前言

申申老師中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法突破系列共8課時(shí)更新-都是我平時(shí)的授課資料

每個(gè)語(yǔ)法講解都是直接引入考點(diǎn)和相關(guān)真題并輔以超詳細(xì)的講解,。不可錯(cuò)過(guò)的學(xué)習(xí)資料。

希望同學(xué)們能好好利用這些學(xué)習(xí)資料

第五章申申老師中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考前突破系列定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)

先簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)習(xí)下從屬連詞

從屬連詞主要用來(lái)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,。常見(jiàn)的狀語(yǔ)從屬連詞有：

(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等,。

(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的if, unless等。

(3)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的because, as, since等,。

(4)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的so that, in order that等,。

(5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的though, although, even if等。

(6)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的so that, so…that, such…that等,。

(7)引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的than, as…as等,。

另外，還有常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)名詞從句的what,which,who,whom,that, if , whether,when ,where,why ,how等,。

好了,，上面先復(fù)習(xí)這么多，那么下面開(kāi)始進(jìn)入本次課主題了。

【申申老師定語(yǔ)從句命題趨勢(shì)與預(yù)測(cè)】

根據(jù)對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句部分全國(guó)各省市中考試題的分析可知,，今后該部分仍將是重點(diǎn)考查點(diǎn)之一,。其考查重點(diǎn)為：

1．定語(yǔ)從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

2．關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

3．各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法

【考點(diǎn)詮釋】

一、考查以that與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1．通常只能用that的情況

1）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all,，few,，little，much,，something,，anything,，nothing,，everything等時(shí)。

2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞,、形容詞的最高級(jí)以及被all,，any，every,，each,，few，little,，no,，some，

the only．the very．the last等修飾時(shí),。

3）如果先行詞既指人又指物,，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that。

1.Without friendship, one can't be happy although he is rich enough. As for me, I will never forget the days __ I spent with my dearest friend. [哈爾濱市]

A. that B. when C. who

[答案]A,。[解析]在定語(yǔ)從句中,，引導(dǎo)詞who(指人)which(指物)that(指人或物)。由先行詞the days作spent的賓語(yǔ)可判定用that引導(dǎo),。

申申老師好題分析只能用that的情況：

2. I can tell you ______ he told me last week.

A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that

選D,，因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,只用that.

3. This is the biggest lab ______ we have ever built in our university.

A. which B. what C. that D. where

選C，因?yàn)橄刃性~lab被最高級(jí)修飾,。

4. Is oxygen the only gas ______ helps fire burn?

A. that B. / C. which D. what

選A,，因?yàn)橄刃性~gas被the only 修飾。

5. It is the third time ______ late this month.

A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived

選C,，因?yàn)橄刃性~time被序數(shù)詞修飾,，同時(shí)本題符合固定句型it is +序數(shù)詞+that從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法。

6. Matter is anything ______

A. that take up space and have weight B. which take up space and have weight

C. that takes up space and has weight D. those take up space and have weight

選C,，本題先行詞是anything 只用that,，同時(shí)考查從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由先行詞決定這一考點(diǎn)。

申申老師點(diǎn)評(píng)，本題有難度,，必須掌握,。

2．通常只用which的情況

(1)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，用關(guān)系代詞which指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容,。

(2)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,，而且先行詞指物時(shí)只能用which，不用that,。

(3)如果句中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,，如果兩個(gè)從句都可以用that引導(dǎo)，那么其中一個(gè)應(yīng)改用which引導(dǎo),。

【考例】Many young people love the songs _________have great lyrics. [成都市]

A. who B. those C. which

[答案]C,。[解析]考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有which,，who,，where，that,，故排除B,，who指人，又排除了A,，先行詞是物,，故選C。

申申老師提示下面習(xí)題對(duì)于初中生來(lái)講略難,，請(qǐng)注意：

1. Air, ______ we breathe every day, is around us all the time.

   A. that B. / C. which D. it

   選C,，因?yàn)槭欠窍拗贫◤模挥胻hat 和it.

2. He has left Beijing, ______ a meeting is to be held.

A. when B. where C. as D. which

選B,，因?yàn)閺木洳蝗鄙俪煞?，先行詞是地點(diǎn)。

3. He must be from Africa, ______ can be seen from his skin.

A. that B. as C. it D. what

選B,，as在非限制定從中翻譯成,，正如。

4. His father died last year, ______ made it impossible for him to go abroad.

A. when B. which C. as D. that

選B,，which代替上文整個(gè)句子含義,。

二、考查以who,，whom與whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

(1)如果先行詞是指人的不定代詞anyone,，anybody，everyone,，everybody,，someone,，somebody，nobody,，one,，ones，those,，all(指人)等作先行詞,，作主語(yǔ)用who，作賓語(yǔ)用whom,。who而不用which,。

(2)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，指人作主語(yǔ)用who,，作賓語(yǔ)用whom,，who。

(3)在定語(yǔ)從句中,，作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞只能用whose,，它相當(dāng)于the+名詞+of +which／whom,；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中還有 “代詞／數(shù)詞+of +which／whom"結(jié)構(gòu),。

【考例The man _________ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist. [廣東省]

A. who B. whose C. which D. whom

[答案]A。[解析]本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞,。先行詞為the man,，指人，排除which,；連接代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),，排除 whose和whom。故本題選who,。

--Do you know the man __is running along the street?--Yes. He is our English teacher. [長(zhǎng)沙市]

A. who B. which C. whom

[答案]A,。[解析]考查定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句,，如果修飾人,，一般用關(guān)系who，有時(shí)用 that(作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用who較多),。

三,、考查關(guān)系副詞where、when與why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

它們相當(dāng)于“介詞+which",，其中where=in／at +which,；when=at／in／during +which；why=for +which,。

(1)關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),，只能在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其修飾的名詞必須是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。

（2）關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),，只能在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),，其修飾的名詞必須是表示時(shí)間的名詞。

(3)關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),，只能在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),，其修飾的名詞必

須是表示原因的名詞。

【考例】 (綿陽(yáng)中考)Disney is an amusement park_____ you can find a11 the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters．

A．which B．where C．that D ．when

答案：B點(diǎn)撥：此題考查定語(yǔ)從句,。先行詞為an amusement park指地點(diǎn),，故關(guān)系詞用where。

五,、對(duì)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的考查

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ),，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以提前,，這樣就出現(xiàn)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”,。先行詞指物，用“介詞+which”,，指人則用“介詞+whom",，且兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞均不能省略。介詞的選擇要遵循兩個(gè)原則：根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定,；根據(jù)先行詞的特殊用法而定,。

【考例】Do you know the young lady ____your mother is talking? (湖北黃石)

A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which

[答案]：C

[命題立意]：本題考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法。

[試題解析]：先行詞為the young lady,，被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talk with 的賓語(yǔ),，介詞with 可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，故應(yīng)選C,。

【如果上面講完了,，還是有些困惑，那么下面定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法回顧啦】

在復(fù)合句中,，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句,。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面,。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞（that, which, who, whom, whose）或關(guān)系副詞(when, where),，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間，起聯(lián)系的作用,，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分,。

二,、關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法(關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略)：

1．that指人或物,，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

This is the pen that you are looking for. 這是你要找的那支鋼筆,。(賓語(yǔ))

The girl that has long hair is my sister.留著長(zhǎng)發(fā)的那個(gè)女孩是我妹妹,。（主語(yǔ)）

2．which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),。

The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well.天津產(chǎn)的自行車銷售很好,。（主語(yǔ)）

The fish which we bought were not fresh.我們買的魚不新鮮。(賓語(yǔ))

3．who, whom指人,，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打碎窗戶的男孩叫Tom. （主語(yǔ)）

The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他談話的那個(gè)人是我父親,。(賓語(yǔ))

4．whose指人或物,，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。

The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新書包的那個(gè)女孩叫Ann,。(指人)

He lives in a house whose widows open to the south.他住在窗戶朝南的那所房子,。(指物)

三、只用which不用that的情況：

1．在介詞后只用which,，不能用that,。

This is the bank in which the robbery happened.這是那所發(fā)生搶劫案的銀行。

2．先行詞本身是that時(shí),，只能用which,，不能用that。

The clock is that which tells the time.鐘表是用來(lái)報(bào)時(shí)的,。

四,、只用that不用which的情況：

1．先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)只能用that,。

This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 這是我所見(jiàn)過(guò)的最美麗的山。

2．先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)只能用that,。

The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我讀的第一本英文小說(shuō)是《39級(jí)臺(tái)階》,。

3.先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, many, the only, the very, the last等修飾詞時(shí)只能用that。

Here are all the books that I have.　這就是我所有的書,。

This is the only book that I like.這是我唯一喜歡的一本書,。

4．先行詞是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that,。

Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的東西,。

5．先行詞同時(shí)含有“人”和“物”的名詞時(shí)，只能用that,。

I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能記得我在房間里看到的人和一些圖畫,。

6．先行詞是the one時(shí)，只能用that,。

This is the one that you want.　這就是你想要的,。

7．在以who引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句后，為了避免重復(fù),，只能用that,。

Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？

五,、在介詞后只能用whom,，不能用who。

The girl to whom I talked just now is fromAmerica. 我剛剛與之談話的那個(gè)女孩是來(lái)自美國(guó)的,。

六,、定語(yǔ)從句中主謂一致的問(wèn)題：

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致(我們要知道,，關(guān)系代詞所代指的就是先行詞,，這里有一個(gè)等量關(guān)系)。

Tom is one of the boys who are from theUSA. Tom是眾多來(lái)自美國(guó)的男孩中的一個(gè),。

Tom is the only boy that is from theUSA. Tom是惟一從美國(guó)來(lái)的男孩,。

七、定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞與副詞的問(wèn)題：

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),，如果定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),，要加介詞或副詞。(定語(yǔ)從句中的不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成固定的及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后,，不能把介詞或副詞提前到關(guān)系代詞前,。)

He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我們?nèi)ツ暾疹櫟哪莻€(gè)老人。

That is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的書,。

八,、關(guān)系副詞when與where的使用：

1．when指時(shí)間：

I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)的那段時(shí)光,。

2．where指地點(diǎn)(where=in等介詞＋which)：

This is the house where(=in which) he lived last year.這是他去年住的房子。

九,、定語(yǔ)從句與作定語(yǔ)的①動(dòng)詞不定式,、②介詞短語(yǔ)、③現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ),、④過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換：

She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有許多要做的工作,。

The man in the car is Mr. Green.=The man who is in the car is Mr. Green.在車上的人是格林先生。

The girl watering flowers there is my sister.=The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister.在澆花的女孩是我妹妹,。

The boy saved in the river has come back to life.= The boy who was saved in the river has come back to life.從河里救起的男孩蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)了,。

【語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)】

1. --Do you like the pop singer?--No, I prefer the singer __________can sing folk music.

A. which B. who C. where D. how

2. The man _________is wearing a blue jacket is Jim's uncle.

A. who B. whom C. which D. /

3．Do you know the young lady ____your mother is talking?

A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which

4． ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?---Yes, he does.

A. which B. whose C. where D. who

5．The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.

A. who B. where C. what D. that

6．---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?---He has gone back to Qinghua University.

A. whom B. who C. whose D. which

7．I hate people _______ talk much but do little.

A. whose B. whom C. which D. who

8．I'm looking at the photograph ___ you sent me with your letter.

A. who B. whom C. which D. it

9．I hate people don’t help others when they are in trouble.

A．who B．which C．they

10． --Barbara, where do you work?--I work for a company _________sells cars.

A. which B. where C. what D. who

11．Do you know the young lady ____your mother is talking?

A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which

12．The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.

A. who B. where C. what D. that

【參考答案】

1．B[解析]考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的掌握。定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞是人時(shí)用who引導(dǎo),。

2．A．[解析]考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句,。 先行詞是人且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用who引導(dǎo),。

3．C．[解析]本題考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法,。先行詞為the young lady，被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talk with 的賓語(yǔ),，介詞with 可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前,，故應(yīng)選C。

4．D．[解析]本題考查引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇,。 因?yàn)橄刃性~是人,，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以只有who合適,。

5．D．[解析]本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇,。因?yàn)橄刃性~是物，而關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),，所以只有that合適,。

6． B．[解析]本題考查引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人,，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以只有who合適,。

7．D．[解析]本題考查引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的選擇,。因?yàn)橄刃性~是人，而關(guān)系代詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),，所以只有who合適,。

8． C．[解析]本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法。句中的先行詞是the photograph,，同時(shí)在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),，故關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which,。其答案為：C。

9． A．[解析]本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的用法,。句中的先行詞是people,，同時(shí)在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who,。其答案為：A,。

10．A．[解析]作定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，which可修飾物,，who指代人,，that指人或物。定語(yǔ)從句修飾company,，選用which,。

11。答案C 解析：先行詞為the young lady,，被關(guān)系代詞whom代替在從句中作talk with 的賓語(yǔ),，介詞with 可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，故應(yīng)選C,。

12．答案D 解析： 因?yàn)橄刃性~是物,，而關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，所以只有that合適,。

本系列一共8大章節(jié),，今天是第五更。