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名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣

 許愿真 2014-05-17

 虛擬語氣除主要用于非真實(shí)條件句外,,還可用在部分主語從句,、賓語從句,、表語從句、同位語從句,、定語從句和狀語從句之中,。

主句中的動(dòng)詞、名詞,、形容詞如表示要求,、建議、命令或愿望等含義,,與其相關(guān)的名詞性從句(主語從句,、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣,。

 主語從句中的虛擬語氣

  主語從句通常用于"It is + 形容詞 / 名詞 /動(dòng)詞-ed形式+that..."結(jié)構(gòu),。主語從句中是否用虛擬語氣取決于所用的形容詞或動(dòng)詞-ed形式,其謂語動(dòng)詞常用"should + 動(dòng)詞原形"(美國英語常省略should,,只用動(dòng)詞原形),。

 ①表示建議或命令

  It is important that we (should) work out a study plan.

  重要的是我們要制訂出一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃,。

  It will be better that we (should) meet some other time.

  最好我們?cè)诹硪粋€(gè)時(shí)間見面,。

  It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English.

  有人建議每個(gè)學(xué)生都要唱一首英文歌曲。

  It is demanded that he should leave at once.

  要求他立刻離開,。

?、诒硎倔@訝

  It is strange that he (should) have failed to see his own shortcomings.

  真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺點(diǎn)。

  It is a pity/shame that I (should) be at school instead of lying here in hospital.

  真可惜,,我應(yīng)當(dāng)在學(xué)校而不是躺在醫(yī)院里,。

  It is natural that you (should) forget it first.

  你起先記不住是很自然的。

  必 背

  常見的要接含有虛擬語氣主語從句的詞:

  形容詞:important, necessary, urgent, essential, vital, natural, strange, proper等

  動(dòng)詞-ed形式:arranged, suggested, ordered, required, desired, demanded, proposed等

  It is necessary that the program (should) be loaded into the computer.

  有必要把程序輸入電腦,。

  It is strange that he should have learned so much in such a short time.

  很奇怪他竟然在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)了那么多的東西,。

  It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.

  希望一切在今晚前準(zhǔn)備就緒,。

 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

  虛擬語氣常用在表示要求,、建議、命令或愿望的動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中,。

?、僭趕uggest (建議),order (命令),,propose (建議),,insist (堅(jiān)持要做),command (命令),,request (要求),,advise (建議) 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中,,謂語動(dòng)詞用"should + 動(dòng)詞原形"(美國英語常省略should)。

  The examination instructor asked that the students (should) not use a calculator.

  考官要求學(xué)生不要使用計(jì)算器,。

  The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 percent.

  工人們要求增加百分之十的工資,。

  The requested that he (should) sing a song.

  他們要求他唱一首歌。

常見的賓語從句中需用"should + 動(dòng)詞原形"的動(dòng)詞有:

一個(gè)堅(jiān)持:insist

兩個(gè)命令:order, command

三個(gè)建議:suggest, advise, propose

四個(gè)要求:demand, require, ask, desire

比 較

  動(dòng)詞suggest和insist后面的賓語從句,,應(yīng)根據(jù)不同情況選用陳述語氣或虛擬語氣,。

  suggest作“建議”解時(shí),用虛擬語氣,,作“使想起,、暗示”解時(shí),用陳述語氣,。

  His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.

  他的沉默暗示他贊同我的決定,。     (暗示)

  He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.

  他建議我堅(jiān)持自己的決定。     (建議)

  insist作“堅(jiān)決要求”解時(shí),,用虛擬語氣,,作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”解時(shí),用陳述語氣,。

  He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people's health.

  他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為做早操對(duì)健康有益,。     (強(qiáng)調(diào))

  He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.

  他堅(jiān)持每天都要做早操。     (要求)

?、谠趧?dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣,,表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。

 一般過去時(shí)

 were/did

 表示目前不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望

 I wish I were a bird.

 但愿我是一只小鳥,。

 I wish I knew the answer.

 我要是知道答案就好了,。

 過去完成時(shí)

 had done

 表示過去不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望

 I wish she had taken my advice.

 那時(shí)她要是接受我的建議就好了。

 I wish that I had seen her yesterday.

 真希望我昨天見過她,。

 過去將來時(shí)

 would/could do

 表示將來沒有把握或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望

 I wish you would stay an hour longer. 

 我希望你再呆一個(gè)小時(shí),。

 I wish it could stop raining.

 但愿雨能停。

 ★由于wish和hope的漢語意思差不多,,在使用上往往容易出錯(cuò),。

  wish一般表示“希望”、“但愿”,,表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,,后接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣;hope表示“希望”,,指可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望,,后接從句時(shí)用陳述語氣。

  The students hope that their football team will win the game.

  學(xué)生們希望他們的足球隊(duì)獲勝,。     (可能實(shí)現(xiàn))

  I wish I could see him now.    

  我希望現(xiàn)在就能看到他,。     (不可能實(shí)現(xiàn))

 表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣

  在表示建議,、勸告、命令等含義的名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中,,謂語動(dòng)詞要用"should + 動(dòng)詞原形"結(jié)構(gòu),。

  My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.

  我的建議是你盡可能經(jīng)常地練習(xí)說英語。

  The demand is that the composition (should) be written on one side only.

  按照要求作文必須單面謄寫,。

  It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year.

  我的愿望是所有家庭成員一年團(tuán)圓一次,。

  The suggestion that education (should) be reformed is reasonable.

  教育要改革的建議是合理的。

 必 背

 表示建議,、勸告,、命令等含義的名詞常見的有:

 advice

建議

desire

愿望

idea

意見

 order

命令

request

請(qǐng)求

demand

要求

 decision

決定

motion

提議

proposal

提議

 regulation

規(guī)章

requirement

要求

suggestion

建議

 

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