1.冠詞(a,,an,,the)
難點形成原因:
1.分不清元音音素、輔音音素或元音字母,、輔音字母,。
2.不能區(qū)分不定冠詞a,an和定冠詞the,,不知什么是特指,、泛指。
3.把握不準特殊情況下冠詞的用法,。
4.沒有經??偨Y,,歸納,。
5.訓練量不足,使用不熟練,,易混淆,。
解決辦法:
1.老師挑選典型例句進行精講精煉。
2.總結,、記住特例,。
3.熟記用法。
4.多積累,,多鞏固,,多進行記憶并對一些抽象的題目進行具體化的演繹分析。
5.多復習,,多練習,。
用法講解:
冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨使用,,也沒有詞義,,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義,。英語中的冠詞有三種:定冠詞,、不定冠詞、零冠詞,。
一,、不定冠詞的基本用法
不定冠詞用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,,其中 a 用于以輔音音素(輔音音素24個 /p/、/b/,、/t/,、/d/、/m/,、/l/,、/r/ 等,不是輔音字母)開始的詞前。而 an 是用于以元音音素(元音音素20個/i:/,、/i/,、/e/、/au/ 等, 不是元音字母a,,e,,i,o,,u)開始的詞前,。如:a university,a useful tool,,a computer,,an orange,an hour,,an 800-meter bridge,,“Jumping out of an airplane at ten thousand feet is quite an exciting experience.”(2002年全國卷)
用法 |
典型例句 |
1、與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,,表示類別,。 |
--I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard. --You shouldn't put drinks near a computer. (2006 年北京卷) |
2、泛指某人或某物,, 表示“某一個”,,相當于 a certain。 |
--Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? (2006年全國I卷) --Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here. |
3,、用于數(shù)量,、時間等名詞前,表示“每一(單位)的……”相當于 per,。 |
I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (2003年上海卷) |
4,、用于固定詞組中。 |
a knowledge of ,,have a gift for,,give sb. a ride,a couple of,have a good time,,keep a diary,,in a hurry,once in a while,,at a loss,,tell a lie,do sb. a favor,。 |
二,、定冠詞的基本用法
用法 |
典型例句 |
1、用來特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,。所特指的名詞常被短語或定語從句所修飾,。 |
Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father's advice was the most important one.(2006年遼寧卷) |
2、指說話的雙方都知道的人或事物,。 |
Don't worry if you can't come to the party. I'll save some cake for you. (2006年浙江卷) |
3,、復述上文中提到的事物。 |
There is a shelf in my father's room. The shelf is new. |
4,、用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,,表示該類事物,相當于 a,。 |
When you come here for your holiday next time, don't go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat. (2004年全國I卷) |
5,、序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前。比較級前若表示特指時也要用定冠詞 the ,。 |
The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. (2002年上海春季卷) I want to chat with the taller of the two men. |
6,、在表示方位、樂器的名詞前,。 |
Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny. (2000年北京春季卷) play the piano, play the violin |
7、用于復數(shù)姓氏之前,,表示“夫婦”或“全家”,。 |
the Smiths |
8、表示世界上獨一無二事物的名詞前,。 |
the sun,,the moon,the earth,,the world,。 |
9、用于由普通名詞構成的專有名詞,、江河,、山脈、湖泊,、海洋,、群島,、海峽、海灣運河及某些建筑物等名稱前,。 |
According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.(2006年全國II卷 )After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson a ride to the Capital Airport. (2005年安徽卷) |
10,、在某些形容詞之前,可表示某一類人,。 |
the rich,,the poor,the old,,the wounded,,the living,the dead,。 |
三,、不用冠詞(零冠詞)情況:
用法 |
典型例句 |
1、人名,、地名(街名,、廣場名、公園名),、大學名,、國名、病名前,。 |
Wang Fu Jing Street,,Pei Hai Park 北海公園,Beijing University 但也可說 the University of Beijing,。 |
2,、抽象名詞表示一般概念時,一般不用冠詞,。 |
When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life. (2004年遼寧卷) |
3,、物質名詞表示一般概念時,一般不用冠詞,。 |
The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.(2001年全國卷) |
4,、表示職位或頭銜的抽象名詞前,常不用冠詞,。但表示具體的人時,,加 the 。 |
We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 類似的名詞還有:president,,monitor,,headmaster,mayor 等。 |
5,、表示季節(jié),、月份、星期幾,、節(jié),、假日等表示時間的名稱前,不用冠詞,。但我國的陰歷節(jié)前要用the,。 |
Children's Day,Women's Day,,May Day the Spring Festival,。 |
6、三餐,、學科名稱,、球類活動和棋類游戲的名稱前,不用冠詞,。 |
play basketball,,play chess。 |
7,、man 作“人類”講時,,同 human,mankind 一樣不用冠詞,。 |
While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed man's understanding of color. (2004年廣東卷) |
8,、by 與表示“通信、交通”的詞連用,,表示通信,交通手段時,,不用冠詞。 |
If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get a fast one. (2005年全國III卷) |
9,、復數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞泛指類別,。 |
It is often said that teachers have a very easy life. (2005年北京卷) |
10、有些名詞與介詞搭配表示抽象意義,,不加冠詞,常作狀語,。 |
His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.(2001年上海卷) in surprise/wonder/danger/tears/comfort,,in love with,under pressure,,beyond expression 等,。 |
典例精析:
1. _______ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _______ packed lunch. (2007年山東卷)
A. A; a B. The; 不填 C. The,; a D. A,; 不填
答案:C。
解析:the walk 是指大家心中都明白的 walk ,,因此用定冠詞特指,;a packed lunch 是泛指,指一份盒飯,。
2. --Could you tell me the way to _______ Johnsons, please?
--Sorry, we don't have _______ Johnson here in the village. (2007年全國II卷)
A. the,; the B. the; a C不填,; the D. the,; 不填
答案:B。
解析:“the +復數(shù)姓氏”表示“夫婦”或“全家”,。在人的姓前加 a ,,表示“某個姓……的人”。所以選 B ,。
3. I looked under _____bed and found ______book I lost last week. (2007年北京卷)
A. the,; a B. the; the C. 不填,;the D. the,; 不填
答案:B。
解析:bed特指說話的雙方心目中的那張床,,要用定冠詞 the ,。book 后接定語從句,特指上周丟失的那本書,,要用定冠詞 the ,。所以選 B 。
4. I wanted to catch _____early train, but couldn't get _____ride to the station. (2007年天津卷)
A. an,; the B./,; the C. an; / D. the,; a
答案:D,。
解析:early train 特指早班火車,要用定冠詞 the ,。ride 表示泛指要用不定冠詞 a,。所以選 D 。
5. Christmas is ______ special holiday when ______whole family are supposed to get together.(2007年遼寧卷)
A. the,; the B. a,; a C. the,; a D. a; the
答案:D,。
解析:這句話的意思是:圣誕節(jié)是一個整個家庭應該聚在一起的特殊的節(jié)日,。 A special holiday“一個特殊的節(jié)日”,是泛指,,用不定冠詞 a ,。the whole family 特指“整個家庭”,用定冠詞 the ,。所以選 D 。
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