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【8年各款火花塞銷售經(jīng)驗累積】: 經(jīng)過經(jīng)驗總結(jié),
發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎所謂報告火花塞"故障"的起因, 都同火花塞的安裝方法有很大或者就是直接的關(guān)系, 現(xiàn)在再次大面積篇幅介紹: 針對不同結(jié)構(gòu)不同型號火花塞的正確安裝方法,
以及從各個火花塞公司網(wǎng)站上摘錄的火花塞的故障示意描述和大概成因解釋:
火花塞安裝時候, 需要特別注意, 現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)不斷的引入新的車型, 隨著新車型的進(jìn)入中國, 各種新的火花塞不斷進(jìn)入,
打破了以前只有大方/小方火花塞的局面, 尤其是不帶墊圈的錐面的火花塞, 國內(nèi)的好多小工依然使用原來安裝大方/小方火花塞的力量來安裝火花塞, 用盡蠻力,
無形中給火花塞日后的使用帶來隱患. 所以這里特別需要強調(diào)的是: 良好的正確的安裝是保證長期火花塞使用的前提條件之一, 尤其是安裝力矩需要把握好,
方能全面體現(xiàn)火花塞產(chǎn)品的魅力:
第一部分, 火花塞安裝力矩如果沒有按照規(guī)定后帶來的危害:
Plug torque settings It is essential to
tighten a spark plug to the specified turning angle or torque setting. This is
for a number of reasons, over tightening can cause; 1) Damage to the threads in
the cylinder head (especially aluminum heads). 2) Damage the threads of the
spark plug. 3) Damage the internal seal of a spark plug allowing combustion
chamber blow-by. Under tightening of the spark plug can cause plug overheating
and possibly pre-ignition. This is because one of the primary purposes of the
spark plug is to remove heat from the combustion chamber, it does so by
transferring that heat to the engine head. If the plug is not properly tighten
it will not have sufficient contact with the head to transfer that heat. Proper
tightening procedure is described below. Screw in the spark plug finger tight
until the gasket meets the cylinder head. Then seat the plug/gasket with a
torque or turning angle wrench as specified in the chart below. Spark plug type
Thread Diameter Cast Iron Cylinder Head (lb-ft.) Aluminum Cylinder Head
(lb-ft.)
Flat seat type (with gasket) 18 ?mm
25.3~32.5 25.3~32.5
14 ?mm 18.0~25.3
18.0~21.6
12 ?mm 10.8~18.0
10.8~14.5
10 ?mm 7.2~10.8
7.2~8.7
8 ?mm -- 5.8~7.2
Conical seat type (without gasket) 18 ?mm 14.5~21.6
14.5~21.6
Conical seat type (without gasket)
14 ?mm 10.8~18.0 7.2~14.5
上面這段文字主要表明,over tightening
過量使用力量安裝火花塞會帶來的危害:
1) Damage to the threads in the cylinder head
(especially aluminum heads).損害發(fā)動機氣缸蓋鑼紋(尤其是鋁制發(fā)動機)
2) Damage the threads of the spark
plug.損害火花塞的螺紋
3) Damage the internal seal of a spark plug allowing
combustion chamber blow-by. 損害火花塞的內(nèi)部密封,而造成燃燒室壓力泄露,
從而造成發(fā)動機不穩(wěn)定而抖動...
另外: 除了過量使用力量安裝火花塞以外, 如果沒有足夠的力量安裝火花塞的話, 同樣會帶來危害: Under
tightening of the spark plug can cause plug overheating and possibly
pre-ignition. 沒有使用足夠的力量來安裝火花塞的話容易帶來火花塞過熱和燃燒室預(yù)燃燒This is because one of the
primary purposes of the spark plug is to remove heat from the combustion
chamber, it does so by transferring that heat to the engine head. If the plug is
not properly tighten it will not have sufficient contact with the head to
transfer that heat. Proper tightening procedure is described below.原因簡單的說,
火花塞散熱的設(shè)計主要是*火花塞和氣缸接觸的傳導(dǎo)散熱來完成的. 如果火花塞安裝的時候沒有足夠擰緊,那火花塞和氣缸的接觸就不是足夠的好,
而無法高效率的完成傳導(dǎo)熱量, 從而火花塞過熱...
顯而易見, 使用合適的安裝力矩來安裝火花塞是很重要的前提, 如果沒有使用正確的安裝力矩來安裝火花塞,
很容易為后續(xù)火花塞的使用帶來隱患.長時間使用后, 火花塞容易出現(xiàn)發(fā)動機低速抖動,熄火,燃燒不良,過熱等問題..
所以需要特別注意..
下面講解如何正確的力量/力矩來安裝火花塞..
下面來介紹如何使用正確的力矩來安裝火花塞.
1, 當(dāng)然最好的方法就是用力矩扮手來安裝火花塞
2, 不過幾乎很少有地方有力矩扮手, 不過沒關(guān)系,
沒有同樣也能正確安裝火花塞.
這里使用NGK火花塞公司針對沒有力矩扮手如何正確安裝的官方介紹:
連接: http://www./english/techinfo/qa/q18/index.html
NGK介紹如下:
| For
reference |
When
it is difficult to use a torque wrench, or when you don't have a torque wrench,
tighten the spark plug to the tightening angle shown in the illustration in
accordance with the thread diameter of the spark
plug. |
很多地方都沒有力矩扳手的. 如何辦呢, 參考下面的說明
 |
Spark
plugs with thread diameter of 18 and 14 mm
|  |
|
Spark
plugs with thread diameter of 12 and 10 mm
|  |
|
Spark
plugs with thread diameter of 8 mm
|  |
|
Taper
seat type
|
| New
plugs |
Reused |
About 1/16 rotations
(22.5°) |
About 1/16 rotations
(22.5°) |
|
上面講解非常清楚, 通常在中國大陸地區(qū), 一般汽車用的火花塞只有上面3種
1,
14螺紋,
平面帶墊圈的火花塞, (這種火花塞非常常見, 比如小方火花塞, 比如大眾/奧迪等幾乎很多車都用的火花塞),
他的安裝力矩的方法是: 對于第一次裝火花塞, 當(dāng)螺紋剛好吃到氣缸蓋盡頭的時候, 剛覺得吃力的時候, 再擰緊1/2到2/3圈;
對于重復(fù)安裝該火花塞, 當(dāng)螺紋剛好吃到氣缸蓋盡頭的時候, 剛覺得吃力的時候, 再擰緊1/12圈;
2,
12-10螺紋, 平面帶墊圈的火花塞, (這種火花塞不常見,
甚至說很少見, 比如西耶那1.3SPEEDGEAR用的火花塞), 他的安裝力矩的方法是: 對于第一次裝火花塞, 當(dāng)螺紋剛好吃到氣缸蓋盡頭的時候,
剛覺得吃力的時候, 再擰緊1/2圈; 對于重復(fù)安裝該火花塞, 當(dāng)螺紋剛好吃到氣缸蓋盡頭的時候, 剛覺得吃力的時候,
再擰緊1/12圈;
3,
8螺紋, 平面帶墊圈的火花塞, (這種火花塞罕見, 這里就不談了..)
4,
這里有種火花塞比較特殊, TAPER SEAT TYPE, 也就是錐面不帶墊圈的火花塞,
(這種火花塞現(xiàn)在越來越常見, 比如馬自達(dá)3/2.0, 福克思, 別克, 馬自達(dá)6,
致勝等等, 現(xiàn)在越來越多的車使用這種類型不帶墊圈的火花塞), 這種火花塞需要特別注意,
他和我們的小工平時接觸的火花塞差別比較大, 他的安裝力矩的方法是: 對于第一次裝火花塞, 當(dāng)螺紋剛好吃到氣缸蓋盡頭的時候, 剛覺得吃力的時候, 再擰緊1/16圈; 對于重復(fù)安裝該火花塞,
當(dāng)螺紋剛好吃到氣缸蓋盡頭的時候, 剛覺得吃力的時候, 再擰緊1/16圈... 1/16圈并不大的. 如果安裝過力,
則容易帶來過量安裝.. 需要特別注意..
切記:
這是DENSO電裝公司的關(guān)于安裝的特別說明:
http://www./installationguide.php
此主題相關(guān)圖片如下：
|
這是火花塞安裝方法和力量不當(dāng), 對火花塞帶來的損害的實際范例:
連接: http://www./english/techinfo/troubleshooting/06/index.html
| If, because of the
construction of the engine, the position of the spark plugs makes it difficult
to fit or remove them (or even to see them), the plug wrench may tilt off-axis
or slip. If the wrench slips and its inside wall strikes the ribbing on the
plug's insulator, or its terminal, the insulator may break. |
Photo
1
|
| 1) |
If the plug
wrench slips and its inside wall strikes the insulator ribbing (see "1." in the
illustration), the insulator may be broken as shown in Photo 2. The location of
the break may not be visible (inside the metal shell) as shown in Photo
3. |
| 2) |
Alternatively, if
the inside wall of the plug wrench strikes the terminal (see "2." in the
illustration) the insulator may crack from the tip as shown in Photo 4. |
|
| Note: |
Since this kind of problem is most likely to occur
with engines where fitting and removing spark plugs is difficult (where plug
changes are accomplished by feeling by hand), you can prevent trouble by using a
sturdy wrench and performing the operation carefully in such
cases. | |
|
|
安裝火花塞力量不對, 損害火花塞螺紋,
連接: http://www./english/techinfo/troubleshooting/05/index.html
The
tightening torque for spark plugs varies depending on the thread diameter of the
plug. If a plug is tightened with a torque exceeding the recommended torque, the
thread could break. See Photo 1.
|
Photo
1:  |
| 1) |
Apart from overtightening, another
possible cause of a thread break in a plug is the application of an anti-seizure
agent or oil when fitting the plug, since this lowers the friction resistance
and means that the thread can be turned more than necessary.
Never use an anti-seizure agent or oil.
|
| 2) |
When fitting a spark plug, use a
torque wrench and tighten it with the recommended torque.
For situations where it is not possible to use the
list of recommended torques and a torque wrench, the turning angles to achieve
correct tightening are also given below. |
| Plug
thread diameter |
Tightening
torque |
| 18mm |
35 - 40N · m(3.5 - 4.0kgm) |
| 14mm |
25 - 30N · m(2.5 - 3.0kgm) |
| 12mm |
15 - 20N · m(1.5 - 2.0kgm) |
| 10mm |
10 - 12N · m(1.0 - 1.2kgm) |
| 8mm |
8 - 10N · m(0.8 -
1.0kgm) |
| |
Tightening
torque |
Taper seat type
(plug with no
gasket) |
10 - 20N ·
m(1.0 - 2.0kgf-m) |
|
|
Photo
4 (terminal)
|
實際使用中, 由于不正確的處理, 包括不正確的安裝火花塞,
隨意去更改火花塞間隙等等, 使得本來好好的火花塞, 隱患連連, 含冤受辱的被認(rèn)為是"有問題的"火花塞.. 所以這里還是要強調(diào), 對于汽車配件來說,
良好/正確的安裝才是確保汽車配件正確使用很關(guān)鍵的一步..
這里引用NGK的介紹, 看看不正確使用火花塞后, 會有什么樣,
各色各樣的所謂火花塞問題
連接http://www./english/techinfo/troubleshooting/index.html
這里再強調(diào)一下: 由于火花塞安裝不當(dāng), 導(dǎo)致泄露的問題.
這里泄露情況大概分2種, 絕緣體(電壓)泄露和密封泄露:
1, 因為火花塞是陶瓷+鋼鐵的復(fù)合體,
陶瓷和鋼鐵屬于完全不同的兩種物質(zhì), 他們之間的結(jié)合處是需要強大密封的, 如果密封破壞, 由于發(fā)動機是*燃燒膨脹做功的, 毫無疑義,
密封不好對氣缸里燃燒室的燃燒是不穩(wěn)定的, 會引起燃燒泄露, 從而發(fā)動機抖動也就不足為奇怪了.而這種密封的泄漏, 往往肉眼是根本看不出來的.
僅僅憑借肉眼是無法分辨的.....而實際上陶瓷和鋼鐵的結(jié)合密封處實際上已經(jīng)由于過力量安裝而破壞泄露了..
2, 還有一種, 即使絕緣體泄露..
就是上面的其中這個圖
這里, 由于絕緣體泄露, 有如圖上一樣. 要知道,
發(fā)動機工作的時候的高壓是很高的. 是在上萬伏以上, 當(dāng)絕緣體泄露以后, 高壓是非常引起跑電, 俗稱: 跑火,
或者跑電...一旦由于火花塞的絕緣體泄露而發(fā)生跑電火, 點火能量會降低, 那發(fā)動機自然工作極不平衡, 抖動, 動力下降, 就隨之而來... 所以,
正確的安裝火花塞是非常非常重要的..
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