一、段落基本句型構(gòu)造

1.說明危害段
說明危害段一般出現(xiàn)在對策方法類作文的第二段或是利弊分析類作文的第二段,，其基本的句型構(gòu)造是：先用一句話總述問題的危害或弊端,，這是段落的主題句；然后用3-4句話列舉2-3點具體的危害或弊端,，以支持主題句,；最后再用一句話對這些危害或弊端作出總結(jié)，引出下面對解決方法或觀點的闡述（本句也可能放在下一段的開頭）,。

例
Directions : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reduce Waste on Campus . You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese :
1.目前有些校園內(nèi)浪費現(xiàn)象嚴重,。
2.浪費的危害。
3.倡導(dǎo)從我做起,，杜絕浪費,。

第二段：說明危害段
(1)As everyone sees , this phenomenon prouces harmful effects in many aspects . (2) Above all , the waste of those precious resources , such as water and electricity , will bring great economic loss to our country . (3) Also , as these resources are not inexhaustible , wasting them will be a treat to human's future surival . (4) Besides , our waste will undoubtedly burden our family and society heavily . (5) Therefore , it is high time for us to take effective measures to climinate waste on campus .

2.說明好處段
說明好處段一般出現(xiàn)在說明現(xiàn)象類作文的第二段或是利弊分析類作文的第一段或第二段（具體根據(jù)提綱）,，其基本的句型構(gòu)造是：先用一句話總述問題的好處或優(yōu)點，這是段落的主題句（如果出現(xiàn)在第一段,，該句前面一般還有一句對主題的總述）,；然后用3-4句話列舉2-3點具體的好處或優(yōu)點，以支持主題句,。

例
Directions : For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Pros and Cons of College Students' Taking Part-time Jobs . You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese :
1.分析大學(xué)生做兼職的利與弊,。
2.談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?/p>

第一段：說明好處段
(1) Nowadays many college students take part-time jobs in their spare time . (2) It is no doubt that taking a part-time job brings about several advantages to college students . (3) Above all , part-time jobs provide students with a valuable chance to put their knowledge into practice . (4) Moreover , the experience they get from part-time jobs will preapare them for the future job market . (5) Besides , students can get some money to help unload the burden on their families .

除了說明危害段和說明好處段以外，四級作文中還經(jīng)常涉及說明影響段（大多出現(xiàn)在說明現(xiàn)象類作文中）,，其結(jié)構(gòu)與說明危害段和說明好處段基本相同,，影響的內(nèi)容可能有好有壞，也可能屬于中性（無所謂好壞）,，考生在具體寫作時要注意靈活處理,。

來源：原版英語網(wǎng)