It 用法小結(jié)20條

一,、考查it表示上文提過(guò)的事物或心目中的人或物的用法,。

上文提過(guò)的事物（單數(shù)）或事情時(shí),，常用it來(lái)代替；指代心目中的人或物時(shí)也常用it來(lái)代替,。

【考例】---________ will make your grandma happy if you buy a walking stick for her birthday, I guess.

   ---It sounds a good idea! She has some problems walking now.  (年湖北宜昌)

   A. That                          B. It                             C. This                         D. What

[答案]：B

[命題立意]：本題考查指代詞的用法,。

[試題解析]：依據(jù)題干you buy a walking stick for her birthday可知，此處用it指代這件事情,。

-- A latest English newspaper, please!

--Only one copy left. Would you like to have_____ , sir? (徐州)

A. it                        B. one                         C. this                         D. that

[答案]：A

[命題立意]：本題考查替代詞的用法,。

[試題解析]：it用于指代前面提到過(guò)的名詞，可以替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,。

三,、考查it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。

it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí),，可指代動(dòng)名詞,、動(dòng)詞不定式、主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句,。此時(shí),， it自身無(wú)詞義，位于句子主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的位置,，而真正作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞,、動(dòng)詞不定式或從句則置于句子的后面。

注意： 考查it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)常與that,，this,， as等一起考查。that, this, as等均不能作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ),。

【考例】My mother finds    great fun to learn to drive a car. (蘇州)

    A. it              B. this                   C. the                         D. what

 [答案]：A

[命題立意]：本題考查“S + V + it + adj. to do sth.”句型的用法,。

[試題解析]：it 作指代詞，用作形式賓語(yǔ),。

六,、it/that/one用法區(qū)別

（it主要指代前面提到的同一物；one用來(lái)指代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞,，相當(dāng)于a/an+單數(shù)名詞,，表泛指概念,，往往是同類而同一物；that用來(lái)替代前面出現(xiàn)的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或特指的不可數(shù)名詞,，相當(dāng)于the＋單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞）

【考例】

一Two Evening Papers,，please!

——0nly one copy left．Would you like to have____,sir? [鹽城]

A．one                     B．it                 C．this                            D．that

答案：B解析：句意：“請(qǐng)拿兩份晚報(bào)!”“先生，僅剩下一份了,。你想買它嗎?”用it來(lái)代替前面提到的one copy,，故選B。

——Where's my watch?

——Sorry．I don't know．Maybe you put____on the table．[浙江臺(tái)州]

A．it                        B．her                      C．him                     D．them

答案：A解析：此題考查代詞的用法,。it代替前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)事物,，故選it。

. I can’t find the pen I was given. Have you seen __________?          [ 徐州]

A. it           B. one          C. this           D. that

It 用法小結(jié)雖不是高考的熱點(diǎn),，但這兩年全國(guó)各省市試題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),。我們不能疏忽。 下面是用法20條,。 并通過(guò)高考試題進(jìn)行鞏固：

1.It is+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that
該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,，將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的放在前面，其他部分置于之后,，強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)如果是人,，可以用來(lái)替換，如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后,，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完整無(wú)缺的句子,，這也是判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其他從句的方法。
It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.
It was with great joy ___he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004 福建)
A. because B. which C. since D. that (D)

2. It is not until +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+ that
該句型譯成漢語(yǔ)“直到……才”,，可以說(shuō)是的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式,。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star. =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star. =I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
It was ___back home after the experiment. (2004 湖北)
A. not until midnight did he go
B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn’t go (C)

3. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain) that….
該句型中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,，常譯為“清楚（顯然,、真的、肯定）”是主語(yǔ)從句最常見的結(jié)構(gòu),。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
=That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.

4. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural…) that…
該句型和上一句同屬一個(gè)句型,。由于主句中的形容詞不同，that后的從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形）should 可以省去,。建議記住該句型中的形容詞,。
It is important that we (should) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.

5. It is said (reported , learned…) that…
該句型中的it 仍是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,。該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為“據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)報(bào)道,，據(jù)悉……）
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.

6. It is suggested (ordered…) that…
該句型和上一句屬一個(gè)句型。主句中的過(guò)去分詞是表示請(qǐng)求,、建議,、命令等詞時(shí),，that后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 （should+動(dòng)詞原形）,?？梢允÷裕Ｗg為“據(jù)建議,；有命令……”
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.

7. It is a pity (a shame…) that …
在該句型中,，that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形），should可以省去,，表示出乎意料,，常譯為“竟然”。沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí),，則不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,。
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾,。
It is a pity that he is ill.
他生病了,，真遺憾！

8. It is time (about time, high time) that…
該句型中that后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,，值得注意的是：常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬,，有時(shí)也用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should 不能省,。常譯為“是（正是）……的時(shí)候……”
It is time that children should go to bed.
=It is time that children went to bed.

9. It is the first (second, …)time that…
該句型應(yīng)和上一個(gè)句型區(qū)別開來(lái),。該句型中不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用完成時(shí)態(tài),。至于用哪種完成時(shí)態(tài),，由主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),；如果是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),。該結(jié)構(gòu)中that可以省去,；it有時(shí)用this替換，常譯為“是第一（二,…）次…”,。

10. It is …since…
該句型主要用作處理瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí),，要和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。主句中是時(shí)間作表語(yǔ),，其時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)和完成時(shí),，引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，而且是瞬間動(dòng)詞,。如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),，從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí),。
It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.
It is almost five years ___we saw each other last time. (2005 北京)
A. before B. since C. after D. when(B)

11. It is …when…
該句型中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句中的it指時(shí)間,，表語(yǔ)由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng),。常譯為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，是……”
It was 5 o’cloc k when he came here.

12. It be…before…
該句型主句中的it指時(shí)間,，主句中的時(shí)態(tài)常是一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài),，主句中的表語(yǔ)多是long ,not long ,3 days, 2 weeks等表示時(shí)間段的詞和短語(yǔ)。常譯為“…之后才”,，“沒(méi)過(guò)……就……”
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.
It will not be long before he finishes his job.

13. It happens (seems, looks, appears) that…
該句型中的it 是形式主語(yǔ),，that 引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，主句中的happen, seem等詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,。
It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street. (碰巧……)
It seems that he will be back in a few days. (看來(lái)……)
The Foreign Minister said, “___our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京)
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is (D)

14. It takes sb…to do sth.
該句型中的不定式是真正的主語(yǔ),，是形式主語(yǔ)，句型中的直接賓語(yǔ)是時(shí)間,。常譯為“做……要花費(fèi)某人……”
It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.

15．It is no good (use) doing sth.
該句型中的真正主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),，主句中的表語(yǔ)可以是 no good (not any good), no use (not any use ).
It is no good learning English without speaking English.

16. It doesn’t matter whether…
該句型中的引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)，該句型譯為“不論（是否）……沒(méi)關(guān)系……
It doesn’t matter whether they are old.

17．It is kind (of sb) to do sth.
該句型中的不定式短語(yǔ)是真正主語(yǔ),，如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是由of引出,，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語(yǔ)的形容詞。常見的有：bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish good (好心的),honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教養(yǎng)的),polite, rude, silly, stupid ,wise ,wrong等,。這個(gè)句型可以改寫為sb.is kind to do sth.
It is kind of you to stay so =You are kind to say so.

18. It is necessary (for sb) to do sth
該句型與上一句統(tǒng)屬一個(gè)句型,。如果不定式的邏輯

主語(yǔ)是由for 引出的，主句的形容詞通常是表示重要性,，緊迫性,，頻繁程度，難易,，安全等情況的形容詞,。常見的形容詞有：
Important,necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,grape, impossible, pleasant.等。
It is important for her to come to the party. =It is important that she (should) come to the party.

19. It looks (seems) as if …
該句型中it 無(wú)意義,。As if 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,，常譯為：“看起來(lái)好像……”如果與事實(shí)不相符合，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,。
It looks as if he is ill. （真的病了）
It looks as if he was ill. （事實(shí)上沒(méi)有生?。?br>It seemed as if he was dying.

20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.
該句型中的it作形式賓語(yǔ)。為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為“7123結(jié)構(gòu)”
7指主句中的常用的動(dòng)詞：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel, take.
1指的是形式賓語(yǔ)it .
2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞和名詞
3指的是真正賓語(yǔ)的三種形式：不定式短語(yǔ),，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,。
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
XiaoLi felt it important learning English well.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
-Do you like ____here?
-Oh, yes .The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004 全國(guó)卷二)
A. this B. these C. that D. it (D)
分析：it作形式賓語(yǔ)

高考預(yù)測(cè)：

1．______that there will be another good harvest this autumn.
A. He is said B. It is said
C. It says D. It was said

2.______ she was free on Monday morning,
A. That happened B. It is happened that
C. It happened to D. It happened that

3.___three years since he joined the army.
A. That is B. It is C. This is D. It was

4. ________is good ___you to have taken good care of

your classmates.
A. This; to B. It; for C. That; it D. It; of

5. What a long way ____________!
A. it is B is it C. is that D. This is

6. Does ______matter if I am late for the meeting tomorrow?
A. this B. it C. that D. which

7. ________makes me sick to think of the matter.
A. That B It C. This D. Which

8. The parents will never forget that _____ the doctor __had saved their child’s life.
A. It is; that B. It was; that
c. That is; when D. It was; when

9._____about half past ten ______we got to the station.
A. It is; that B. It was; that
C. That is; when D. It was; when

10. We consider ___our duty helping him.
A. it B. that C. which D. that

答案: 1-5 BDBDA 6-10 BBBDA