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一,、概述
狀語從句(adverbial clause)在句中作狀語，可修飾主句中的動詞,、形容詞和副詞等,。狀語從句由從屬連詞引導。狀語從句可放在句首或句末,。放在句首時,，從句后面常用逗號；放在句末時,，從句前面往往不用逗號,。
When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.
當飛機抵達時，一部分偵探等在主樓里面,，而另一部分則等在停機坪上,。
When I came home， my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家時,，妻子在做晚飯,。
Though he was poor， he was happy. 雖然他很窮卻很快樂,。
If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你向他請求,，他會幫助你。
Since you ask, I will tell you. 你既然問，我就告訴你,。
I can't tell you when you won't listen. 既然你不想聽,，我就不告訴你了。
He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. 他不再試了,，其實他可能下一次就成功,。
二、引導狀語從句的連詞分類
狀語從句根據(jù)它們的含義分為時間,、地點,、原因、目的,、結果,、方式、讓步,、條件,、比較等九種。
三,、時間狀語從句
1、 引導時間狀語從句從屬常用連詞例析
常用來引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有:when(當……的時候),，whenever(每當),，after(在……之后)，before(在……之前),，as(當…… ;一邊……一邊),，as soon as/hardly…when/no sooner…than(一……就……)，while(在……期間),，till/until(直到),，since(自從)，once(一旦……就……),。如果主句是一般將來時,，在時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時。since 所引導的從句一般要用非延續(xù)性動詞,，主句用完成時態(tài),。
Don’t be afraid of asking for help when it is needed. 如果你需要時別不敢求援。
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as Father was away in France.媽媽很擔心,，因為小愛麗絲病了,，尤其是在爸爸遠在法國的這個時候。
What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你見面以后,，你在做什么,？
-What was the party like?晚會怎么樣？
-Wonderful. It's years since I enjoyed myself so much.好極了,。多年了我從未如此高興,。
Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.直到河里的魚都死了村民們才意識到污染的嚴重性。
-I'm going to the post office． 我要到郵局去,。
-While you are there,，can you get me some stamps？你在那時,，能給我買些郵票嗎,？
Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up before I could answer the telephone.有人半夜給我打電話，但是我還沒來得及接他們就掛斷了,。
He had no sooner got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.他一到實驗室就著手工作,。
I'll go to the cinema after I've finished the work. 完成作業(yè)后，我將去看電影,。
I'll give you a phone as soon as I come back. 我一回來就給你打電話,。
I haven't heard from Tom since May. 自從五月份以來我就沒有收到湯姆的信。
He worked till midnight.他一直工作到深夜,。
Come to see me whenever you like.不論何時,，只要你高興就可以來見我。
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.他剛一到, 她就開始抱怨起來,。
2,、while, when, whenever和as的用法比較
（1）while
常表示一段較長的時間或一個過程，強調主句的動詞和從句的動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)是同時發(fā)生的,。它不能表示一時性或短暫的動作,。
Don't talk so loud while( as) others are working.別人工作時，請勿大聲說話,。
While he was eating, I asked him to lend me $2.當他正在吃飯時,我請他借給我二英鎊,。
We should strike while the iron is hot.我們要趁熱打鐵。
（2）when
引導的時間狀語從句,，可指時間的一點,，也可以指一段時間，從句的謂語動詞可用終止性動詞,，也可用持續(xù)性動詞,。when引導的從句表示的具體的時間，從句的動作和主句的動作可以同時,，也可以先于主句的動作,。Whenever指任何一個不具體的時間。
It was raining when we arrived. 我們到達時,，天正下著雨,。（動作同時，指時間點）
When you read the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.當你再讀一遍這首詩，你就更清晰它的含意,。（動作有先后,，指時間點，不能用while）
Come whenever you like. 你愛什么時候來就什么時候來,。
（3）as
用as時主句和從句的動作往往同時發(fā)生,，具有延伸意義，一般同延續(xù)性動詞連用,，有時可譯作“一邊…一邊…”,。
As time went on, his theory proved to be correct.隨著時間的推移，他的理論被證明是正確的,。
As we walked, we talked.我們邊走邊談,。
As（when）he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.他講話結束的時候，聽眾掌聲雷動,。（指一點時間不能用while）
有時名詞every time(每次)，the next time(下一次),，the next day(第二天),，the moment(一……就……)， the instant, the second, the year等,，也可起從屬連詞的作用,，引導時間狀語從句。
—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her,？你記著還給瑪麗的欠款了嗎,？
—Yes．I gave it to her the moment I saw her．是的。我一見到她就還給她了,。
I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次見她就對她印象很好并認為她很誠實,。
Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor.你每一次晚上回來，都把鞋子丟在地板上,。
I didn't have a penny the last time I saw you.上一次見你時,，我身無分文。
4,、副詞作連詞用引導時間狀語從句
有些副詞如instantly, immediately,，instantly，directly, presently等也可起從屬連詞的作用,，引導時間狀語從句,，表示"一……就……"的意思。
I recognized her instantly I saw her.我一看見她就把她認出來了,。
The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.那位年輕女士一聽到響聲就沖進房間,。
Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet.校長一進來,，大家就安靜下來。
5,、since和before的用法比較
兩者均可用于“It+ be...+since/before-從句”的句型,。區(qū)別在于since表示“自從……以來”，所在主,、從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)關系是:It is/has been sometime since sb. did sth.。而before的含義是 “(過了多久)才……”,，主,、從句的時態(tài)關系是:It was/had been some time before sb. did sth.。表過去和將來時,，兩者相應的句型分別是:It was some time since sb. had done sth.和It will be some time before sb. does sth.
It is 30 years since he joined the revolution. 他參加革命己三十年了,。
It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回來。
It was not long before he came back. 不久他就會來了,。
四,、地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句一般由where(在……地方; 那里)，wherever(無論哪里)和everywhere(在……每一個地方)引導,。
After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre. 戰(zhàn)后,，一所新學校在以前的劇院處建成。
You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. 你應當養(yǎng)成慣例,，將東西放在你能找到的地方,。
She found her calculator where she lost it. 他在她丟的地方找到了計算器。
Everywhere they went, the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed.貴賓每到一處都受到了熱烈的歡迎,。
Sit wherever you like.請隨便坐,。
You can take it with you wherever you go.不論走到什么地方，你都可隨身攜帶它,。
注意：where除了表示地點外,，還可以表示條件、對比和讓步,。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成,。（條件）
We want to stay at home, where children would rather spend the holiday in the country.我們想留在家里，而孩子們卻愿到鄉(xiāng)間度假,。（對比）
Wherever I went, the dog followed me. 無論我走到哪里,，這只狗總跟著我。（讓步）
五,、原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句一般由because(因為),，since(既然)，as(由于),，now that(既然,，因為)等連詞引導
1,、because, since, as, for和now that引導原因狀語從句
（1）because
表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的語氣最強,，常表示必然的因果關系,。回答以why引起的特殊疑問句,，只能用because,。
Jane wore a raincoat because it was raining.因為天下雨，所以詹穿著雨衣,。
He is absent today because he is ill.他今天缺課,，因為他病了。
（2）since
表示對方已經知曉,、無須加以說明的原因或事實,，語氣比because稍弱。
I'll do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙,，我來替你做吧,。
Since you insist, I'll go.既然你堅持，那我就去,。
Since you have seen both fighters, who do you think will win?既然兩個拳擊手你都見了,，你認為誰會贏？
（3）as
表示的往往是十分明顯的原因,，聽者或讀者已經知道或能看得出來,，語氣較弱，只附帶說明,，比較口語化,。
We had better hurry as it's getting dark.因為天快要黑了，我們最好快點,。
As you object, I'll change the plan.由于你反對,，我將改變計劃。
As it is raining, I'll not go out. 因為正在下雨,，我就不出去了,。
（4）for
for是并列連詞，它引導的分句不表示直接的原因,，而是用來附帶解釋或說明前面一句的情況,。for引導的分句常位于第一分句之后，它們之間用逗號隔開,。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚準是下雨了,，今天早上地面還是濕的。
The day breaks, for the birds are singing.小鳥在歌唱,，一定是天亮了,。
（5）now that
意為“既然”,，與since同義，但更突出事實本身,。
Now that you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 既然你有了機會,，你要充分利用它。
Now that everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都來了,，我們就開始開會吧,。
Now that I am well again, I can go on with my work.我既然恢復了健康，那就可以繼續(xù)工作了,。
2,、seeing that, considering that和in that引導原因狀語從句
這幾個連詞同since, as 近義，都有“鑒于某個事實,，原因”是之意。
Considering that he's only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.鑒于他只學了一年,， 他英語講得就是很好,。
Seeing that he was ill, they sent for the doctor.鑒于他病情嚴重，他們派人請醫(yī)生,。
In that she is ill, she feels unable to do it.因為病了,，她覺得不能做那件事。
3,、not that…but that…引導原因狀語從句
這是一種加強語氣的表示原因的結構,，意為“不是因為，而是因為”
Not that I don't like the film, but that I have no time for it.不是因為我不喜歡這部電影,，而是因為我沒時間看,。
The soldier's essential honor was not that he killed his enemy, but that he was willing to die.軍人的真正光榮不是殺敵，而是不惜犧牲,。
六,、目的狀語從句
1、that,，so that,，in order that引導目的狀語從句
John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. 約翰把其他人關在廚房外,，目的是能夠為晚會烹飪出人意料的東西,。
These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 這些人甘冒生命危險，是為了讓我們活得更安全些,。
Drive carefully (so) that everyone can enjoy a long life.開車小心點,，讓大家多活幾年。
辨析：in order that引導的狀語從句可以放在句首,、與句尾,，而so that 引導的只能放在句尾；如果從句主語與主句主語一致都可轉換成不定式,。
She went downtown so that/in order that she would buy some clothes.= She went downtown so as to /in order to buy some clothes.為了買些衣服她進城,。
In order that he could make himself understood, he explained it again.= In order to make himself understood, he explained it again.為了讓大家理解，他又解釋了一遍,。
2,、lest, for fear that和in case引導目的狀語從句
這三個連詞詞組的意思是“以防，以免”,。lest的從句一般要用虛擬語氣,，形式是“should+動詞原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case從句一般用虛擬語氣,，但有時也可以用陳述語氣,。
I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得順著她，免得她生氣,。
Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太陽很利害,，你就把帽子戴上。
七,、結果狀語從句
1,、so that，so…that, such…that引導結果狀語從句
So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.我感到在講英語的國家里生活太難了,，因此我決定學好英語,。
He worked hard so that he passed the exam. 他學習很努力，結果通過了考試,。
The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again. 電影很精彩以致于我們還想看一次,。
He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep.他講了那么長時間，人們開始打起瞌睡了,。
2,、so…that與such…that的區(qū)別
這兩種結構都可引導結果狀語從句。so是副詞,，后接形容詞或副詞,；such是形容詞，后接名詞,。
（1）單數(shù)名詞
在so...that與such...that中間出現(xiàn)的是單數(shù)名詞,，且該名詞前有形容詞修飾時,，這兩種結構可互換，但要注意它們的詞序不同:such+ a/an+形容詞十名詞=so+形容詞+a/an+名詞,。
She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.= She is so good a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老師,，我們都敬愛她。
（2）不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
如果被修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時,，一般須用such...that,。
He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他進步很快，不久就開始用英語寫文章,。(不可數(shù)名詞)
They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.這些書是那么有趣以致我們都想讀一讀,。(復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)
（3）名詞前有many，much,，little,，few修飾時
如果不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有many，much,，little,，few修飾時，則用so…that,。
I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤,，周身青一塊紫一塊的,。(復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)
George had so little money that he had to get a job.喬治沒有錢,，所以他不得不找工作干。(不可數(shù)名詞)
They are such little children that they can't do anything.他們是小孩,，什么事情都干不了,。
巧記so和such引導結果狀語從句
名前such，形,、副so,，多多少少也用so。little屬特殊,，“小”用such,，“少”用so。
3,、but, but that 和but what
如果主句中含有never, never so, not so, not such等否定詞,，可用but, but that 和but what引導結果狀語從句，構成雙重否定,，相當于that…not或unless,，可以譯成“沒有……不”。
She never comes but she borrows. She never comes unless she borrows.她不借東西不來,。
She is so old but that she can read.她并未老到不能讀書的地步,。
There is no man so learned but what he can learn something from this book.再博學的人都會本書學到一些東西,。
4、如何判斷so that引導的目的狀語從句與結果狀語從句
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來自： 昵稱17105374 > 《英語初中》
