________ the beginning of it. （2009  浙江）

A. Missed        B. had missed        C. miss          D. would miss

Keys: 1-5 DADBB  6-10 DDBBA