say,，speak，talk,，tell 之間差異Say,，speak, talk和tell是中考英語(yǔ)常考動(dòng)詞,。Say,， speak ，talk與tell 都有說(shuō)的意思,。但它們的用法不同,。怎么樣區(qū)分其用法和搭配就成了初中生學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中的一大難題。現(xiàn)幫你完整歸納其之間的異同，讓你不再煩惱,。 1.tell 告訴,，講(及物動(dòng)詞) , 指某人把某一件事、一條信息傳送給別人或講述一件事,。如： ?、?tell sb. to do sth. / tell sb. not to do sth. David told his son to do the homework. 大衛(wèi)要他的兒子去做作業(yè)。 My mother tells me to buy some fruit.我媽媽讓我買(mǎi)些水果,。 He told me not to bring you anything. 他告訴我不要給你任何東西,。 Tell him not to be late. 告訴他不要遲到。 ?、?tell意為"告訴,，對(duì)……說(shuō)"。作及物動(dòng)詞,，常用作tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 意為“告知某人某事”,。例如： I can't tell the bad news to you.=I can't tell you the bad news.我不能告訴你這個(gè)壞消息。 Did you tell her the news?=Did you tell the news to her?你把這個(gè)消息告訴她了嗎? He told me something about his past. 他告訴我一些他的往事,。 ③當(dāng)tell的賓語(yǔ)是a person / a game / a success時(shí),，須用tell about,。即：tell sb. about sth. (后常跟某人)。例如： She tells us about her aunt / about the game / about her success.她經(jīng)常對(duì)我們談起她的姑母 / 那場(chǎng)比賽 / 她的成功,。 ?、?tell還專(zhuān)指講故事，說(shuō)謊,。例如： tell a story講故事 tell a lie說(shuō)謊 tell the time "報(bào)時(shí)" Father always tells interesting stories to us. 爸爸總是給我們講有趣的故事,。 He tells me that he wants to be a teacher. 他告訴我說(shuō)他想成為一位教師。 2.say 說(shuō) ?、?say是"講,，說(shuō)"的意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話內(nèi)容,。一般作及物動(dòng)詞,，常用于直接引述所說(shuō)的話或間接敘述所說(shuō)的話。例如： He can say his name.他會(huì)說(shuō)他的名字,。 Say it in English (及物動(dòng)詞,，后跟賓語(yǔ)it) Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英語(yǔ)再說(shuō)一遍嗎?(及物動(dòng)詞，后跟賓語(yǔ)it) He says, “It's great.”他說(shuō)："好極了,。" “I don't know,”she says.(BI,P102)她說(shuō),，“我不知道?！?/FONT> Everybody said it was a good film.人人都說(shuō)這是一部好電影,。 He says that he saw the man yesterday.他說(shuō)昨天我看見(jiàn)這個(gè)人了,。 ②say to sb. “對(duì)......說(shuō)”(不及物動(dòng)詞),。如： He said to his students that they would have a test. 他對(duì)他的學(xué)生說(shuō)他們將有一個(gè)測(cè)試,。 ③It is said that... 意為“據(jù)說(shuō)”,。如： It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time. 據(jù)說(shuō)他能呆在水里很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,。 3.speak ①speak講話,發(fā)言(不及物動(dòng)詞), speak at the meeting 在會(huì)議上發(fā)言 He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在會(huì)上講了話,。
The baby is learning to speak.這個(gè)孩子正在學(xué)說(shuō)話,。(即：表示會(huì)說(shuō)話的能力) ②speak to sb. (不及物動(dòng)詞)意為“和.....講話,、談話”,。 Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和張先生講話嗎? She is speaking to her teacher. 她正在跟她的老師說(shuō)話。 I`ll speak to him. 我要跟他談?wù)劇?/FONT> ?、踫peak (及物動(dòng)詞),，后面主要接語(yǔ)言。如： speak English speak Chinese說(shuō)漢語(yǔ) speak French說(shuō)法語(yǔ) He can speak a lot of languages He can speak English and a little Chinese. 他能講英語(yǔ)和一點(diǎn)漢語(yǔ),。 表示說(shuō)到什么人或事,，須用介詞about of on引出的短語(yǔ)。如： The book speaks of my hometown. 那本書(shū)提到我的家鄉(xiāng),。(speak of 意為“提到,、說(shuō)起”, speak of something/somebody談到某事(某人)) They all spoke on folk music. 他們就民間音樂(lè)講了話。 4.talk 談話(不及物動(dòng)詞) ?、賢alk about sth.(談?wù)撃呈? 如： They are talking about the movie/ film. 他們?cè)谡務(wù)撃遣侩娪啊?/FONT> Let's not talk about it now.這事咱們現(xiàn)在別談了,。 ②talk with /to sb.(和某人交談) ,。如果只有一方對(duì)另一方說(shuō)話時(shí),，一般用 talk to;如果雙方或多方交談，多用 with,。如： Please talk to him right now. 請(qǐng)立即同他談話,。 He is talking with his friend. 他在和朋友交談。 speak to和 talk to可以通用,，都表示“和......談話”,。例如： They are speaking/talking to a foreign friend.他們正在和一位外國(guó)朋友談話。 ?、踙ave a talk with 意為“與......交談”,。如： Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交談嗎?(talk n.談話) ④ give a talk做報(bào)告 have a talk聽(tīng)報(bào)告 (talk n.報(bào)告) 5.注意習(xí)慣表達(dá)： (1) 表示“演說(shuō)”、“演講”,、“發(fā)言”等,，一般用 speak 。如： Who is going to speak at the meeting? 誰(shuí)將在會(huì)上發(fā)言,？ (2) 表示“講故事”,、“說(shuō)謊”等，一般用 tell,。如： He often tells us interesting stories. 他經(jīng)常給我們講有趣的故事,。 (3) 表示“說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言”，一般用 speak (及物),。如： Do you speak French? 你會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)嗎? 注：偶爾用動(dòng)詞 talk 表示“說(shuō)”某種語(yǔ)言,，但很少見(jiàn)。 (4) 在某些搭配中,，有時(shí)可有多種表達(dá),。如： say [speak] a word 說(shuō)句話 say [tell, speak] the truth 講真話 經(jīng)典例題： 練習(xí)一： 1. Did he _____ it in English? A. tell B. speak C. say D. talk 選C.say。他能夠用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)它嗎,？因?yàn)閟peak后面應(yīng)該直接接語(yǔ)言,talk必須是talk about,talk to,talk with.等. 2. The teacher _____ us to finish the homework in time. A. tells B. speaks C. says D. talks 選A. tells ,。老師對(duì)我們說(shuō)要及時(shí)完成家庭作業(yè)。 on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) in time 及時(shí) 練習(xí)二：選用 say speak talk tell 的適當(dāng)形式填空,。 1. He ____ he is busy. says 2. ″What language do you ______﹖″ ″ I ______ Chinese.″ speak speak 3. The teacher is ______ loudly to the students. speaking 4. She is _____ with her classmates. talking 5. Please ______ me the news. tell 通過(guò)以上的學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)鞏固,，相信你已經(jīng)對(duì)say，speak,，talk，tell其用法有了更深入的認(rèn)識(shí),。多學(xué)多用才能真正掌握,，一定要認(rèn)真理會(huì)，準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用,。 |
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