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l 代詞必考點 代詞分為九類：人稱代詞、物主代詞,、反身代詞,、相互代詞、指示代詞\疑問代詞,、連接代詞,、不定代詞、關(guān)系代詞,。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的作用,。 1、人稱代詞 （1）人稱代詞作主語用主格,，作賓語,、表語用賓格，但應(yīng)注意以下4中情況： ①作主語的人稱代詞如果孤立地使用于無謂語動詞的句子中,，或在這種句子中與動詞不定式連用,，常用賓格。 —Does any of you know where Tom lives? —Me. What! Me (to)play him at chess? No! ②句子中代詞作賓語或賓語補足語時，與所替代的名詞在人稱,、數(shù),、格在意義上一般要保持前后一致。 The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格,，故用he代替) They took me to be her.他們誤以為我是她,。（me是賓格，故用her 替代） ③作表語人稱代詞一般用賓格,，但在強調(diào)句型中,，被強調(diào)部分代詞的格不變。 I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital. ④在比較級的句子中than,、as后用主格,、賓格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有區(qū)別,。 I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her. I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too. (2)兩個以上的人稱代詞并列,，其次序排列原則： ①在并列主語中，“I”總是放在最后,，排列順序為：二 三 一（人稱）,。賓格me也一樣。 You ,she and I will be in charge of the case. Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him. ②第三人稱,，男女兩性并用,，男先女后。 He and she still don’t agree to the plan. (3)幾個人稱代詞的特殊用法,。 ①we/you(口語)常用來泛指一般人,。 ②she可以代表國家、船只,、大地,、月亮等。 The “Titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she? 2.物主代詞 （1）名詞和形容詞性物主代詞各自的語法功能,。 （2）one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的轉(zhuǎn)換,。 （3）某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中常用定冠詞代替物主代詞。 如： take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg. 3.反身代詞 （1）反身代詞的語法功能：賓語,、表語,、主語或賓語的同位語。 （2）反身代詞和某些動詞連有,，構(gòu)成固定短語。 enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood （3）反身代詞還可用于某些成語中,。 for oneself為自己或獨立地,，of oneself自然地，自動地 by oneself獨自地，in oneself本身性質(zhì),，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至極 This problem gets a chapter to itself.這個問題占了一章（獨有）,。 Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.私下地說我并不怎么看重他。 They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同） Left to himself he began to write.別人走后只留下他,，他寫了起來,。 I’m very angry with myself.生自己的氣。 4.相互代詞（each other, one another） 相互代詞無人稱,、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別,，在句中作賓語。其所有格分別為each other’s ,、one another’s ,作定語,。 一般來說，each other指兩者之間,，one another指三者或三者以上之間,，但現(xiàn)在區(qū)分已不明顯。 5.指示代詞（this, that , these, those, such, same） 指示代詞具有形容詞和代詞兩種詞性,，在句子中可以作定語,、主語、賓語或表語等,。 （1）指示代詞this和that的區(qū)別,。 ①this (these)一般指時間或空間上較近的人或物；that(those)常指時間或空間較遠的人或物,。 This is my desk and that is yours. In those days they could not go to school. ②this常指后面要講到的事物,，有啟下的作用；that則指前面講到過的事物,，有承上的作用,。 I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come. ③為了避免重復(fù)，常用that或those代替前面已提過的名詞,。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. ④this在電話用語中作自我介紹,，that詢問對方；this和that可以當(dāng)副詞用,，意思相當(dāng)于副詞so,。 （2）such和same的用法。 ①such指“這樣的”人或事,，在句中作主語和定語,。 Such was the story. We have never seen such a tall building. ②same指“同樣的”人或事，在句中作主語,、表語,、賓語和定語,，same的前面要用定冠詞the. The same can be said of the other article. 另一篇文章也是同樣的情況。（主語） Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me. 他是否能做這事,，對我來說都一樣,。（表語） 6、疑問代詞（who,whom,which,what,whose） 疑問代詞在句中作主語,、賓語,、定語和表語。 （1）who/what ①詢問姓名或關(guān)系,?！猈ho is he? ——He is my brother./He is Henry.詢問職業(yè)或地位?！猈hat is he,？ ——He is a lawyer/teacher. ②What/who 作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于說話人的視點,，可單數(shù)也可復(fù)數(shù),。 What is /are on the table? Who is/are in the library? (2)which與who、what which表示在一定范圍內(nèi),，而who,、what則無此限制。 I found two books on the desk.Which is yours? 7.連接代詞和關(guān)系代詞 連接代詞與疑問代詞的形式相同,，主要有who,、whom、whose,、what,、which以及它們與ever合成的代詞whoever、whomever,、whatever,、whichever等。它們用來引導(dǎo)主語從句,，賓語從句和表語從句,，即連接復(fù)合句中的主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分,，以連接代詞引起的名詞性從句前不能再加that. 關(guān)系代詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞,，它們包括who、whom,、whose,、which、that等,。這兩類代詞的用法詳見“名詞性從句”和“定語從句”部分,。 8,、不定代詞 不定代詞主要有：all,、each,、every、both,、either,、neither、one,、none,、little、few,、many,、much、other,、another,、some、any,、no等,。還有由some、any,、no和every構(gòu)成合成代詞,，不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分,，在句中可以作主語,、表語、賓語,、同位語,、定語、狀語等（every,、no只能作定語）,。下面介紹幾組主要不定代詞的用法與區(qū)別。 （1）some與any 一般用法：some,、any可與單,、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連有。some一般用于肯定句,，any多用于疑問,、否定或條件句。 He has some Chinese paintings.(定語) Some like sports,others like music.(主語) Ask me if you have any questions.(定語) Do you have any questions to ask?(定語) I don’t know any of the students.（賓語） 特殊用法： ①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思,。 Any child can do that.（定語） You may take any of them.（賓語） ②some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示“某一”,。 Smith went to some place in England.（定語） ③在期待對方回答yes 時,，some用在表示請求或邀請的問句中。 Would you like some bananas?（邀請） Mum,could you give me some money?(請求) ④some 用于否定句表示部分否定,。 I don’t know some of the students.（賓語） some和any在句中還可作狀語,，作副詞。some意為“大約”相當(dāng)于“about”,而any則表示程度,，意為“稍,，絲毫”。如： There are some 300 workers on strike. Do you feel any better today? (2)one,both,all ①one作定語,、表語,、主語或賓語，可以指人或物,，表示“一個”的意思,，其復(fù)數(shù)為ones,指人時，其所有格是one’s,，反身代詞是oneself. One should try one’s best to serve the people.(主語,、定語) This is not the one I want.(表語) one、ones可以代替上文提到過的名詞,，以免重復(fù),，one、ones前面分別可以用this,、that,、these、those或the,、which等詞修飾,。如： These books are more interesting than those ones. Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box? ②both用作定語、賓語,、主語和同位語,，可以指人或指物，表示“兩者都”的意思,。 This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定語) Both of the boys are here.(主語) We both are students.(同位語) 注意：both用于否定句,，表示部分否定；表示完全否定時,，用neither,。如：Both of us are not teachers.我們倆并不都是教師。 Neither of us is a teacher. 我們倆都不是教師,。 both不能放在the,、these、those,、my等之后,，而應(yīng)放在它們的前面,。如：Both my parents like this film. Both the /these boys are tall. ③all用作主語、表語,、賓語,、定語、同位語,，指“全部的”,、“整個的”,，可與可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用,，除少數(shù)情況外，一般不與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用,，與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用時,，表示“所有的”、“全部的”,，指三個或三個以上的人或物,。 He gave me all the money.他把全部的錢給了我。 All the schools are flooded.所有的學(xué)校都被淹了,。 I told him all about it. 我把一切都告訴了他,。 That’s all for today.今天就在這兒。 They have all been to Xi’an.他們都去過西安,。 注意：all 用于否定句,，表示部分否定，完全否定用none,。如： Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants don’t go out for food.)并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物,。 None of the money is mine.這錢一分也不是我的。 （3）many和much many和much都表示“許多”,，但many修飾或代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,，much修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞。它們在句中可作主語,、賓語,、定語。much有時用作狀語,。 （4）few, little; a few, a little few和little表示沒有多少,，含否定意義；而a few 和a little表示有一些,，有幾個,，含肯定意義。另外,，few,、a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞,；little、a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞,。它們在句中常用作定語,、主語和賓語。 （5）no和none no=not any,表示“沒有”,，用來修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,，通常作定語，none代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,；代替可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式,。none還可以在句中作賓語,。 注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人,。 （6）each和every each（各個）,，指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，側(cè)重個體,，在句中作主語,、賓語、定語和同位語,。every（每個）,，指三個或三個以上的人或物，側(cè)重整體,，在句中只能作定語,。 Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定語，強調(diào)班上“所有的人”) Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定語,，強調(diào)各個個體） Each of them has been there.（主語） The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（賓語） We each got a ticket.（同位語） （7）either和neither either是“兩者中任何一個”的意思,，可修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，neither是“兩者中沒有一個”的意思,，可以修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,，它們可在句在作主語、賓語或定語,。如： Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(賓語) Neither boy knows French.(定語) 注意：①either也作副詞,，其意為“也”，用于否定句的句末,。He doesn’like tea, and I don’t either.（狀語）②either與or構(gòu)成連詞,，意為“不是……就是……”或“要么……要么……”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. ③neither用作副詞，意為“也不”,，即“not…either”,。He can’t do it, neither can I. ④neither可與nor構(gòu)成連詞，意為“既不……也不”,。Neither he nor you are a student. （8）other和another, the others 和others the other表示“兩者中的另一個”,；“the other + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞” 表示“其余（他）的……”；the others表示“其他的人或物”,?！皁thers及other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”泛指“其他的（別的）人或物”。這些詞語在句中可作主語,、賓語和定語,。如： He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel. Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow. Some are singing, others are dancing. another修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，意為“（三個或三個以上的）另一個”,，不能指兩者中的另一個,，在句中可作賓語和定語。 This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(賓語) Please give me another book.（定語） 注意：another修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,，意為“再，又”,。如：Please give me another ten minutes. one … another(a second)… a third…the other…意為“一個……一個……一個……一個”用于三者或三者以上的排列,。some…others…others…，意為“一些……一些……一些”,。 【2010考題回顧】 1. （10福建22） When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me? A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 答案：C 考點：考查不定代詞的辨析 解析：句子的意思是當(dāng)你向Mr. John介紹我的時候,，你可以為我說一些好話嗎? A. everything 所有的；B. anything 任何事,；D nothing 什么也沒有 C. something表示一些,， 某些 2.（10上海27） If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves 答案：D 考點：本題考查反身代詞 解析：主語為we，因此應(yīng)為ourselves. depend on oneself:自力更生,。根據(jù)句意,，選D。 3.（10安徽21）You are a team star! Working with_______ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the other 答案：C. 考點：本題考查不定代詞的用法,。 解析：句意為“你是球隊明星,！與他人合作必須是你喜歡做的事?！绷?xí)語“one’s cup of tea” 意為“the type of thing or person that you like”,。 4. （10山東32） Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one 答案:D 考點：本題考查代詞的用法。 解析：句意應(yīng)為“幫助別人是一種習(xí)慣,，一個你在很小時就能學(xué)會的習(xí)慣,。”空格處與前 句中的habit構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系,，所以選擇D項,。句中you can learn even at an early age是省略 了關(guān)系代詞that 的定語從句,，that在定語從句中作learn的賓語使用。 5. （10天津6） in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something 答案：B. 考點：考查復(fù)合不定代詞的用法,。 句意：我一生中什么都沒有我第一次參觀故宮給我的印象更深刻,。 解析：nothing用于句中表示否定意義，而其他三個詞則表示肯定意義,。 6. （陜西12） The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ____ in any other area of the city. A. that B. this C. it D. one 答案：A. 考點：考查代詞,。 解析：所填詞用于比較狀語從句中，指代句子的主語cost,，即指代不可數(shù)名詞,，用that。 This指代下文即將提到的事物,；it指代“同一物”,；one指代“同類中的一個”之意。 7.（10四川7） On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine 答案：C 考點：考查代詞,。 解析： take a photo of sb意為給某人照相,，此處應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格。正確答案為C,。 8. （10全國Ⅱ12） Neither side is prepared to talk to _________unless we can smooth things over between them. A. others B. the other C. another D. one other 答案：B 考點：不定代詞考查,。 解析： Neither含有“兩者都不”之意，一方對應(yīng)另一方,，故用the other指“兩者中的另 一個”,。 9. （10重慶23） He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again. A. neither B. either C. each D. all 答案 B 考點：考查代詞。 解析：由“his temper and health”可以排除C項和D項,，由后面的never表否定,，選either， never either是全部否定,，相當(dāng)于neither ,。 10. （10重慶25） To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products. A. whatever B. who C. whichever D. which 答案A 考點：考查關(guān)系代詞。 解析：這兒_______ used the products,。是個賓語從句,，從句中缺少主語，并且指人,，所 以用whoever. 11（10江西34） Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number. A of B as C by D with 答案：C. 考點：考察介詞 解析：方式方法可以用by也可以用with, by+ n(方式), with+修飾詞+ n(工具). 12（10浙江14） that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. A．One B．All C．Everything D．Anything 答案：B 考點：本題考查不定代詞,。 解析：分析四個選項的意思，根據(jù)語境：重要的是你正在努力并且朝著正確的方向前行,。 從而判斷此處選擇all意思最合適,。 【2011最新模擬演練·代詞考點】 1.【2011·浙江杭州學(xué)軍中學(xué)第二次月考】13. I prefer a flat in the suburb to in downtown , because I want to live near my Mom’s . A考查代詞的用法。此處one替代a flat。 2.【2011·浙江杭州學(xué)軍中學(xué)第二次月考】3. If you can make what the teachers teach ________, you’ll make rapid progress. A. yours B. yourself C. you D. your A考查代詞的用法,。此處為名詞性物主代詞作賓補,。句意：如果你把老師教的變成你的東西，你會取得很大的進步,。 3.【2011·江蘇鹽城摸底】26．It is meeting side effect the new medicine will bring about, although the experts have tried it on about 2,000 patients. A．that B．what C．whether D．which B考查what作定語,。此處what side effect 意為：什么副作用。 4.【2011·高考備考模擬四】23．—What do you think of the performance today? —Great! ______ but a musical genius could perform so successfully. A．All B．None C．Anybody D．Everybody B考查不定代詞,。none but “只有”,，符合句意。 5.【2011·高考備考模擬八】27．When ______ comes to repairing a machine, I have little knowledge of it. A．that B．it C．one D．this B考查習(xí)慣用法,。固定句型 when it comes to sth./doing sth. 表示“當(dāng)……的時候”或“到了……的場合”,。 6.【2011·高考備考模擬八】22．Although he likes playing tennis, he is ______ but a good tennis player. A．a(chǎn)nything B．something C．nothing D．everything A考查不定代詞的用法。anything but 絕不是,；nothing but 正是,，只是。根據(jù)句意：雖然他喜歡打羽毛球,，但他絕不是一名好的羽毛球運動員,。 7.【2011·黃岡中學(xué)單元訓(xùn)練】34．— do you like the film? 一It’s quite different from I saw last Sunday． A．How；that B．What,；that C．What,；the one D．How；the one D考查代詞及語境,。語境：----你認為那部電影怎么樣？----和我上周日看得那部很不一樣,。The one特指“那部電影”,；how do you like。,。,。你認為。,。,。怎么樣？ 8.【2011·高考備考模擬】5．The man had expected to see all his relatives when in hospital,but______,came to see him while many of his friends offered him their help． A．a(chǎn)nyone B．no one C．someone D．none D考查代詞的用法,。此處none一般用來回答有范圍的句子,此處是none of his relatives的省略形式,。none可回答how many、how much提問的問句表示”一個也沒有”,；而no one表示”什么人也沒有”,可回答who提問的問句,。親戚當(dāng)中堤有一個來看他的。 9.【2011·高考備考模擬】2．I stayed there for only two days but ______ felt like two weeks. A．it B．what C．when D．then A考查代詞it的用法。在這兒it替代前面提到的only two days. 10.【2011·江蘇無錫高三上期中】 I have bought a good book, ______ that will surely interest ______ of the students． A. one; everyone B. the one; everyone C. one; every one D. the one; every one C考查代詞的用法,。第一空one和a good book之間是同位語關(guān)系,；第二空意為：使每個學(xué)生都感興趣，每個人every one應(yīng)分寫,。 11.【2011·江西師大附中高三上期中】 Will you see to _____ that my children are taken good care of while I am away? A. it B. me C. yourself D. them A考查代詞的用法,。此處it為形式賓語，后為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,。 12.【2011·江西師大附中高三上期中】Everyone knows that Canada is the second largest country in the world, larger than _____ country in Asia. A. any B. any other C. other D. another A考查代詞的用法,。此處因加拿大不在亞洲范圍內(nèi)，故用any,。 13.【2011·江西南昌三中高三第三次月考】 -Which of the two computer games did you prefer? -Actually I didn’t like____. A. both of them B. either of them C. none of them D. neither of them B考查代詞的用法,。句意：事實上，我哪個也不喜歡,。 14.【2011·山東煙臺高三上模塊檢測】 — Which share is meant for me? — You can take half．They are exactly the same． A．this B．a(chǎn)ny C．each D．either D考查代詞的用法,。語境：---那一部分股份是我的？---你可以拿任何一半,。他們是絕對相同的,。此處either是兩者中的任何一部分。 15.【2011·山東煙臺高三上模塊檢測】 people study Latin today than 50 years ago, and still people study Greek． A．A fewer,；a fewer B．Fewer,；a fewer C．Fewer；fewer D．A fewer,；fewer B考查代詞的用法,。此處fewer是沒多少人；a fewer仍有一點,。
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