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虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望,、假設,、猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實,。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示,，對虛擬語氣在各種句式中的用法介紹如下： A).條件從句的虛擬語氣 條件從句的謂語動詞 主句的謂語動詞 與現在事實相反 be---were/ 動詞---過去式 would/ should/ might/ could + do 與過去事實相反 過去完成式 would/ should/ might/ could + have done 與將來事實相反 were to/ should + do/ 動詞---過去式 would/ should/ might/ could + do Eg. 如果我是你，我就不看電視了. If I were you, I should/would not watch TV. 如果我做完家庭作業(yè),，我就去參加晚會. If I did/had done my homework, I would go/have gone to the party. 如果你昨天晚上不看電視,，就不會遲到了. If you hadn’t gone to the cinema, you would not have been late for class. 如果你努力地學習的話，你就會考試及格了,。 If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam. The plants in our garden __________ better if it had not rained so much last year. A. had grown B. would have grown C. were growing D. would grow Note: a).條件從句中if 的省略,，要倒裝 如果條件從句的謂語動詞包含有were或助動詞、情態(tài)動詞had, should, could,，有時可將連詞if省去,，而將 條件從句的主語置于were, had, should, could之后。這種用法主要用于書面語,，如： a.與現在相反：If I were you (=Were I you) , I would go with him. b.與過去相反：If I had had time then (=Had I had time then), I would have gone with you. c.與將來相反：If I were to visit/should visit/visited the Great Wall tomorrow, (=Were I to /Should I visit the Great Wall tomorrow), I would take my son with me. 注意：在否定句中not不可提至主語前,，如： （誤）Weren’t I here now, I would be in the bus. （正）Were I not here now, I would be in the bus. b).without 可以代替條件從句 Eg.沒有水和空氣，我們就不能生存,。 We would not live without water or air. c) 混合虛擬條件句 如果條件從句的動作和主句的動作不是同時發(fā)生,，主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應分別根據各自所表示的 時間加以調整。這種句子叫做混合虛擬條件句,。如： If he had followed my advice, he would be quite all right now.（從句述說過去,，主句述說現在） If d) 省略主句,，只保留if(only)的條件句 虛擬條件句中的表示結果的主句有時形式上可以省略,，但意義仍然存在。這 種句子只保留一個if(only)條 件從句,，表達說話人的強烈愿望,。如：If(only)she were my sister！她是我的妹妹就好了,！ e) 用but或but for引導含蓄條件句（but后跟從句,，but for后跟短語: 假如沒有, 要不是） But for your help, our experiment wouldn’t have been so successful. 假如沒有你們的幫助，我們的實驗是不會如此成功的,。 But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 要不是碰到暴雨我們會到得早一些,。 We would have invited them to the dance, but they were too busy. 要不是他們太忙,，我們會邀請他們來參加舞會的。 此句可改寫為：If they had not been so busy, we would have invited them to the dance. But that he is in hospital, He would go abroad for his summer vacation. 要不是生病住院,，他就出國度暑假了,。 該句可改寫為：If he weren’t in hospital, he would go abroad for his summer vacation. f) "If only ..."這是一種特殊句式結構 一、"If only..."用于感嘆句中,是一個保留條件句,省略了主句的形式,。用來表示某人對某事的一種強烈愿望或未實現的條件,其意為"但愿……;真希望……;要是……就好了",。常用于虛擬語氣的謂語動詞形式。 If only she were my sister! 如果她是我姐姐該多好啊! (=How fine it would be if she were my sister!) "If only..."引導的從句謂語動詞形式分以下幾種: 1. If only后常接一般過去時,表示對現在的一種難以實現的愿望,。 如:1)If only I had that book! 我要是有那本書就好了,。 =How fine it would be if only I had the book (but I haven't the book). 2)If only I were younger! 要是我年輕點兒就好了! =How fine it would be if only I were younger! (but I am not younger) 3)If only my mother were here now! 要是我母親現在在這兒就好了。 (but she isn't here now) 4)How fine it would be if only they could find a way to get to the room!他們要是能夠找到一條通道進入那個房間該多好啊! 2. If only后常接過去完成時,表示過去沒有實現的愿望,。 如:1) If only you had worked with greater care! 你當時干活時要是再認真些就好了! (but you didn't work with greater care) 2) If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train! 要是我們及時趕到,就不 會誤車了,。(but we didn't arrive in time) 3. If only后常用過去將來時表示將來不大可能實現的愿望。 如:If only she would win!但愿她能贏! 二,、If only有時也可引導陳述語氣的真實條件句,意思為"只要……",。 If only it clears up, we'll go. 只要天一放晴,我們就去。 與此句型容易混淆的還有一種結構"only if...",only置于if前表示強調if條件,意為"只要……",用于引導陳述語氣的真實條件句,。 Only if you study hard, you will pass the test. 只要你努力學習,就會通過考試,。 B).賓語從句的虛擬語氣 a).wish+賓語從句 與現在/將來事實相反 謂語動詞--- be---were/ 動詞---過去式 與過去事實相反 過去完成式 eg. I wish I were a bird flying freely in the sky. I wish you passed the entrance exam. I wish you hadn’t been absent yesterday. b).表示請求，命令,，建議的動詞后(一堅持(insist),二命令(order, command),三建議(suggest, propose, advise),四要求(demand, require, request, ask) 謂語動詞---(should)+do eg.我們建議她去看醫(yī)生,。 We suggested that she (should) go to see a doctor. 例外情況：suggestion，insist后從句中不用虛擬語氣的問題． suggest作為“表明,，暗示”時,，不用虛擬語氣 insist作為“堅持認為”時，不用虛擬語氣 eg. The smile on his face suggested that he succeeded in the task. 我們堅持他應該去看醫(yī)生,。(堅持要sb做) We insisted that he (should) go to see a doctor. We insisted that old Li was an advanced worker in our company. Jane's pale face suggested that she ______ ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has C).主語從句的虛擬語氣 It is important/necessary/strange + that+主+(should) do. Eg. It is necessary that we (should) master a foreign language to find a good job. D).狀語從句的虛擬語氣 a).方式從句 與現在/將來事實相反 謂語動詞--- be---were/ 動詞---過去式 與過去事實相反 謂語動詞---過去完成式 eg.她很悲傷仿佛整個世界都背叛了她,。 She felt upset and sad as if/as though the whole world had turned against her. b).讓步從句 與現在/將來事實相反 謂語動詞--- be---were/ 動詞---過去式 與過去事實相反 謂語動詞--- 過去完成式 eg.即使他向我道歉，我也不會原諒他,。 Even if/Even though he apologized to me, I wouldn’t pardon him. E).it is (high, about) time+從句的虛擬語氣從句應該用虛擬語氣,，值得注意的是 1.用過去時態(tài)表示虛擬． Or 2.should + 動詞原形,，should 不能?。Ｗg為＂是（正是）．．．的時侯．．．＂ It is (high, about) time for + sth. It is (high, about) time for sb to do. It is (high, about) time that +clause(謂語動詞--- be---were/ 動詞用過去時或should + V) eg.我們該回家了. It is time (that)we went/should go home. 1 He suggested that the meeting _________ put off. A. not be B. should not C. wouldn’t D. be not 2 What would have happened if you __________ her child? A. hadn’t helped B. couldn’t help C. wouldn’t help D. didn’t help 3 It is strange that he __________ so. A. thinks B. think C. thought D. will think 4 If I ________ with her last summer, I ________ with her now. A. worked…am getting on very well B. had worked…would get on very well C. had worked… would have got on very well D. had worked…will get on very well 5 I wish I _________ my uncle yesterday. A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met 6 The old professor gave orders that the experiment _________ before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished 7 It’s high time he __________ home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go 8 ___________ you succeed and __________ you be healthy. A. May…may B. Wish…wish C. Hope…hope D. Should…may 9 Galileo insisted that the earth __________ round the sun. A. should move B. move C. moves D.A or B 10 I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I ___________ to the meeting. A. came B. would come C. had come D. would have come 11 Supposing the weather _________ bad, where would they go? A. will be B. is C. were D. be 12 ________ your letter, I would have started off two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. If I could have received D. Had I received 13 If only I _________ to my parents’ advice! A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened 14 If it _________ rain next week, the farmers could still have a good harvest. A. should B. could C. would D. might 15 ---Why didn’t you come to the party yesterday? ----I _________, but an unexpected visitor came to see me. A. did B. would C. had D. was going to 16 I’d rather you __________ me the news. A. not tell B. not to tell C. didn’t tell D. hadn’t told 17 I ___________ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. A. would have hoped B. was hoping C. had hoped D. hoped 18 His silence at the meeting suggested that he _________ to your plan. A. shouldn’t agree B. wouldn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. didn’t agree 19 He ________ the job well, but he __________ so careless. A. hadn’t done, had been B. could have done, was C. could do, was D. had done, had been 20 Li Ling acted that way as though he _________ a foreigner. A. were B. had been C. should be D. is Keys: 1-5 AABBD 6-10 CBACD 11-15 CDDAD 16-20 CCDBA |
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