作定,、作狀的莫衷一是 主要而言,,定語的本質(zhì)是修飾名詞,狀語的本質(zhì)是修飾動詞,。 當(dāng)然定語還可以修飾代詞,,狀語還可以修飾形容詞、副詞以及句子,。 說到句子其實(shí)我們可以看核心也就是動詞,,或謂語動詞。 就定語與名詞,、狀語與動詞關(guān)系而言,,分辨某某部分作何種語,主要是看其與名詞,、動詞是何關(guān)系:如果是與名詞相關(guān),,主要修飾限定名詞,為名詞服務(wù),,則為定語,;如果是與動詞相關(guān),主要修飾動詞,,為動詞服務(wù),,則為狀語。 略舉如下: The man that will arrive is my daddy. The man to arrive is my daddy.(一般) The earth that goes around the sun is where we live. The earth going around the sun is where we live. (一般) The man that is standing under the tree is my father. The man standing under the tree is my father. (進(jìn)行) The man who had seen the movie felt it boring. The man, having seen the movie felt it boring. (完成) 這里having seen 的短語是作定還是作狀,,我認(rèn)為是作狀:一是語法學(xué)家大家這樣認(rèn)同或者確定,,這是一方面的原因;二是主要還是該短語和主句動作聯(lián)系更緊密,。據(jù)此,,我認(rèn)為是狀語。這里,,狀語簡言之,,狀語修飾動詞,修飾動作的是狀語,。 試分析下列句子in the park分別作什么語,。 I like the flowers in the park. I play basketball in the park. 故,,以往說法之having done 是不能作定語修飾名詞之為正確,語法學(xué)家這樣講自有其道理,,不能胡亂發(fā)明,。 再看: The boy standing there is my friend.(作定語) I, walking in the street, met my daddy. (作時間狀語) |
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