否定轉(zhuǎn)移用法總結(jié)(有感于課文中一句話的理解) 山東高唐一中 劉長友 外研版的新課標(biāo)英語課本第二冊(cè)Module 1 “Zhou Kai(2)p2中有這樣一句話:I think I don’t get these things because I take a lot of exercise and am very fit. 不少有學(xué)有基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)生,其中包括一些老師,,對(duì)這一個(gè)句子中,,該不該用否定轉(zhuǎn)移的句子,展開了激烈討論,。下面我們有必要把有關(guān)否定轉(zhuǎn)移的用法深入弄清之后,,再來回答這一問題。 1.在帶賓語從句的復(fù)合句中,,如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, fancy, feel, imagine等表示“觀點(diǎn),、信念、推測(cè)”等心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí),,否定謂語從句的not往往轉(zhuǎn)移到主句,,成為“形式否定主句,意義否定從句”,,這種語法現(xiàn)象就叫做否定轉(zhuǎn)移,。如: I don’t think he will come this afternoon. 我認(rèn)為他今天下午不會(huì)來。 I don’t believe I have the pleasure of knowing you. 很遺憾,,我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你,。 I don’t guess that they have got married. 我猜他們還沒有結(jié)婚。 I don’t expect they have finished the work.. 我料想他們還沒有完成工作,。 I don’t suppose he will return to his hometown after a few years of study abroad. 我看他在國外學(xué)習(xí)幾年后不會(huì)回家鄉(xiāng)了,。 I don’t feel you should go. 我覺得你不應(yīng)該去。 I didn’t imagine that Tom would help her. 我猜想湯姆不會(huì)幫助她,。 2.主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞若與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或狀語連用時(shí),,不轉(zhuǎn)移否定。 I can’t believe that they are married. 我真不敢相信他們結(jié)婚了,。 We can’t believe that he turns an honest penny. 我們不能相信他是用正當(dāng)手段掙錢,。 You mustn’t think he’s an honest person. 你不可以認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。 I didn’t ever suppose that they were happy. 我并不認(rèn)為他們是幸福的,。 但是,,在帶有can’t和couldn’t的句子中,有時(shí)can’t和couldn’t帶有否定轉(zhuǎn)移的含義,。如: She can’t seem to do it. (=She seems not to be able to do it.) 她似乎不能做這件事,。 3.當(dāng)think用在疑問句中時(shí),不轉(zhuǎn)移否定。 Why do you think I can’t change your note? 你為什么認(rèn)為我換不開你的鈔票呢,? 4.由knew, fear, mean, I am afraid等動(dòng)詞形式構(gòu)成的賓語從句中,,其否定詞not,通常不進(jìn)行否定轉(zhuǎn)移,。當(dāng)然,,這并不是說否定詞not不能否定以上動(dòng)詞形式,而是說否定賓語從句和否定主句謂語動(dòng)詞的意思不同,。試比較: He knew you wouldn’t tell on him. 他知道你不會(huì)出賣他,。 He didn’t know you should tell on him. 他沒想到你竟會(huì)出賣他。 I mean you didn’t do it right. 我是說你做得不對(duì),。 I don’t mean you did it right. 我并不是說你做的對(duì),。 I am afraid that he won’t threaten me with death. 恐怕他不會(huì)以死來威脅我。 I am not afraid that he will threaten me with death. 我不怕他以死來威脅我,。 5.動(dòng)詞hope不可進(jìn)行否定轉(zhuǎn)移,。 I hope it won’t snow. 我希望天不下雨。 I hope she doesn’t dislike the flowers. 我希望他不會(huì)討厭(會(huì)喜歡)這些花,。 6.在下列幾種情況下,,think的賓語從句中的否定詞通常不可前移到主句中: 1) 賓語從句中有固定短語,如can’t help, not at all, not only… but also… 等,。 I think everybody can’t help laughing if they see it. 我認(rèn)為,,人們看到時(shí)會(huì)禁不住大笑。 I think she is not only beautiful but also kind. 我認(rèn)為,,她不僅漂亮,,而且善良。 2) 賓語從句中not與just, enough, quite, much等副詞連用,。如: I think you are not quite sure about it. 我認(rèn)為,,你們對(duì)這一點(diǎn)并不能完全肯定。 I think she’s not much like her mother. 我覺得,,她不怎么像她的母親,。 3) 賓語從句中含有no, nothing, never, nobody等。如: I think she has never been there. 我認(rèn)為,,她從未去過那里,。 4) think本身有其他詞修飾或與其他動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成并列謂語。如: I sometimes think he is not an honest man. 我有時(shí)認(rèn)為她并不誠實(shí),。 I do think you shouldn’t hurt her. 我的確認(rèn)為你不該傷害她,。 I think and hope that I’m not disturbing you so much. 我認(rèn)為,也希望,,我不太打擾你,。 5)think以過去時(shí),、完成時(shí)等出現(xiàn),,則不一定要求否定前移,。如: I was thinking that he wouldn’t succeed. 我在想他不會(huì)成功。 I thought you didn’t marry her. 我原以為你不會(huì)與她結(jié)婚,。 I had thought he wouldn’t come. 我愿意為他不會(huì)來呢,。 但是,,在現(xiàn)代英語中,,為了使語氣柔和,過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子中偶爾也可見到這種否定轉(zhuǎn)移,。如: I don’t think this man would want to hurt me. 我想,,這個(gè)人不會(huì)傷害我。 6)think的主語不是I或we,,而是其它人稱,。如: They think she will not come. 他們認(rèn)為她不會(huì)來。 7.在現(xiàn)代英語中,,下面兩句都可以說: I don’t think he will succeed. I think he won’t succeed. 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)成功,。 我想,我們探討完有關(guān)否定轉(zhuǎn)移的用法之后,,師生就可為這句話的爭議也該就此為止了吧,。因?yàn)檎Z言現(xiàn)象是變化多樣的,我們沒有必要把所有的語言現(xiàn)象都要從語法的角度去衡量,,而是應(yīng)該從發(fā)展的角度對(duì)待現(xiàn)代語言,,只要在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中真實(shí)再現(xiàn)語言情景的句子,不管它是否符合語法,,那都是合乎情理的,。畢竟語法是為語言服務(wù)的,現(xiàn)實(shí)的句子是無法用全部語法來解釋的,。 |
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