虛擬語氣除主要用于非真實(shí)條件句外,,還可用在部分主語從句,、賓語從句,、表語從句、同位語從句,、定語從句和狀語從句之中,。 主句中的動(dòng)詞、名詞,、形容詞如表示要求,、建議、命令或愿望等含義,,與其相關(guān)的名詞性從句(主語從句,、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣,。 主語從句中的虛擬語氣 主語從句通常用于"It is + 形容詞 / 名詞 /動(dòng)詞-ed形式+that..."結(jié)構(gòu),。主語從句中是否用虛擬語氣取決于所用的形容詞或動(dòng)詞-ed形式,其謂語動(dòng)詞常用"should + 動(dòng)詞原形"(美國英語常省略should,,只用動(dòng)詞原形),。 ①表示建議或命令 It is important that we (should) work out a study plan. 重要的是我們要制訂出一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃,。 It will be better that we (should) meet some other time. 最好我們?cè)诹硪粋€(gè)時(shí)間見面,。 It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English. 有人建議每個(gè)學(xué)生都要唱一首英文歌曲。 It is demanded that he should leave at once. 要求他立刻離開,。 ?、诒硎倔@訝 It is strange that he (should) have failed to see his own shortcomings. 真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺點(diǎn)。 It is a pity/shame that I (should) be at school instead of lying here in hospital. 真可惜,,我應(yīng)當(dāng)在學(xué)校而不是躺在醫(yī)院里,。 It is natural that you (should) forget it first. 你起先記不住是很自然的。
賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣常用在表示要求,、建議、命令或愿望的動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中,。 ?、僭趕uggest (建議),order (命令),,propose (建議),,insist (堅(jiān)持要做),command (命令),,request (要求),,advise (建議) 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中,,謂語動(dòng)詞用"should + 動(dòng)詞原形"(美國英語常省略should)。
比 較 動(dòng)詞suggest和insist后面的賓語從句,,應(yīng)根據(jù)不同情況選用陳述語氣或虛擬語氣,。 suggest作“建議”解時(shí),用虛擬語氣,,作“使想起,、暗示”解時(shí),用陳述語氣,。 His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision. 他的沉默暗示他贊同我的決定,。 (暗示) He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision. 他建議我堅(jiān)持自己的決定。 (建議) insist作“堅(jiān)決要求”解時(shí),,用虛擬語氣,,作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”解時(shí),用陳述語氣,。 He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people's health. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為做早操對(duì)健康有益,。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)) He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day. 他堅(jiān)持每天都要做早操。 (要求) ?、谠趧?dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣,,表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。
★由于wish和hope的漢語意思差不多,,在使用上往往容易出錯(cuò),。 wish一般表示“希望”、“但愿”,,表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,,后接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣;hope表示“希望”,,指可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望,,后接從句時(shí)用陳述語氣。 The students hope that their football team will win the game. 學(xué)生們希望他們的足球隊(duì)獲勝,。 (可能實(shí)現(xiàn)) I wish I could see him now. 我希望現(xiàn)在就能看到他,。 (不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)) 表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣 在表示建議,、勸告、命令等含義的名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中,,謂語動(dòng)詞要用"should + 動(dòng)詞原形"結(jié)構(gòu),。 My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible. 我的建議是你盡可能經(jīng)常地練習(xí)說英語。 The demand is that the composition (should) be written on one side only. 按照要求作文必須單面謄寫,。 It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year. 我的愿望是所有家庭成員一年團(tuán)圓一次,。 The suggestion that education (should) be reformed is reasonable. 教育要改革的建議是合理的。
|
|