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否定轉(zhuǎn)移用法總結(jié)

 微薄英語 2010-11-28

否定轉(zhuǎn)移用法總結(jié)(有感于課文中一句話的理解)

山東高唐一中   劉長友

外研版的新課標(biāo)英語課本第二冊(cè)Module 1 “Zhou ai(2)p2中有這樣一句話:I think I don’t get these things because I take a lot of exercise and am very fit.

不少有學(xué)有基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)生,其中包括一些老師,,對(duì)這一個(gè)句子中,,該不該用否定轉(zhuǎn)移的句子,展開了激烈討論,。下面我們有必要把有關(guān)否定轉(zhuǎn)移的用法深入弄清之后,,再來回答這一問題。

    1.在帶賓語從句的復(fù)合句中,,如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, fancy, feel, imagine等表示觀點(diǎn),、信念、推測(cè)等心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí),,否定謂語從句的not往往轉(zhuǎn)移到主句,,成為形式否定主句,意義否定從句,,這種語法現(xiàn)象就叫做否定轉(zhuǎn)移,。如:

I don’t think he will come this afternoon.

我認(rèn)為他今天下午不會(huì)來。

I don’t believe I have the pleasure of knowing you.

很遺憾,,我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你,。

I don’t guess that they have got married.

我猜他們還沒有結(jié)婚。

I don’t expect they have finished the work..

我料想他們還沒有完成工作,。

I don’t suppose he will return to his hometown after a few years of study abroad.

我看他在國外學(xué)習(xí)幾年后不會(huì)回家鄉(xiāng)了,。

I don’t feel you should go.

我覺得你不應(yīng)該去。

I didn’t imagine that Tom would help her.

我猜想湯姆不會(huì)幫助她,。

2.主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞若與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或狀語連用時(shí),,不轉(zhuǎn)移否定。

  I can’t believe that they are married.

  我真不敢相信他們結(jié)婚了,。

  We can’t believe that he turns an honest penny.

  我們不能相信他是用正當(dāng)手段掙錢,。

  You mustn’t think he’s an honest person.

  你不可以認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。

  I didn’t ever suppose that they were happy.

  我并不認(rèn)為他們是幸福的,。

但是,,在帶有can’tcouldn’t的句子中,有時(shí)can’tcouldn’t帶有否定轉(zhuǎn)移的含義,。如:

  She can’t seem to do it. (=She seems not to be able to do it.)

  她似乎不能做這件事,。

3.當(dāng)think用在疑問句中時(shí),不轉(zhuǎn)移否定。

  Why do you think I can’t change your note?

  你為什么認(rèn)為我換不開你的鈔票呢,?

4.由knew, fear, mean, I am afraid等動(dòng)詞形式構(gòu)成的賓語從句中,,其否定詞not,通常不進(jìn)行否定轉(zhuǎn)移,。當(dāng)然,,這并不是說否定詞not不能否定以上動(dòng)詞形式,而是說否定賓語從句和否定主句謂語動(dòng)詞的意思不同,。試比較:

  He knew you wouldn’t tell on him.

他知道你不會(huì)出賣他,。

He didn’t know you should tell on him.

他沒想到你竟會(huì)出賣他。

I mean you didn’t do it right.

我是說你做得不對(duì),。

I don’t mean you did it right.

我并不是說你做的對(duì),。

I am afraid that he won’t threaten me with death.

恐怕他不會(huì)以死來威脅我。

I am not afraid that he will threaten me with death.

我不怕他以死來威脅我,。

5.動(dòng)詞hope不可進(jìn)行否定轉(zhuǎn)移,。

  I hope it won’t snow.

  我希望天不下雨。

  I hope she doesn’t dislike the flowers.

  我希望他不會(huì)討厭(會(huì)喜歡)這些花,。

6.在下列幾種情況下,,think的賓語從句中的否定詞通常不可前移到主句中:

1)  賓語從句中有固定短語,如can’t help, not at all, not only… but also… 等,。

I think everybody can’t help laughing if they see it.

我認(rèn)為,,人們看到時(shí)會(huì)禁不住大笑。

I think she is not only beautiful but also kind.

我認(rèn)為,,她不僅漂亮,,而且善良。

2)  賓語從句中notjust, enough, quite, much等副詞連用,。如:

I think you are not quite sure about it.

我認(rèn)為,,你們對(duì)這一點(diǎn)并不能完全肯定。

I think she’s not much like her mother.

我覺得,,她不怎么像她的母親,。

3)  賓語從句中含有no, nothing, never, nobody等。如:

I think she has never been there.

我認(rèn)為,,她從未去過那里,。

4)  think本身有其他詞修飾或與其他動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成并列謂語。如:

I sometimes think he is not an honest man.

我有時(shí)認(rèn)為她并不誠實(shí),。

I do think you shouldn’t hurt her.

我的確認(rèn)為你不該傷害她,。

I think and hope that I’m not disturbing you so much.

我認(rèn)為,也希望,,我不太打擾你,。

5think以過去時(shí),、完成時(shí)等出現(xiàn),,則不一定要求否定前移,。如:

I was thinking that he wouldn’t succeed.

我在想他不會(huì)成功。

I thought you didn’t marry her.

       我原以為你不會(huì)與她結(jié)婚,。

I had thought he wouldn’t come.

我愿意為他不會(huì)來呢,。

但是,,在現(xiàn)代英語中,,為了使語氣柔和,過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子中偶爾也可見到這種否定轉(zhuǎn)移,。如:

I don’t think this man would want to hurt me.

我想,,這個(gè)人不會(huì)傷害我。

6think的主語不是Iwe,,而是其它人稱,。如:

They think she will not come.

他們認(rèn)為她不會(huì)來。

7.在現(xiàn)代英語中,,下面兩句都可以說:

   I don’t think he will succeed.

   I think he won’t succeed.

   我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)成功,。

我想,我們探討完有關(guān)否定轉(zhuǎn)移的用法之后,,師生就可為這句話的爭議也該就此為止了吧,。因?yàn)檎Z言現(xiàn)象是變化多樣的,我們沒有必要把所有的語言現(xiàn)象都要從語法的角度去衡量,,而是應(yīng)該從發(fā)展的角度對(duì)待現(xiàn)代語言,,只要在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中真實(shí)再現(xiàn)語言情景的句子,不管它是否符合語法,,那都是合乎情理的,。畢竟語法是為語言服務(wù)的,現(xiàn)實(shí)的句子是無法用全部語法來解釋的,。

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