虛擬語氣在英語中是一個比較難的語法點(diǎn),,在中文中并沒有類似的語法。下面,,我們就來講解一下虛擬語氣的用法,,看看在什么情況下使用以及如何使用虛擬語氣,。 虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想,而不表示客觀存在的事實,,所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實,,或與事實相反,。 1.非真實條件句 a. 若表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè),則條件從句中用過去式,,主句中用過去將來式(would,,should,could,,might + 動詞原形),;若表示某事將來實現(xiàn)的可能性不大,則條件從句中用should + 動詞原形也可用“were to+動詞原形”或用過去式動詞,。如: eg. I would certainly go if I had time.(現(xiàn)在) eg. If it should rain,,we wouldn’t go out.(將來) eg. If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你,我馬上就會去,。(我不可能是你,。非真實,虛擬語氣) b. 若表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè),,從句中用過去完成式,,主句中用過去將來完成式(should,would,,could,,might + have + 過去分詞)。如: eg. If I had set off a little earlier,, I would have caught the train. 2.wish 后賓語從句 a. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望,,謂語動詞用過去式 eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實:我根本比不上你) b. 表示與過去事實相反的愿望,,謂語動詞:had+done eg. I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那時就知道這件事情的真相,。(事實:那時還不知道) c. 表示將來難以實現(xiàn)的愿望 謂語動詞: should/would(情態(tài)動詞) + 動詞原形 eg. I wish I should havea chance again. 我希望我還能有一次這樣的機(jī)會。(事實:很難再有這樣的機(jī)會了) 3.目的狀語從句 a. 在for fear that,in case,lest引導(dǎo)的從句中,,若用虛擬語氣時,,從句謂語為:should + do。并且 should能省略 eg. She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍,,以防盜賊的進(jìn)入,。 b. 在so that, in order that 所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中,從句中的謂語為:can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do eg. He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一個字,。 其他用法 1. 一想要( desire ) 一寧愿( prefer ) 一堅持( insist )二命令( order , command ) 三建議( advise , suggest , propose/recommend) 四要求( demand , require , request , ask)中,,無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態(tài),,從句的謂語動詞都用:"should + do"。should可以省略,。 eg. He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice. eg. He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice. 2. 表情緒.觀點(diǎn)的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣.如:necessary,、important、impossible,、natural,、strange、surprising,、funny,、right、wrong,、better,、a pity 、the shame ,no wonder等,。 句型:It is.......that +主語從句,,從句的謂語動詞都要用 should+原型或 只用動詞原型。 eg. Do you think it is necessary that he (should) not be sent to that boarding school. 虛擬語氣真的是一個十分復(fù)雜的語法點(diǎn),,同學(xué)們只有記住它的規(guī)則,,并且經(jīng)常練習(xí)使用,才能把它真正搞懂,。 |
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