新目標九年級英語專項復習教案、學案,、講義及練習題---動詞語態(tài)被動語態(tài)：(1)被動語態(tài)定義：被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式,用來說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系,。如果主語是 動作的執(zhí)行者(即某人做某事),便叫主動語態(tài),；如果主語是動作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被動語態(tài)。主動與被動的區(qū)別不是詞序的區(qū)別,而是主語與謂語意義上的區(qū)別,。在英語中只有及物動詞和一些相當于及物動詞的詞組才有被動語態(tài)的形式,。 (2)英語中被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be +動詞的過去分詞”構成。助動詞be有時態(tài),、人稱和數(shù)的變化,。被動語態(tài)后的by短語有時可省去。具體結構見下表：
[注] p.p.表示過去分詞,。 (1) 被動語態(tài)的用法： ① 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者(即不知道誰做)時用被動語態(tài),省略by短語,。如：A man was killed in the accident.(一個人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(這扇窗子是昨天被打破的) ②不說或者眾所周知是誰做時,用被動語態(tài),省略by短語。如：Rice is also grown in this place.(這個地方也種水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后這里將要修建一條鐵路) ③強調動作的承受者,句尾加by短語,。如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(書)是魯迅寫的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(寵物狗是不會被主人宰殺的) (2) 主動語態(tài)如何改寫為被動語態(tài)：
主動句： 主語(人/物) + 謂語(及物動詞) + 賓語(人/物) + 其他 + 狀語 (動作的執(zhí)行者) (各種時態(tài)形式) (動作的承受者)
被動句： 主語(人/物) + 謂語(及物動詞) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 狀語 (動作的承受者) (be +過去分詞) (動作的執(zhí)行者)
(3) 注意點： ①“動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語”改為被動時,可以用間接賓語做被動句的主語,。如： His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老師給他一本字典→他得到老師一本字典) 也可以用直接賓語做被動句的主語,但是需用to或者for引出原句的間接賓語。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老師給他一本字典→一本字典由老師送給了他)/His father made him a kite.→A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父親給他做了一個風箏→一個風箏由他的父親做給了他) ②“動詞+賓語+動詞原形”改為被動時,動詞原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.(老板讓這個可憐的人一天工作12小時→這個可憐人被迫一天工作12小時) ③“動詞+…+介詞”改為被動時,介詞一般在原位不動,。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顧小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顧著) ④“be+過去分詞”未必表示被動語態(tài),而可能是系表結構,。如： He is pleased / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高興/焦慮/疲勞……) He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / …….(被動)(他被擊中/撞倒/關照/射中……) △ 基 本 型 用所給動詞的適當形式填空 1. A lot of water _________ (waste) every year. It’s a serious problem. 2. Now many kinds of work __________ (can do) by robots. (1999上海) 3. English __________ (speak) as a second language in some countries. (1999山西) 4. Fish may _____ ____ (catch) in the river. (1999呼和浩特) 5. A new bridge _________ (build) over the river last year. (1999福州) 6. “I’m afraid it _______ (need) mending”, Mrs. White turned off the TV. (1999西安) 7. Vegetables, eggs and fish _________ (sell) in that shop. 8. The children ______ often ______ (tell) to be careful with fire. 9. The accident _________ (happen) just now. 10. Now he ______ (be) asked if the meeting _______ (hold) next Friday. 將下列句子改為被動語態(tài) 11. You must send your sister to hospital at once. (1999山東荷澤) She must _____ _____ to hospital at once. 12. The foreigners can’t understand this word. (1999廣東) This word can’t _____ _____ by the foreigners. 13. Many people speak French in China. (1999廣西) French _____ _____ by many people in China. 14. Mike drew a picture on the blackboard. (1999四川) A picture _____ _____ on the blackboard by Mike. 15. Someone took away the boxes yesterday. (1999甘肅) The boxes _____ _____ away by someone yesterday. 16. He doesn’t clean the meeting-room every day. (1999蘭州) The meeting-room _____ _____ every day. 17. You can look up the word in the dictionary. The word can _____ _____ _____ in the dictionary. 1. I’ll buy my daughter a new watch. A new watch will _____ _____ _____ my daughter. 2. The boss made the workers work all day.] The workers _____ _____ _____ work all day (by the boss). 3. We saw some boys playing football behind the house. Some boys _____ _____ _____ football behind the house. △ 提 高 型 1. The river smells terrible. People must _____ dirty things into it. (1999南京) A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing 2. Many kinds of new bicycles _____ in Number One Machine Factory now. A. are making B. are made C. have made D. will make 3. Paper _____ first invented in China. (1999昆明) A. is B. are C. was D. were 4. –Do you like the flower? -Yes, it _____ sweet. (1999內蒙古) A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells 5. His schoolbag _____ away by a woman ten minutes ago. (1998河北) A. took B. had taken C. was taken D. were taken 6. It snowed heavily last night. The ground _____ thick snow. (1998武漢) A. was covered with B. was filled with C. was made of D. was getting on with 7. The light in the room _____ before you leave. (1998廣州) A. must turn off B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off 8. Chinese _____ by Miss Wang three years ago. (1998吉林) A. was taught B. is taught C. was teached D. were taught 9. Young trees _____ quite often. (1998武漢) A. should water B. should be water C. should be watered 10. _____ the kind of question often _____ in your class, Ann? (1997山東) A. Does; ask B. Is; asked C. Has; asked D. Will; ask 10.The bridge over the river _____ three years ago. (1997江西) A. is finished B. finished C. was finished D. has finished 11.The bridge _____ in three weeks. (1996深圳) A. will build B. is built C. will be built 12.The League _____ in May, 1922. (1997安徽) A. found B. was found C. founded D. was founded 13.The old men and the children must _____ in our country. (1996四川) A. take good care B. be taken good care C. take care of D. be taken good care of 14.The radio can _____ in two days. (1997湖南) A. mend B. be mend C. be mended D. mended 15.Alice is ill. She _____ to hospital at once. (1997四川) A. is sent B. must be sent C. can send D. must send 16.The flowers _____ every day, or they’ll die. (1997湖北) A. must water B. should water C. can be watered D. must be watered 17.Paul doesn’t have to be made _____. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 18.In some part of the world, tea _____ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 19.–Have you moved into the new house? -No, not yet. The rooms _____. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting △ 綜 合 型 1. The girl was unhappy because she _____ by some boys in the class. A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at 2. We _____ that the English test _____ next Monday. A. are told; gives B. tell; will give C. are told; will be given D. told; is going to be given 3. Great changes _____ place in China since 1978. A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. took 4. _____ the red pencil-box _____ by your father last week? A. Has; bought B. Was; bought C. Does; buy D. Did; buy 5. Look! A big modern building _____ in our city. A. is built B. was being build C. is being built D. has built 6. Mary _____ many songs at a party. A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing 7. _____ trees usually _____ in April? A. Have; planted B. Are; planted C. Do; plant D. Were; planted 8. When _____ the Party _____? A. is being B. was being C. has been D. should be 9. The window of this room _____ once a week. A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning 10. When _____ the Party _____? A. was; founded B. was found C. is; found D. has; been founded 11. In 1620, about half the USA _____ forests. A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D. covered with 12. The young tree _____ the stick. A. should be tied to B. must be tied by C. should tie to D. can be tied with 13. A present _____ me by my friend on my birthday. A. is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to 14. Will the job _____ in ten minutes? A. finish B. be finish C. be finished D. finished 15.By _____ was the book _____? A. who; wrote B. whom; write C. whose; writing D. whom; written 2. The big tree _____ by my brother ten years ago. (2000甘肅) A. was planted B. planted C. has planted D. was planting 3. This work _____ next Monday. (2000廣西) A. may finish B. finish C. finishes D. may be finished 4. Many more houses _____ for teachers since last year. (2000廣州) A. are building B. built C. have built D. have been built 5. When _____ the accident _____? (2000遼寧) A. was; happened B. has; happened C. did; happen D. was; happening 6. That white building _____ two years ago, but it looks quite old now. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds (2000河北) 7. Who will you ask for help if you _____? (2003汕頭) A. robbed B. are robbed C. will be robbed D. will be stolen |
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